Zvichida, kana tichitaura nezvenyika yemvura, hove dzinogara dzichiuya mupfungwa. Idzi ndidzo mhuka dzinonyanya hunhu dzerudzi urwu rwekugara, uye ndizvo chaizvo nekuda kwe zvakasiyana-siyana mumhando dzayo, mavara avo, maitiro, nezvimwewo. Hapana mubvunzo kuti mukati meboka iri rezvisikwa tinogona kuratidza zvakawanda, asi zvichida swordfish ndeimwe yezvinoshamisa zvikuru.
Swordfish yave iripo muhupenyu hwevanhu nekuda kwezvikonzero zvakawanda, nekuti zvakatinakidza kubva panguva dzekare. Nekudaro, panogona kuve nevazhinji venyu vasingazive zvinhu zvikuru nezvake, uye ichi ndicho chikonzero nei takaita chinyorwa ichi. Pano, iwe isu tichapa ruzivo rwakakura iyo yaunogona kujairana nayo neinoshamisafishfish.
nesainzi inozivikanwa se Xiphias gladius, hove inonzi swordfish a Marine bony hove vari vehurongwa Perciformes uye chete nhengo yemhuri XiphiidaeInotama zvakanyanya, ine stylized silhouette uye yakakurumbira flattened "beak" inoipa zita rayo. Munzvimbo dzakasiyana, inonziwo mambo, swordfish o palatal tsono; iyo dzimwe nguva inovhiringidzika ne "mako shark", asi iyo yekupedzisira ndeye shark, kwete swordfish, saka zvakanakisisa kudzivisa kuvhiringidzika ikoko. Zita rayo remadunhurirwa rokuti "gladiator" rinoreva chimiro chayo uye chombo chayo chechisikigo.
Swordfish nzvimbo
Pane zviitiko apo mhuka yakawanda inokosha ndiko, kunonyanya kuoma kuwana. Mutemo uyu haugone kushandiswa kune swordfish.
Mapfumo hove dzinogara munenge mumakungwa ese epasi. Ehezve, haisi nzvimbo dzese dzakashambidzwa nemvura yegungwa kune ako aunoda. Ivo vane yakasimba kusarudzwa kwe inodziya mhando mvura, senge dzinopisa uye dzinopisa. Kazhinji, vanofamba munzvimbo dziri padyo nepamusoro pevhu, idzo tembiricha inokomberedza iyo 15 ºC. Kune rimwe divi, ichokwadi kuti havazi ivo chete vanongogara vachienda kumatunhu aya, asi pakave nezviitiko, uye zvinopfuura imwe, umo vakaonekwa mumvura inotonhorera, kunyangwe tichisimbirira kuti haisi iyo yakajairika .
Mukutaura kweoceanographic, kugovera kwayo kunobata anenge pakati 45° chamhembe latitude uye 45° maodzanyemba latitude, nekuda kwenzvimbo dzavanoungana Mafungu egungwa uye kune kubereka kwepamusoro. Vanopa maitiro ezuva nezuva akatwasuka: Masikati anoburukira mumvura yakadzika uye kutonhora uye usiku vanokwira kusvika pamusoro pezvikamu zvekudyisa. Kunyangwe vachifarira tembiricha iri pamusoro pe15 ºC, vanogona kuita basa kwenguva pfupi mumvura iri pedyo ne5 ºC tenda kune akakosha physiological adaptations.
Kana isu tichida kunyatsojeka uye kutumidza nzvimbo dzinowanzozivikanwa dzeSwordfish, isu tinowana inotevera runyorwa: kuchamhembe kwePeru, North Hawaii, kumabvazuva kweJapan uye zvikamu zve Mekisiko y United States. Kunzvimbo idzi dzehuwandu hwepamusoro dzinowedzerwa nzvimbo dzekumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumabvazuva kwePacific (kusanganisira zvikamu zve Chile) uye nzvimbo dze Mediterranean uko kune nzvimbo dzechinyakare dzekuberekesa.
Huru hunhu hwefishfish
Sezvatakambotaura pakutanga kwechinyorwa chino, swordfish, rine zita resainzi Xiphias gladius, Ndiyo imwe yehove dzinokatyamadza zvikuru dzakambovapo. Chakavanzika cheichi chiitiko chiri mune rake remadunhurirwa.
Muromo wakareba, wakanongedza wehove iyi chiratidzo chayo. zvisingakanganisi. Ichi chimiro chepfupa chinoda kufanana nebakatwa rebakatwa refu, rinoshandiswa rwisa mhuka dzavo y dzivirirai kune zvikara. Kusiyana marlins (seilfish), “muromo” wefishfish wakawanda flattened sei conical.
