Mumwe wemibvunzo mikuru yatinowanzozvibvunza kuti sei hove dzedu dzichifa kana tichifunga kuti tiri kutevera nhungamiro dzakafanira dzekuchengetedza nekuchengetedza. Nekudaro, zvakajairika kufuratira zvidiki izvo ndizvo zvakakonzera kufa kwavo. Unhu hwemvura, kushanduka kamwe kamwe, uye kushushikana Kazhinji ndivo vane mhosva vakanyarara.
Kana iwe uchida kuziva iyo huru zvikonzero nei hove dzichifa Uye kana iwe uchitsvaga matipi ekuwedzera hupenyu hwayo, iyi ndiyo positi yako. Kunze kwekutanga, iwe uchaona Nzira yekudzivisa kukanganisa kwakajairika Kune vanotanga, ndeapi maparameter ekuyera uye ma routines api shandisa kuti aquarium yako igadzikane uye ine hutano.
Tangi rehove
Chimwe chezvikonzero zvikuru imvura, patinotanga kuchenesa tangi yehove uye totora hove kunze kuti tiiise mumudziyo nemvura zvakananga kubva papombi. Chlorine uye chloramine Vanokuvadza hove. Zvinokurudzirwa kuisa chikamu chepamusoro chemvura ye aquarium yakasanganiswa nemvura yepombi shoma kuchengetedza iyo aquarium mvura paramita uye, kunyange zvirinani, gadzirisa mvura ine anti-chlorine zvigadzirwa zvichiteera dosi yemugadziri (sekutungamira, mamwe maconditioner anoratidza 5 ml pa20 litres).
Tinofanirwa kungwarira nemudziyo watinoisa hove, inofanirwa kuve yakachena uye isina hutachiona hunogona kukuvadza hove. Kunyange zvakadaro, kana tangi rehove rakachengetedzwa zvakanaka, hazvidiwe kuti vabvise kuti varicheneseIzvi zvinogona kuomesa hove uye chingava chimwe chikonzero nei dzichifa. Pese pazvinogoneka, geza ne zvishoma mvura inoshanduka pasina kuvafambisa.
Paunenge uchichenesa zvikamu zve aquarium, chenjerera kuti usashandise zvigadzirwa zvemakemikari. Kana ukashandisa sipo, sukurudza zvakanaka chaizvo, kunyange zvazvo isingakurudzirwi; zviri nani kushandisa ... mvura inopisa nebhurashi kuchenesa zvese zvikamu. Dzivisa mishonga inouraya utachiona inobvisa mabhakitiriya anobatsira yesefa, sezvo ine basa rekushandura ine chepfu ammonia kuita nitrites uyezve kuita isinganyanye kukuvadza nitrate.
Iyo aquarium ine vanhu vakawanda haikurudzirwe zvakare nekuti ivo vanonyanya kushushikana.Kana hove dzichinyanya kushushikana, mikana yakawanda yekuti dzife. Isu hatigonewo kusanganisira hove dzisiri... enderana pakati pavo: vaigona kukuvadzana, izvo zvatisingaoni dzimwe nguva, uye voguma vafa. Semutungamiri wekukurumidza, mutemo we 1 litre yemvura kune imwe neimwe centimita yehove dzakura, tichifunga nezvehukuru hwokupedzisira hwemarudzi.
Chimwe chikonzero nei hove dzichigona kufa imhaka ye kudyisaHatifaniri kuvadyisa. Zvisina kudyiwa zvinoramba zvichiora, zvichigadzira ammonia/nitrites uye Vanodya oxygen.kuderedza mvura nokukurumidza.
Kunze kwekuchenesa, chengetedza tembiricha Uye usasanganise marudzi emvura inotonhora nemhando dzemvura inodziya. Hove dze mvura inotonhora (kusvika ~ 20 ºC), senge goldfish, telescopes kana shubunkins, zvine zvido zvakasiyana pane zve mvura inodziya (kubva ~ 21 ºC), senge neons, guppies kana bettas. Kuvasanganisa kazhinji kunotungamirira kushushikana kusingaperi.
