Kufirita mumumvura yakadzika inzira yakakosha yekuchenesa uye mhando yakanaka. Kutenda kune yakacheneswa-zvakanaka uye yakasvinwa mvura, hove dzinogona kugara mune yakanaka mamiriro. Mune ino kesi, isu ticha taura nezve chinyorwa chinobatsira kuwedzera mashandiro emvura kusefa mune emvura. Izvo ndezve zeoliteZeolite isefa substrate iyo kuita kwayo mumvura yekusefa kwakakwirisa kune yakawanikwa ine activated kabhoni kana jecha mafirita. Uyezve, chigadzirwa chezvakasikwa.
Kana iwe uchida ziva kuti zeolite inoshandiswa sei uye izvo zvaunoda, mune ino positi unogona kuwana zvese zvakadzama 
Zeolite hunhu
Chimiro che zeolite chinoumbwa nemaminerari anobva kumakomo anoputika. Inoumbwa nemaminerari uye makristasi e high ion exchange capacity (cation exchange). Kana tikaongorora chimiro chemukati chechinyorwa ichi, tinogona kuona zviteshi zvidiki zve 0,5 nm mudhayamita. Izvi zvinoita kuti zvionekwe chinhu chine porous chakakodzera kusefa kwemvuraNenzira iyi, unogona kubvisa chero tsvina inogona kunge yakamiswa kubva mumvura, kuchengetedza aquarium yakachena zvachose.
Chimiro chinopedzwa nezvikamu zvinoverengeka zvine mamwe mahombe dhayamita pores. Izvo chaizvo iyi ion exchange capacity inoita iyo adsorption yezvakanyungudutswa makomisheni iripo mumvura uye inogona kusefa. Mumashoko akareruka, ma pores uye mutero wavo anogara ions ye sodium uye potasium izvo zvinotsinhaniswa nemaammonium ions kana mvura ichipfuura nemuzvinhu.
Kune akati wandei marudzi eeolite. Zvichienderana nerudzi rwatiri kurapa, zvinokwanisika kutora mvura kubva kune mamwe mamineral senge calcium. Izvi zvinobvumira kuomarara kwemvura kudzikamisa zvishoma nezvishoma uye kuwedzera mhando yayo. Kune rimwe divi, pores ayo akakura Vanokwanisa kuchengetedza zvimedu zvakamiswaZvizhinji zvezvimedu izvi organic elements uye mamorekuru, akadai seammonia, uye anogona kuderedza kunaka kwemvura.
Padanho rekunyora, zeolite inonyanya kugadzirwa silicon uye aluminium mune microporous crystalline mesh, ine zvimwe zvinhu zvakadai se sodium, potasium, iron uye magnesium muchimiro chayo. Pakati peanonyanya kushandiswa zeolite mune aquariophilicity ndeye clinoptilolite Mumvura yakachena, inoshanda zvakanyanya pakuchinjanisa ammonium (NH4+). Yakanangana musanganiswa uye synthetic zeolites akagadziridzwa kune chaiwo zvinangwa aripo zvakare.
Pamusoro pekuita kwayo kemikari, mamwe maratidziro ekutengesa eyakagadziriswa natural zeolite anopa a yakanaka mechanical chiito, inokwanisa kubatsira kuchengetedza zvimedu zvakasimba kusvika kuma microns mashoma, zvichisiya mvura yakanyanya kujeka. Iyi mharidzo inotengeswa mukati granulometries akasiyana (semuenzaniso 1-2,5 mm; 2-5 mm; 4-8 mm; 8-16 mm), zvichibvumira kuyerera kwehuwandu uye nzvimbo yekuonana kuti igadziriswe kune imwe neimwe sefa.
Rinoshanda sei?
Kana tangoziva maitiro e zeolite, ngatienderere mberi kune mashandiro ayo. Rangarira kuti iri a substrate inokwanisa kuchinjanisa ammonia uye kuti inoshanda zvakasiyana mumvura yakachena kana yemunyu. Zvakakosha kuti unzwisise basa re zeolite zvichienderana nerudzi rwe aquarium yauchava nayo.
