Imwe yemaitiro akakosha ehupenyu muzvinhu zvipenyu uye, pamusoro pezvose, kune avo vanogara mumagungwa ecosystems ndiyo osmoregulation, inozivikanwawo se osmotic chiyero.
Maitiro ese emagetsi anodikanwa muhupenyu anoitika mune yakasviba kana svikiro svikiro. Nekushanda chaiko kwemaitiro aya, zvinodikanwa kuti kuwanda kwemvura uye solutes (ese akadzika mamorekuru uremu makomputa anobatsira kuchengetedza iyo osmotic chiyero) oscillate mukati memakungwa mashoma, mune imwe nzira inonzi osmoregulation.
Tinogona kutsanangura iyo osmoregulation senzira inochengetedza homeostasis yemuviri, chinova chimwe chinhu kunze kwekugona kwezvinhu zvipenyu kuchengetedza mamiriro avo emukati akatsiga zvichienderana neshanduko dzinogona kuitika kunze kwenyika kuburikidza nekuchinjana kwenyaya nesimba zvakafanana.
Zvese izvi zvinotarisisa zvinoenderana nekudzora kusuduruka kwesolute mune zvemukati zvemvura uye izvo zviri munharaunda. Izvi zvinotitungamira kumutemo wekufamba kwemvura ichiita basa rakakosha.
Iyi mirau yekufamba kwemvura inoitwa na osmosis, chinova chiitiko chemuviri chinoenderana nekufamba kwemvura inonyungudika inopfuura nepakati peyero inokwanisika. Ichi chiitiko chinomuka nekuda kwekupararira kuri nyore kusingade kushandiswa kwesimba uye izvo zvinova zvakakosha kune chaiyo maseru maseru metabolism yezvinhu zvipenyu.
Muchidimbu, uye sepfupiso, iyo osmoregulation inotibatsira kuti tiwedzere solutes zviripo mukati mezvisikwa (semuenzaniso: masero) uye nharaunda inozvikomberedza, zvinowanzo dzikamisa pachayo kuburikidza nekufamba uye kuyerera kunoyambuka semi-inokwanisika membrane. Mamiriro ezvinhu akadaro anotibvumira kudzora iyo kushushikana kwekumanikidza (kumanikidzwa kunoitwa kuitira kumisa kumwe kuyerera kweye solvent inopinda mu membrane).
Osmotic chiyero mumhuka
Mune mhuka zhinji, zvinwiwa zvinopa masero zviri zvikoi zvichienzaniswa nezvinwiwa zvinogara mukati memasero. Izvi zvinorevei? Zvakanaka, zvinwiwa zvemukati nekunze kwemasero zvine kushushikana kwekumanikidza zvakafanana. Uku kudzivirira sero kubva pakuzvimba zvakanyanya, sezvingaitika mu hypotonic mhinduro, kana kuunyana, chimwe chinhu chinoitika mu mhinduro dzehypertonic.
Kugona kuchengeta izvo zvinwiwa zvikoi Pamativi ese maviri eiyo membrane yeplasma, izvo zvavanoita kushandisa huwandu hwesimba iro ravanokwanisa kupomba Na + kubva mukati mechitokisi kunze kuburikidza nekutakura kwekufambisa.
Masero emhuka anoona mune mhinduro zvikoi svikiro rakaringana rekushanda kwayo kwakakodzera uye kusimudzira. Kune rimwe divi, mune zvirimwa hazvina kudaro. Dyara masero anowanikwa mu mhinduro zvikoi vanogona kutambura nekurasikirwa kwakasimba ne turgor, nekuti aya maseru anokwanisa kuchengetedza musero ravo madziro huwandu hwakawanda hwesori iyo yavanowana nayo yakakura vhoriyamu uye kusimba.
Osmorregulation mumhuka dzemumvura
Mhuka dzemumvura dzakakwanisa kuchinjika kune yakawanda yakasanganiswa yenzvimbo dzekugara, kubva pamvura nyowani (iine mashoma kwazvo solutes) kune yakakwira munyu mvura (yakawanda kwazvo ye solutes). Izvi zvakavaita kuti vatarisane nematambudziko ekugadziriswa kweiyo osmotic chiyero zvakasiyana kwazvo kubva kune mumwe nemumwe. Uye zvakare, zvakakodzera kutaura kuti yega yega mhuka kana mhuka inoshanda mukati mehuwandu hweosmotic kusangana kwenzvimbo yakapihwa.