Watch the kuoma kwemvuraMvura yakaoma kwazvo kana yakapfava zvakanyanya haina kunaka. Shandisa test kit kutarisa. pH, GH, KH uye pamusoro pezvose, ammonia (NH3/4), nitrite (NO2-) uye nitrate (NO3-)Isa uye chengetedza sefa inokodzera huwandu hwe aquarium uye biological load. Kune diki aquariums (kusvika ~ 55 malita), sefa yemukati inoshanda Submersibles isarudzo yakanaka; yemvura yepakati-kati (90-130 malita), sefa yekunze Nehukuru hukuru hwezvinhu zvipenyu, kugadzikana kunowedzera.
Pamusoro pe mvura inoshandukaNhungamiro yakachengeteka ndeyekuchinja pakati 20% uye 30% vhiki nevhikiMumadziva akadzikama kwazvo ane mvura yakaderera uye kusefa kwakanaka, vamwe vanhu vanoderedza kuwanda kwekuchinja kwemvura (semuenzaniso, 10% mavhiki matatu ega ega), asi kuongorora nitrate kunonyanya kukosha. Mune aquariums isina sefa, shanduko yemvura inofanira kunge iri vhikiUsambofa wakadurura iyo aquarium yese kunze kwekunge paine emergency.
Zvikonzero zvikuru nei hove dzichifa
Kana tangoongorora machengeterwo akasiyana aunoda kutora mutangi rako rehove kuti uve nehutsanana hwakanaka, ngatitarisei zvikonzero zvikuru nei hove dzichifa. Pakati pezvikonzero zvikuru zvekufa muhove dze aquarium nde... kushungurudzika and the zvirwereHove idzi hadzina kugadzikana uye dzinowanzorwara nekuda kwekushushikana kwadzinoita. Zvinofanira kutarisirwa kuti, kana vachinge vagara munzvimbo yakavharirwa uye vachigara vachioneswa kune mamwe marudzi, Haifanire kunge iri nharaunda iri nyore. kwavari.
Muzvisikwa, hove dzinogona kuvanda, kufamba-famba, kubatana nedzimwe hove, kudzivirirwa, kutsvaga chikafu, nezvimwe. Nenzira yekuti ivo vari kuramba vachifamba kuburikidza neecosystem ine hukuru hukuru kwavari. Nekudaro, kana ivo vari mune ye aquarium nzvimbo yavo yekugara idiki. Zvose izvi zvinowedzera kuipa kana vakagovana nzvimbo iyoyo nedzimwe mhuka dzenharaunda..
Zvinonyanya kukonzera Zvinhu zvaunofanira kudzora ndezvi:
- Mvura isina kukwanaYakakwira mazinga eammonia, nitrites, uye nitrate zvinokuvadza gill uye immune system. Kamwe-kamwe shanduko mupH kana tembiricha inokonzera akakatyamadza izvo zvinogona kuuraya.
- Kushaya oxygenKuwanda kwevanhu, kusafambiswa zvakanaka kwemhepo, tembiricha yakakwira, uye organic zvinhu zvakawandisa zvinoderedza oxygen yakanyungudika.
- kudya kusina kunakaKudyisa kunoderedza mvura; kudya kwakashata kunokonzera kushaya zvokudya zvinovaka muviri uye matambudziko ekugaya.
- Stress nekuda kwekusaenderana kana kusakwana nzvimboHove dzine hutsinye dzine rugare, musanganiswa wemarudzi ane zvinodiwa zvakasiyana, kana madiki emvura.
- Zvirwere fungal, bhakitiriya kana hutachiona hwehutachiona, hunofarirwa nehurombo hwemvura uye kushushikana.
- Makemikari/heavy metalsMvura yepombi isina kucheneswa kana zvicheneso zvinoshandiswa pedyo ne aquarium.