MaZeolites ayo anotsinhana calcium Ivo vanokwanisa adsorbing ammonia makomisheni iripo muhupo hwakaderera hwe calcium uye magnesium ions. Izvi zvinoitika mumvura yakachena ye aquariums. Mukutaura, clinoptilolite inobvisa NH4+ kubva mumvura uye mukudzoka inoburitsa maion akadai sodium kana potasium, shanduko iyo. Haisi kazhinji dambudziko mune zvakajairika. Semhedzisiro, inogona kubatsira kune a kupfava zvishoma kwemvura nekubata calcium uye magnesium.
Kune rimwe divi, kana tikasarudza gungwa remvura yegungwa, maitiro acho akasiyana zvachose. Mumhando iyi yemvura, kuvepo kwecalcium kwakakwira zvakanyanya kupfuura mumvura yakachena. Naizvozvo, iyo zeolite mune ino svikiro inoshanda se microporous biological substrate. Uyezve, mabhakitiriya akawanda anogona kutarisisa pamusoro, achikurumidza kushandura ammonia kuita nitrite, uye izvi kuita nitrate. Muchiitiko ichi, mukati me zeolite ine yakanyanya kuderera oksijeni. Izvi zvinokonzerwa nekunyanya kushandiswa kweokisijeni kunze. Naizvozvo, mabhakitiriya anogara munzvimbo idzi akazara autotrophic uye anokwanisa kugadzira chikafu chavo. Vanobvisawo nitrate, vachiishandura kuva nitrogen inoputika nerubatsiro rweokisijeni. organic carbon inowanikwa.
Kana zeolite ichishandiswa mune yakakwira performance marine masisitimu, inowanzobatanidzwa mune a chaiyo reactor: Kuyerera kwemvura kunodzorwa nemubhedha, uye mutoro unoshungurudzika 1-2 nguva pazuva. Kusuduruka uku kunosunungura huruva uye biofilm kubva pamusoro, kudzivirira kudonha kwepore. kuvandudza skimmer performance uye kupa zvimedu zvakanaka zvinokwanisa kushanda sechikafu chezvipembenene zvisingaite. Musanganiswa wekutengesa ZEOvit, semuenzaniso, musanganiswa wakaenzana wemazeolite akasiyana akagadzirirwa kushandiswa uku.
Zviri nyore kunzwisisa kuti, mumakungwa, iyo kabhoni inoshandiswa Kune mabhakitiriya, mvura inzvimbo yakaganhurirwa. Kana iyo isina kupihwa kana kubatwa nemazvo, iyo sisitimu ichaita nitify pane kutsanangura. Naizvozvo, nzira dzakawanda dzinosanganisa zeolite nemaitiro ebhakitiriya uye a carbon source kunyatsoiswa dosed.
Kugadziriswa uye zvinodiwa
Zeolite haina muganho, asi inoshoreka nekufamba kwenguva uye inorasikirwa nekushanda kwayo. Izvi zvinodaro nekuti mabhakitiriya makoloni ari kubereka kusvika pakuvhara ma pores epamusoroNemapores akavharika, simba ravo rekusefa rinoderedzwa kusvika padanho rekuti havachagone kuita basa ravo.
Ichi ndicho chikonzero zeolite inoda kugadziriswa. Kana yangotanga kutadza mukusefa kwemvura, inofanira kutsiviwa. Muchikamu chekupedzisira chekugadzirisa, kuwanda kwebhakitiriya inovandudza kushanda kwe skimmers hukuru hwakakura hwemarara hunobva kumusoro uye hunobviswa nekukurumidza nemarara emumvura.
Kana zeolite ichishandiswa mu aquarium kubatsira mukusefa Inokurudzirwa kuishandisa zvishoma nezvishomaNdiko kuti, haufanirwe kutanga kusefa mvura ine yakazara zeolite charge. Izvi zvinodaro nekuti kugona kwayo kusefa kwemvura kunogona kukanganisa hove dzakatojaira kune mamwe mamiriro emu aquarium.
Vese vanogadzira zeolite vanokurudzira kuiisa zvishoma nezvishoma, kwemavhiki, kuitira kuti hove dzigone kuenderana nehutsva hwemvura. Sezvo nguva inopfuura mushure mekuisa zeolite mu aquarium, mabhakitiriya anove anoshanda zvakanyanya. Kana basa ravo rasvika padanho repamusoro, inogona kukanganisa simba redox ye aquarium nekuda kwekunyanya kushandiswa kweokisijeni, saka zvinokurudzirwa kuve nechokwadi chekuti aeration yakanaka uye skimming.