Kupfuura muromo unotyisa iwoyo, Swordfish ine muviri muhombe. Uye, hongu, kana tichiti hombe, tinoreva hombe. Mienzaniso yakawanikwa yasvika kupfuura 4 metres y kudarika 500 kg, ine zvinyorwa zviri pedyo ne 540 makirogiramuMuviri uyu unowanzopa mimvuri rima rebhuruu kana dema kuseri nekumativi, ne dumbu resirivhaZvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti maererano nekuumbwa kwemuviri, vakadzi vanonyanya kusimba kupfuura varume.
Chimwe chinhu chakasarudzika ndechekuti vanhu vakuru vanopera mazino namakwande; ganda ravo rinova rakatsetseka uye muromo wavo, usina mazino anoshanda, unobhadhara nekushandiswa kwe bakatwaIyo dorsal fin inoshanduka nekukura: mupwere inogona kureba uye yobva yaita chipande chimwe chete painokura.
Kupesana nezvinofungwa dzimwe nguva, iyo swordfish haina kunyanya ectothermic: ine regional endothermy (chimiro chechikamu che "homeothermy"). Nyanzvi dzenhengo maziso anodziya uye uropi, zvichikutendera kuti uchengetedze kusvika 10-15 ºC kumusoro yemvura yakapoteredza; izvi zvakanyanya kunatsiridza yayo chiratidzo uye kugona kwayo kwehudzvinyiriri mumvura inotonhora, yakadzika.
Chekupedzisira, taura kuti ivo hove dzine chiratidzo chikuru uye semutemo, kusurukirwaMuviri wavo wehydrodynamic uye mhasuru dzine simba zvinovapa a kukurumidza uye agility zvinoshamisa, kiyi yemaitiro avo ekuvhima uye kutamira kure kure.
Swordfish kudya
Kuva nechombo chine simba kunge muromo wayo unopinza uye wakanangisa, zvinofungidzira izvo swordfish maitiro ari pane anodya. Kana iwe uchifunga izvozvo, wakarurama.
Ndidzo dzimwe dzehove idzodzo unyanzvi hwakanakisisa vane pfuma yekuvhima nyika. Uyezve, hazvichatsamiri chete pane icho chombo chatinosimbisa zvakanyanya, asi kumhanya uye kugona mukufamba kwayo inoiwanisa ine hukuru hwakanyanya hunoparadza.
Pakati pemhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzezvipenyu zvataigona kuisa sezvingangobatwa neswordfish pane dzimwe hove dzakadai mackerels, hake, tuna, barracudas, Hove dzinobhururuka uye mackerel. Kwavari tinogonawo kuwedzera zvimwe crustaceans uye pamusoro pezvose, cephalopods kunge squid. Dzimwe nguva "vanocheka" zvikoro de peces nekufamba kwebakatwa kwebakatwa kuti irove mhuka yayo isati yaimedza.
Kuberekerwa
Swordfish mhuka oviparous, zvinoreva kuti vanozvarwa kubva kumazai. Nzira yekuberekesa inoitika kuburikidza ne nzira yekunze yekudyara (Vakadzi vanoregedza mazai mumvura, ayo anozogumisirwa nemurume wemurume), uye zvinonzwisisika kuti vanhurume vanosvika mukukura pabonde pamberi pevakadzi.
Kubereka mazai kunoitika mukati megore rose, saka Swordfish haina nguva chaiyo yekubereka munzvimbo dzinodziya; mumvura yakadzikama kana inotonhora, kubereka kunowanikwa mukati chirimo nezhizhaNzvimbo dzakasarudzwa dzinowanzova makungwa eCaribbean, mahombekombe e Florida and the Gulf yeMexico, kuwedzera kune nzvimbo dze Mediterranean uye nzvimbo dzePacific dzine mvura inodziya pamusoro pemvura; kubereka kunogona kuitika pamusoro 75 m kudzika.
Chimwe chokwadi, chinopfuura kungoda kuziva, ndechekuti vanhukadzi vanokwanisa kuchengeta hapana chimwe uye hapana chakaderera pane Miriyoni 1 kusvika ku29 mazai. Ichokwadi kuti pahukuru hwehove idzi, mazai acho ari madiki kwazvo, haatombokura pane iwo 2 millimeters muhupamhi (kazhinji pakati 1,6 uye 1,8 mm) Varume kazhinji akura kare (approx. pakati 3 uye 4 makore) uye vakadzi gare gare (4-5 makore), uye hapana kutarisirwa kwevabereki kwakanyorwa mushure mekuisa, sezvo mazai anonyura mu plankton.
Embryonic kukura inokurumidza uye makonye kubuda diki, pedyo ne 4 mamirimitaMumatanho ayo ekutanga, muviri unenge usina zvachose pigmentation; muromo unotanga kuumba kare Uye sezvavanokura, chikamu chepamusoro chinova chakareba kupfuura chikamu chepasi, chichitora chimiro chevadiki. Iyo dorsal fin yevadiki inogona kuenderera nechikamu chakanaka chemusana isati yachinja, sezvavanokura, kuva chimiro chevakuru.