Kana uri kutenga hove kubva muchitoro, chinhu chekutanga chekuita ndechokuteerera kune zvimwe zviratidzo zvinowanzoitika zvinoratidza kuti hove dzakamanikidzwa kana kurwara. Zviratidzo izvi zvinosanganisira zvinotevera:
- Hove dzako dzinokura dhena chena paganda.
- ari zvimbi zvehove zvinotanga kunamatirana (clamped fins).
- Iyo aquarium ine tsvina uye haichengetedze hutsanana hwakanaka.
- Hove dzinofamba zvishoma.
- Hove dzinotanga shambira parutivi rwako.
- Unogona kuwana hove inoyangarara yakananga pasi.
Kana iwe ukaona chimwe chezviratidzo izvi, zviri pachena kuti mhuka idzi dzakamanikidzwa kana kurwara. Iwe unofanirwa kuona kuti ndeupi munhu ari kunyanya kukanganiswa kana iye ega akanganiswa uye mugarise ari ogaTarisa, tora kana zvichidikanwa, uye inovandudza parameters yemvura huru ye aquarium.
Kuderedza njodzi, kutenderera aquarium Isati yaunza hove, inogadza mabhakitiriya anobatsira anoshandura tsvina ine muchetura kuita makemikari asingakuvadzi. Inopa kudya kwakaringanaSekureva kwakajairika, inopa izvo zvavanodya mazviri isingasviki 1 mineti1-2 nguva pazuva, uye kumapoka maduku iwe unogona kureva 1-2 magiramu pa5 hove (kugadzirisa zvinoenderana nemhando / saizi). Sarudza chikafu chemhando yepamusoro uye chinjana pakati pekuomeswa uye chitsva, semuenzaniso. TetraMin Flakes y Tetra FreshDelica Artemia, pamwe chete nemuriwo weblanched for herbivorous species.
Ngwarira kuenderana: dzivisa kusanganisa bettas nemamwe marudzi akareba-refu kana varume vemarudzi avo; the escalare/ngirozi Ivo vane nharaunda sevakuru uye vanogona kubata hove diki; hove Clown Uye dzimwe hove dzemugungwa hadzifanirwe kusanganiswa nehove dzemvura yakachena, kunze kwekusiyana kwavo kwemaitiro. Kunyange pakati pehove dzine rugare, dziriko kusiyana kwekudyaMateresikopu anodya zvishoma nezvishoma, goldfish/comets anodya nekukurumidza uye anogona kusiya anononoka asina chikafu.
Hunhu hunoshamisa hwehove
Chimwe chinoratidza kuti hove dziri kurwara here kana kuti dzakatsikirirwa ndiko kuzvirovera pakati padzo. Kana aripo kuungana kwevanhu Munzvimbo yemvura, hove dzinowanzo dhumhana nekuti dzinenge dziri mumhepo. Izvi zvinowedzera mazinga avo ekushushikana, zvichiita kuti varoverane kakawanda uye zvinogona kukuvadzana.
Ichi chiratidzo chinoratidzwa ne aquarium pamwe haina kukura zvakakwana kana kuti tine hove dzakawanda kupfuura dzatinokwanisa kuchengetaSezvatakambotaura, chenjerera pakuchenesa uye kuchinja mvura. Paunoshandura mvura ye aquarium, hove dzinowanzoungana pamwe chete mumabhakiti kana nzvimbo duku zvikuru. Dzivisa kurega mamiriro ezvinhu aya kwenguva refu, sezvo kushushikana uye kukakavara pakati pehove kunogona kuwedzera njodzi yechirwere.
Kune zvakare avo vanonzwa zvakanyanya. Kunyange zvazvo dziri mhuka dzinoshamisa, Vanowanzova nehanya nekuchinja kwezvakatipoteredzaIwe wakamboona zviratidzo muzvitoro zvemhuka zvinoti "usarove girazi" kana "hapana flash photography." Iwe unofanirwa kutevera mitemo yakafanana muimba yako ye aquarium. Imhuka dzinonzwa uye dzine njere; kurova girazi kana kuita ruzha kuchaita kuti vasvetuke kubva mutangi rako. Hazvibatsiri hutano hwakoUsiku, bvisa mwenje: hove hadzisi kuvhara maziso avo, asi zorora uye vanoda photoperiod yakagadzikana.