Mukuwedzera kune periodic replacement, kune nhungamiro inoshanda izvo zvinovandudza mhedzisiro:
- Mechanical prefiltering: Isai zeolite mushure me sponge / perlon nhanho kuti irege kuzara nezvikamu uye nokukurumidza kurasikirwa nekubudirira.
- Kuiswa: mumabhegi akanaka mesh mukati mesefa (canister, bhegi, bhokisi) kana mukati zeolite reactors nekukwira kunokwira mumvura.
- Kusagadzikana Mumareactors: 1-2 nguva pazuva kuti usunungure marara uye udzorere pamusoro.
- Kuyerera muZEOvit mhando yekusanganisa reactor: yakatenderedza 400 l/h parita yezeolite, ine Dosage approx. 1 L pa400 L of water; kutsiva mutoro mavhiki matanhatu-6.
- Standard dosage mubhegi: Kureva, Seachem Zeolite mhando zvigadzirwa zvinoshandiswa pachiyero che 250 ml pa200 L yemvura, kutarisa ammonia maawa 24-48 oga oga.
Tarisa neammonia bvunzo, iyo inofanirwa kudonha kusvika zero mukati memaawa 24-48 kana ichishandiswa mumvura yakachena ine ammonia iripo. Panguva iyoyo, zvichienderana nechinangwa, unogona kubvisa zeolite kana kuitsiva nayo activated kabhoni. Kuchengetedza simbi dzinorema mamwe mabhureki anokurudzira kuchengeta zeolite mubasa uye nekuichinja pamwedzi.
Pausingafanirwe kushandisa zeolite mune yako aquarium
Nyanzvi zhinji dzemumvura dzinowirirana pamusoro pemupiro mukuru une zvinhu izvi mune akwariyamu ichangobva kugadzirwa. Nekudaro, kunyangwe munzvimbo nyowani dzemvura, kuwedzerwa kweammonia kune iyo yepakati kunokonzera iyo zeolite kuti iite sechinhu chenguva pfupi. Haisi shamhu yemashiripiti iyo inogadzirisa nitrate, phosphates kana algae pachayo.
Kune rimwe divi, kana iwo huwandu hweammonia hwave hwakagadzikana, zvakanaka kubvisa zeolite. Hazvikurudzirwi kuishandisa se substrate yekusingaperi. Pane kudaro, zviri nani kuibvisa uye kushandisa yakajairwa midhiya. Midhiya yakajairika inosanganisira activated kabhoni kana jecha. Mumvura dzemugungwa dzine invertebrates dzinonzwa, kuenderera mberi kushandiswa kusina kurongwa kunogona kushungurudza korals kana kuderedzwa kwezvinovaka muviri zvakanyanya kukurumidza.
Dzivisa iyo kana system yako isina skimmers (mumugungwa), kana ukasaita bvunzo kazhinji kana iyo aquarium iri diki kwazvo: inzira nehasha iyo inoshandura ionic uye biological balance nokukurumidza. Mumvura yakasimwa ine hove, kushandiswa kwenguva refu kunogona kuderedza huwandu hweammonium inowanikwa kune kutenderera kwe nitrogen ye substrate / zvirimwa; shandisa chete pano neapo panguva dzepamusoro.
Pakupedzisira, kushandiswa kwayo pamwe chete nedzimwe nzira dzokuderedza kudya kunoda kubatana: Kana iwe ukashandisa kabhoni masosi uye mabhakitiriya, mwero zeolite mutoro uye tarisa KH, PO4 uye hunhu hwemhuka, sezvo inogona kuderera. KH y phosphate zvikuru.
Kusarudza zeolite uye kwekuisa
Sarudza zeolite zvinoenderana nerudzi rwe aquarium uye chinangwa:
- Mvura inotapiraClinoptilolite mubhegi mesh mukati mesefa. Saizi yepakati (2-5 mm) chiyero chepamusoro nzvimbo / kuyerera. Yakanakira kuvharirwa, kuwandisa, kana NH3/NH4+ kuvhiya.