Mune ino kesi, tinogona kusiyanisa pakati pe:
- Pinholes: zvisikwa zvinoregedza yakamanikana renji yemunyu zvakajairika zvekunze nharaunda, zvisinei nekuti imvura nyowani kana mvura yemunyu.
- Euryhalines: zvisikwa zvinobvumidza huwandu hwakawanda kwazvo hwesaridhi hwakajairwa nenzvimbo yekunze, zvisinei nekuti imvura nyowani kana mvura yemunyu.
Kunyanya, pane nzira mbiri dzekuita kuti uwane zvakamirirwa kwenguva refu osmoregulation.
Pakutanga tinoratidzwa ne osmoconformism, zvinoreva mhuka idzo dziri mu osmotic chiyero inogara nharaunda yavanogara, vachiita mhuka zvikaoma nenzvimbo yayo yakasikwa. Iwo anowanzo ari zvipuka anonyanya kuwanikwa mumvura yakachena, kunyange hazvo mamwe achizviita mumvura isina kuchengetedzeka ine munyu.
Uye, mune yechipiri, isu tine mhuka vapereviews, iyo inofanirwa kuyedza kuchengetedza iyo osmotic balance nenharaunda yavo. Izvi zvinoreva kuti simba remubhadharo rinosiyana zvichienderana nekukwanisika kweganda kana nzvimbo yekunze kwemhuka. Izvo zvinofanirwa kutaurwawo kuti kana iyo osmolarity emvura yemuviri yakakura kudarika iya yezvakatipoteredza, isu takatarisana nemhuka hyperosmotic. Nekudaro, kana iri diki kwazvo, isu tichati imhuka hypoosmotic.
Osmoregulation mune hove yemvura yakachena
Muhove dzemvura isina mvura, ion concentration mumitumbi yavo yakanyanyisa kupfuura mumvura. Izvi zvinokonzeresa kuwanda kwemvura kunopinda nepepithelium yemagill uye nemuviri wako wese kusvika mukati.
Izvi zvinogadziriswa nekuda kwekuti itsvo yeiyi set de peces inoburitsa weti yakawanda. Kune izvi tinofanira kuwedzera kuti kuburikidza nekuva nemusanganiswa wemunyu kuti mvura pachayo yavanogara mairi, vanorasikirwa electrolyte, iyo yavanofanira kuripa nekutora munyu kuburikidza nemagill avo.
Osmoregulation muhove yemvura yemunyu
Mukati me osmoregulation Zvehove dzemvura yemunyu, kana hove dzemumvura, zvinopesana ndezve izvo zvehama dzemvura yakachena. Mune ino kesi, mvura iri kuramba ichiyerera ichipinda mukati memuviri wehove ichienda kunze. Iyo ions iyo inochengetera mvura inopinda mumuviri wemhuka iyi kuburikidza nemumhepo. Izvi zvinogona kutungamira kuchinetso chakakomba, icho chiri chimwe kunze kwenjodzi yekushaya mvura mumuviri.
Kuti udzivise kupera mvura mumvura, hove dzemumvura dzinogara dzichinyudza huwandu hwemvura, uye munyu wakawandisa unogadzirwa unodzingwa kunze nenzira nhatu: ndove, weti uye magera pachawo.
El osmotic chiyero, a priori, zvingaratidzika sechinhu chakaoma zvikuru uye chakaoma kunzwisisa. Nekudaro, yakakosha pahupenyu, nekuti zvipenyu zvese zvinoenderana nazvo. Izvo zvakakoshawo kuti ive inozivikanwa nevose avo vanoda hove, nekuti nenzira iyi ivo vanogona kunzwisisa zviri nani maitiro emukati emhuka dzavo. Tinovimba isu takakwanisa kukubatsira uye kujekesa kumwe kusahadzika maererano nenyaya iyi inonetesa.