Zvimwe zviratidzo zvekunyevera: kuvharika kwepamusoro inoenderera (inobvira hypoxia kana yakakwirira nitrites), kushambira kwakashataKupfachuka, zvimbi zvakapetwa, uye kusanzwa kuda kudya zviratidzowo zvehove iri kunetseka. Kana ikafemera pamusoro peiyo aquarium, semuenzaniso, 60 malita nevhiki nevhiki 30% shanduko yemvura, pakarepo tarisa ammonia uye nitrite mazinga; kuwedzera the aeration (nangisa iyo sefa yekuburitsa kufambisa pamusoro kana kuwedzera aerator), kuderedza chikafu uye kuita a 20-30% shanduko yemvura Shandisa mvura yakagadziriswa pane imwe tembiricha. Tarisa kuti sefa iri kushanda nemazvo uye dzivirira zvakanyanya kuchenesa biological filter media.
Rangarira kuti tarisiro yehupenyu uye kukura zvinoenderana habitatMunzvimbo dzakafara uye dzakagadzikana, hove dzinorarama kwenguva yakareba uye dzinokura zviri nani; mudiki, aquariums akazara, kukura kwavo uye hupenyu hwehupenyu hunoderedzwa. Install pekugara (miti yechisikigo, mapako, matanda) kuderedza kushushikana.
Matipi ekuwedzera hupenyu hwehove
Tichakupa mazano ekubatsira hove dzako kuva ne hupenyu hurefu:
- Bata hove zvinyoro. Paunenge uchida kushandura mvura mutangi rehove, edza kuchengeta nguva ino sepfupi sezvinobvira.
- Kana uine hove itsva, usadzisuma dzose kamwechete.Acclimate: Fonera bhegi kwemaminetsi mashoma kuti uenzanise tembiricha uye zvishoma nezvishoma uwedzere mvura ye aquarium mubhegi (semuenzaniso, katatu pamaminetsi mashanu) usati waasunungura. kuzvitsaurira Previewing inokurudzirwa zvikuru.
- Kana uchiwanzova nevashanyi pamba pako, zvakanaka kuti dzivisa kurova girazi kubva ku aquarium kana kuita ruzha rwakanyanya.
- Hazvikurudzirwi kuvadyisa nokuti chiyero cheammonia chinowedzera uye mamwe mabhakitiriya anoonekwa mumvura. Ngavadye zvose zviri mukati isingasviki 1 mineti1-2 nguva pazuva. Kana washandisa zvakawandisa, bvisa zvakawandisa nemambure.
- Hazvikurudzirwi kuchengeta hove dzisingaenderani pamwe chete mukati meiyo aquarium imwe chete. Zvakakosha kuziva maitiro emarudzi ega ega: dzivisa kubheta nehove dzakabikwa kwenguva refu, usasanganise hove dzemvura inotonhora nehove dzinodziya-mvura, uye chenjerera kushungurudzwa kwemarudzi enharaunda se angelfish sezvaanokura.
- Zvinonakidza kuona zvese mvura uye tembiricha specificationsFunga nezvehuwandu hwemwaranzi, mwero weokisijeni, nezvimwe, izvo hove dzauchaunza mu aquarium inoda. Chengetedza pH yakagadzikana uye tarisa GH / KH.
- Kushongedza aquarium, Invest in quality uye kuchengeteka: dzivisa zvinhu zvinopinza kana pendi dzisina kukodzera.
- Chengetedza aquarium Usati wawedzera hove, usanyanya kuchenesa sefa. Utachiona hupenyuVanogadzira ammonia uye nitrites. Dzivisa kushandisa mvura yakasvibiswa seyo yega sosi; inopa zvicherwa maererano nemhando.