- Marino: reactor rakagadzirwa masanganiswa (e.g. ZEOvit) ne kuyerera kunodzorwa uye kushungurudzika. Chinangwa ndechekusimudzira nharaunda yebhakitiriya kudzora NO3 uye PO4.
- Yakanaka mechanical lens: diki diki saizi inopa yakakura kuchengetedza, asi inogona kuvhara nekukurumidza; use prefilter.
Mumagaba mafirita, isa iyo mushure memuchina nhanho uye pamberi peiyo biological nhanho kana iwe uchiishandisa se chemist, kana mushure meiyo biological kana iwe uchingotsvaga yekupedzisira polish. Mumabhegi kana mabhokisi, govera mutoro wakaenzana zvakafanana kuitira kuti mvura ipfuure pamusoro penyika yose.
Kuenderana, kusanganiswa uye dosage nhungamiro
Common misanganiswa uye mazano anoshanda:
- Akabvisa kabhoni: inochinjana ne zeolite. Bvisa zeolite kana ammonium ichidzorwa uye shandisa kabhoni ku chepfu uye ruvara.
- Utachiona uye kabhoni: Mugungwa, zeolite-yakavakirwa nzira dzinosanganisira mabhakitiriya strains uye a kudya kwebhakitiriya Kuti uchengetedze sisitimu yakagadzikana, dose zvishoma uye tarisa.
- Skimmers: yakakosha mugungwa kuti ubvise solids uye bacterial biomass inoburitswa mushure mereactor agitation.
- Zvisaririra: zeolite inogona kudhonza chikamu che trace zvinhuMune ekupedzisira-akachena masisitimu, inofunga kuzadzazve zviteshi uye mavhitaminzi zvichienderana nekushandisa.
Nhungamiro dzemashandisirwo kubva kune vagadziri vanozivikanwa dzinoratidza huwandu hunobatsira: 250 ml pa200 litres mukushandiswa kwekemikari kwakajairwa, kana 1 L pa400 L ine kuyerera kwe400 l/h pa L mu reactor uye. kutsiva kwega kwega 6-8 mavhiki. Nguva dzose gadzirisa kune biological load uye mhinduro dzebvunzo dzako.
Kukanganisa kwakajairika uye nzira yekuzvidzivisa
- Isa mutoro wose pakarepo: zvinokonzera kusagadzikana. Inosuma 25-50% uye zviyero mukati memavhiki.
- Pasina pre-sefa: inopfupisa hupenyu. Wedzera pearl donje uye sukurudza zeolite mesh usati washandisa.
- Usayera: Monitor NH3/NH4+, NO2, NO3, PO4, KH, uye redox kana zvichiita. Rongedza zvichibva pane data, kwete neziso.
- Kushaikwa kweokisijeni: High bhakitiriya basa rinopedza O2. Inosimbisa kufamba kwemvura ndokupupa furo.
- Zvinokodzera: dzivisa kusanganiswa nedzimwe nzira dzehasha pasina kuronga (resin ane simba kwazvo, kabhoni overdose).
Inowanzobvunzwa mibvunzo
Zeolite inotora nguva yakareba sei? Pakati pemasvondo matanhatu kusvika masere mukuita kwepamusoro-soro remareactors uye kusvika kumwedzi ingangoita 6-8 mukushandiswa kwemakemikari emvura yakachena, zvichienderana nekurodha uye kuvhara. Kana ukacherechedza kurasikirwa kwekuita, anotsiva.
Ndinorigeza sei? Shamba nemvura ye aquarium kana dechlorinated usati watanga kushandisa kubvisa guruva rakatsetseka. Mune reactors, iyo bishi remazuva ose inoshanda se "kuzvichenesa".
Inokodzera phosphates here? Zvisina kunanga, masisitimu ane zeolite uye mabhakitiriya manejimendi anogona kuderedza PO4. Kana iwe uri kutarisa kudzikisa PO4 nekukurumidza, shandisa chaiyo media (GFO) nenzira inowirirana.
Mumvura diki dzemvura? Kuedza kwayo / njodzi chiyero haina kukosha mumananometers kana iwe usina ruzivo. Zvirinani kuve nekuchinja kwakanaka kwemvura, biological filtration, uye kugara uchigadzirisa.