Zvikara zvakasikwa uye dziviriro
Swordfish yakura ine zvikara zvishoma zvakasikwa nekuda kwehukuru hwavo, kukurumidza uye chombo chepamberi. Pakati pezvinonyanya kuzivikanwa ndezve orca and the shortfin mako, shark inokurumidza zvikuru (mako shark) inokwanisa kutarisana nevakuru, kunyange zvazvo iri pangozi: mako sharks dzimwe nguva akawanikwa ane rostrum dzakaiswa. The juveniles, kune rumwe rutivi, vane ngozi zvikuru zvikara zvakakura zvepelagic. Munondo unoshanda se kudzivirira kudzivirira uye semudziyo wekupukunyuka.
Zvipembenene uye utano
Dzakatsanangurwa makumi emarudzi ezvipembenene mu swordfish, kusanganisira waive nawo, nematodes (sa anisakis), myxozoans y copepodsMamwe makonye e anisakis shanda se biological labels kusiyanisa vanhu (semuenzaniso, pakati peAtlantic neMediterranean). Dzimwe nguva, vanogona kutevedzera remoras y mwenje, uye cookie cutter shark inosiya mavara akatenderera paganda.
Kukosha kwekubata hove uye nzira dzekubata
Swordfish ndiye a mhando dzekufarira kukuru kwekutengeserana uye zvakare chinangwa che mutambo wehoveNhoroondo yakatorwa ne harpoon Mune mamwe matunhu, nzira ichiri yechinyakare mune dzimwe nzvimbo. Parizvino, nzira yakapararira ndeye surface longline kana yehudzamu hukuru, iyo inotora mukana wetsika yayo yekugara zvakadzika mukati mezuva. Zvakajairika kushandisa zviredzo zvose (mackerel, herring, red mullet, bonito kana squid), uye kunyange zvinokwezva nazvo chiedza kuvakwezva mumvura yakadzika.
Muzvikepe zvemitambo, midziyo yakasimba uye dzimwe nguva huremu hwemakirogiramu akati wandei hunodiwa kuti usvike kudzika kwakakwana masikati, uye usiku zviredzo zvinoiswa zvisina kudzika. Kunyange zvazvo vasingawanzorwisa vanhu, vanogona kuva nengozi Kana vakuvadzwa kana kurohwa, nokuda kwesimba remunondo wavo uye kurwisa kwavo.
Kushandiswa, kukosha kwekudya uye mazano
Como Hove yebhuruu, swordfish inopa mapuroteni ekukwirira kwehupenyumafuta ane hutano ane omega-3 (zvinobatsira zve omega-3) uye zvicherwa. Semutungamiri, by 100 d mafuta asina kuchena anogovera kumativi 170 kcal, kumativi 8 g mafuta, pedyo 23 g yeprotein, uye zvicherwa zvakadai mutambo, potasiamu, magnesio y sodium nemari ine mwero. Hunhu hunogona kusiyana zvichienderana nekucheka, kwakabva, uye nzira yekubika.
Su nutritional profile inotsigira hutano hunobatsira, kunyange zvakakosha kufunga nezve mabviro y kuwanda kwekushandisaSechikara chihombe cheapex, swordfish inogona kuungana mercury (methylmercury) munyama yake mazuva ose oupenyu hwake. Nekungwara. vana y vakadzi vane pamuviri kana vanoyamwisa anofanira ganhurira kana kudzivisa kushandiswa kwayo, uye kune vamwe vanhu vose zvinokurudzirwa kuidya zvine mwero uye kuichinjanisa nemhando dze yakaderera trophic levelKana usina chokwadi, zvinokurudzirwa kubvunza a nyanzvi yezvehutano kana a Nyanzvi dzezvehutano.
Kuchengetedza mamiriro uye kutyisidzira
Isu tinovimba isu takakuzivisa iwe kune zvishoma zvishoma nezve swordfish, izvo zvinosuruvarisa mukuderera nekuda kwechikamu chikuru kune iyo hove dzisingasarudze, zvichipiwa kuti ndeimwe yemarudzi anofarira kuvapo kukuru mukudya kwevanhu. Yakawedzerwa kune iyi makwikwi ezvekudya nemamwe makuru pelagics uye bycatch mukubata hove kusina kunanga. Zviyero zve kubata hove, saizi shoma, muripo uye nzira dzakanakisa dze kuderedza kubata ndiwo akakosha pakusimba.
Swordfish chikara chinonakidza uye chakakosha chepelagic ecosystems: asinganeti kushambira ane yakasarudzika physiology uye hukuru hwetsika uye gastronomic kukosha. Kuziva kwayo habitat, bhayoroji y zvinodiwa kuchengetedza inobatsira kuikoshesa zvirinani uye kuipedza nayo mutoro, kuve nechokwadi chekuvapo kwavo mumakungwa kuzvizvarwa zvinotevera.