- Nguva dzose kuchinja kwemvura: kazhinji, 20-30% vhiki nevhiki nemvura air-conditioned Tembiricha yatove yakafanana. Mumvura yakadzikama kwazvo, inogona kudzikiswa, asi izvi zvinoda kudzora kwakasimba kwenitrate.
- Mamiriro emvura yepombiShandisa antichlorine/antichloramine. Semuenzaniso weiyo dosage, 5 ml pa20 Lnguva dzose uchitevera chigadzirwa label.
- Inovandudza oxygenation uye kutenderera: tungamira sefa yekuburitsa kuti ifambise pamusoro; wedzera aerator kana paine kuwandisa kwevanhu, kupisa kana kuwanda kwehupenyu.
- Sefa maererano ne Nezve vhoriyamu: mumatangi madiki, iyo yemukati submersible sefa inoshanda; mumatangi epakati-kati, sefa yekunze ine yakanaka biological load inopa kushanduka uye kugadzikana. Rongedza mwero wekuyerera kudzivirira kushungurudza mhuka dzinononoka kushambira.
- Kuvhenekera ne photoperiod yakagadzikanaChiedza chemasikati, rima usiku; vanodawo kuzorora.
- Kudya kwakasiyana uye yemhando yakanaka: mamwe maflakes / mapellets ane chikafu chakaomeswa kana gels (semuenzaniso, TetraMin Flakes o Tetra FreshDelica Artemiauye gadzirisa kugoverwa kune mhando. Chiyero chinobatsira ndechekushandisa iyo kuyerwa kweziso yehove sechinongedzo chepfuti.
- monitor Iyo aquarium: cherechedza maitiro zuva nezuva; pachiratidzo chekutanga chekurwara, ita nekukurumidza uye funga nezvechipatara / kugara wega.
- Bvisa hove yakafa pakarepoDzivisa ammonia spikes kubva pakuora; bvisa maererano nemitemo yenzvimbo.
Kuti uwedzere kuvanatsiridza, tsvaga compatibilidad zvemiswe nezvitaera zvekutuhwina: hove dze muswe kaviri sezvo teresikopu inoshambira zvishoma nezvishoma uye inogona kushushikana nevanobishaira vane muswe mumwe chete (kites(common carp). Uyewo dzivisa kusanganisa marudzi nemaitiro akasiyana-siyana ekudya kana usingakwanise kutarisa kuti vose vanodya.
Kana iwe uchitsvaga kurudziro yekusefa, mune diki aquariums (kusvika ~ 55 L) zvinotevera zvinoshanda nemazvo: mafirita emukati anonyudza nekuda kwekureruka kwekushandisa uye kugadzirisa; mumvura dzemvura dze90-130 L, a sefa yekunze Kushandisa huwandu hukuru hwezvinhu zvipenyu inzira yakanaka yekuchengetedza mvura yakagadzikana. Iva nechokwadi chekugadzirisa chiyero chekuyerera kuitira kuti mvura ipfuure nepakati pezvinhu zvine nguva yakakwana yekubatana.
Chekupedzisira, rangarira kuti kamwe kamwe shanduko muvengi weiyo aquarium. Pinda mutsika ye kuravira mvura (NH3/NH4, NO2, NO3, pH, tembiricha) inogara ichirekodha kukosha, uye inoshandisa zvigadziriso. zvishoma nezvishoma. Inosanganisira zvinomera zvakasikwa Kana zvichibvira: kunze kwekupa pekugara, vanobatsira kudzikamisa nitrate uye kuvandudza oxygenation panguva yephotoperiod.
Kuchengeta hove kuri nyore kana iwe uchinzwisisa kuti aquarium ndeye ecosystemKugadzikana, kugarisana, uye maitiro anofanotaurwa ndizvo zvakakosha. Kana iwe ukaderedza kushushikana, chengetedza zvakakodzera mvura paramita, dyisa zvine mwero, uye sarudza yakakodzera kusefa, hove dzako dzinobudirira. zvakawanda uye zviri nani.