Ndeipi granulometry yandinofanira kusarudza? Pakati (2-5 mm) sekutanga. Finer inochengeta zvimedu zviri nani asi ndizvo inozadza kare; kukora kunopa kuyerera kwakakura nenzvimbo isina kunyanyonangana.
Zvinyorwa zvepamusoro zveReef Mariners
Mune masisitimu anotungamirwa kune pfupi-polyp yakaoma makorari (SPS), zeolite inobatsira kuchengetedza ultra-low kudya kunovaka muviri ane mamwe mavara akanyanya. Mumakorari akapfava uye LPS mamwe masimisheni haashivirire kudonha nekukurumidza muNO3/PO4: cherechedza machira uye polyp uye gadzirisa mutoro. Kana iwe ukaona kamwe-kamwe maitiro asina kunaka, Kuderedza huwandu hwe zeolite kana kuti reactor inoyerera.
Panguva yekushandiswa, inogona kuderedza KH; itarise uye uibhadharire neyako yekugovera system (kalkwasser, balling, kana calcium reactor). Rangarira kuti munzvimbo dzemugungwa, iyo yakakwira ionic charge yemvura inobvisa ammonium kubva kune zeolite, saka basa rayo guru ndere. zvipenyu uye isiri-kemikari. Pasina skimmers uye pasina kutonga kwebhakitiriya / carbonic dosages, nzira inorasikirwa nekubudirira uye inogona kuva isina kuenzana.
Zvinyorwa uye mareferensi
Kuwedzera uye kusiyanisa ruzivo, zvinotevera zvakatorwa sehwaro: magwaro ehunyanzvi kubva kune vanogadzira (semuenzaniso, Seachem Zeolite Fact Sheets uye User Guides), reactor nzira ine zeolite musanganiswa (semuenzaniso ZEOvit ine 1 L pa400 L nhungamiro uye inokurudzirwa kuyerera mwero), uye zvirevo zve activated natural zeolite yakanangana neiyo aquariums (kuchinjana masimba, saizi yezviyo, uye yakanaka particle kuchengetedza). Pamusoro pezvo, kurudziro inoshanda inogamuchirwa zvakanyanya nevemugungwa uye yemvura yakachena aquarist nharaunda yakabatanidzwa.
Aya mafirita anogona kuiswa nyore nyore mukati mefivha yakamanikidzwa uye inobvumira kutonga kwe aquarium coloration, kuwedzera kune izvo zvakataurwa neammonia uye biological filters. inoshanda chaizvo mune idzo aquarium dzine vanhu vakawanda, sezvo munzvimbo idzi mabasa ekugadzirisa achadikanwa nekuda kwekuwanda kwemarara mamorekuru.
Izvo zvakakosha kuti udzivise matambudziko aanogona kuburitsa nekuda kwesimba rayo rakakura rekushandura mamorekuru. Zvayo, Tinofanira kuiisa zvishoma nezvishoma kwemavhiki akati wandeiNenzira iyi, tichave tichiwana hove mukati kuti ienderane nekuchinja kwemakemikari munharaunda.
Zvinofanira kutaurwa kuti nekuda kwekuita kwebhakitiriya, Hazvikurudzirwi kuchengeta zeolite yakaiswa kweanopfuura mwedzi mitatu. Muzvizhinji zvisiri-reactor zvikumbiro, mune yakakwirira-inoshanda marine reactors, kutsiva yega 6-8 masvondo anokurudzirwa kuchengetedza mashandiro ehurongwa uye kugadzikana.
Zeolite chinhu chakakosha chakasikwa icho, kana chakashandiswa zvine hungwaru, chinovandudza kujeka kwemvura, anodzora ammonia mune zvinotapira uye inopa hwaro bhakitiriya Yakasimba mumvura. Kuti uwane zvakanyanya kubva pazviri, gara uchitanga zvishoma nezvishoma, zviise mushure mekutanga kusefa, zunza kana ukashandisa reactor uye. monitors parameters. Nenzira iyi, yako aquarium inobatsirwa kubva kune yakagadzikana uye yakachena-yakachena mvura pasina kukanganisa hutano hwayo. de peces uye invertebrates.