Kana isu tatanga kuve ne aquarium uye isu tinosuma hove mukati mayo, zvakajairika kuve neiyo guppy hove. Iyo ndeimwe yehove dzinozivikanwa uye dzinozivikanwa kwazvo, kunyanya kune avo vanotangira mupasi rino. Nekudaro, vanhu vazhinji vane kusahadzika kana zvasvika pakusimbisa iyo Musiyano pakati pehove dzechirume nedzechikadzi.
Muchikamu chino tichakuudza zvese maitiro ehove yeguppy uye chii chiri Musiyano pakati pehove dzechirume nedzechikadzinemanomano ekuona, nhungamiro yekutarisira uye matipi ekudzivirira kushushikana uye kuwandisa matambudziko.
Hove yeguppy
Hove idzi ndedzerudzi rwemunzvimbo dzinopisa uye dzinogara mumvura yakachena. Ivo vanobva kuSouth America uye ndevemhuri yePoeciliidae. Ivo vane mukurumbira kwazvo nekuda kweruvara rwavo runoshamisa; chokwadi, dzinozivikanwawo se mamiriyoni ehove nekuda kwehukuru hwakakura hwemaumbirwo uye mapatani anowanikwa mumvura dzemvura. Kune vanenge 300 mhando dzehove idzi uye dzinenge dzose dzine marudzi akasiyana emavara, saizi uye maumbirwo emuswe.
Kazhinji imhuka dzine rugare zvikuru dzinogara dzichishambira dziri mumapoka nguva dzose. Vashahwi vanoshingaira Uye unovawana vachifamba-famba. Chiyero chinokurudzirwa chekuchengeta guppies muaquarium vanhu vana pamakumi mashanu ega ega emvura. Nenzira iyi, vanozove nenzvimbo yakakwana yekuzadzisa zvavanoda uye kugara nedzimwe hove. Su upenyu hunotarisirwa Inowanzogara kwemakore anoverengeka mumamiriro ezvinhu akanaka, nemvura yemhando uye kudya kwakasiyana.
Kazhinji tinogona kuona varume vachidzingirira hadzi kuti vadzidavire. Izvi zvakanakira kuti hukama pakati pehove idzi husimbe. ndeyekumisikidza chiyero chemurume mumwe chete pavakadzi vese 3-4Izvi zvinoderedza kugara uchinetsa kwemurume uye zvinoita kuti hadzi dzisanyanya kunetseka. Kana iwe ukaona hove dzako dzichigara dzakavanda, zvinoratidza kuti dziri kurwara kana kuratidza zviratidzo zvekutambudzika. zviratidzo zvekushushikana zvakawandisa. Stress kazhinji inobva kuwandisa kwevanhu mu aquarium, mvura isina kunaka kana nekuti zvavanoda hazvisi kuzadzikiswa.
Musiyano uripo pakati pemurume nemukadzi guppy hove
Pane misiyano yakajeka pakati pevarume nevakadzi guppies. Chekutanga, Varume idiki kuti vakadzi uye kazhinji vanoratidza mamwe akanyanya mavaraUyezve, ivo vanosiyaniswa nemhedzi yavo yekumashure, yakagadziridzwa kuita nhengo yekukopa inonzi mhuno. gonopodium.
Misiyano yavo yepabonde haina kunyanya kusiyana nevanhu, sezvo ivo vane imwe X chromosome uye imwe Y chromosome. Kusanganiswa kweXX kunobereka vakadzi; kusanganiswa kweXY kunoguma nevarume. Guppies vanosvika kukura pabonde Kubva pamwedzi 3-4 zvichienda mberi, panguva iyo varume vanotoratidza gonopodium uye yakatsanangurwa ruvara.
Size
ari Vanhukadzi vanowanzoyera zvakawanda (approx. 4-5 cm kana kupfuura zvichienderana mutsara), ukuwo Varume vanenge 2-3 cmIchi chiratidzo chinokurumidza uye chinobatsira mumapoka evechidiki, kunyange zvazvo chinogara chichisimbiswa nemamwe maitiro.
Mutumbi
Gonopodium yemurume irebed fin inoshandiswa kutamisa urume kumukadzi. Hadzi haina gonopodium uye ine mbichana yakaita sefunnel. pfupi fan. ari dumbu remurume Mutete uye mutete; the dumbu remukadzi Yakatenderedzwa zvakanyanya uye a mimba nzvimbo rima gwapa (gravid spot) pedyo nerekumashure kunopedza nhumbu kana uine pamuviri.
Zvipenga
Muvarume, the dorsal uye caudal fin Dzinoda kureba, kupamhama, uye dzakarongwa, dzine maumbirwo akaita sevheiri muswe, mbira, kana katatu. Muvakadzi, zvimbi ndizvo mapfupi uye akangwara, ine zvishoma zvakasiyana-siyana zvezvimiro mukuyerera.
ruvara
Varume vakajeka mamwe mavara uye kuratidza mapatani pamiviri yavo nemumiswe. Vanhukadzi kazhinji vane muviri zvakanyanya kudhakwa kana neruvara rwakanyarara, uchiisa rumwe ruvara mumutsara wecaudal pamutsara. Iyi dimorphism ndiyo imwe yeanokurumidza kuzivikanwa makiyi.
Guppy fertilization ndeyemukati: gonopodium inopinzwa mubeche remukadzi, ichiburitsa urume. Mazai anobva akura mugomba mukati medumbu remukadzi. Guppies vane ovoviviparousKureva kuti mazai anoumbwa uye anokura mukati memukadzi kusvikira achechenya uye vana vakakwana vazvarwa.
Misiyano muvara
Tinogonawo kuwana kusiyana kwemavara. Kune zvisingaverengeki misanganiswa yeizvi. de pecesSezvatataura, hove idzi dzinodanwa de peces murarabungu. Zvinonyanya kuwanikwa kuwana ruvara rwakati piriviri pahafu yepamusoro yehove uye neruvara rwakajeka kumusana, kunyanya muhove. muswe fininova imwe yezvimiro zvayo zvinotsanangura.
Mamwe marudzi anogona kuwanikwa aine chitarisiko chesimbi nekuti anacho iridophoresAya masero asina ruvara anoratidza chiedza, achigadzira kuyevedza kweiridescent. Kunyangwe panogona kunge paine mitsara ine vanhurume vane mavara akaderedzwa, kazhinji iyo Varume vanowedzera mavara kupfuura vakadzi. Iyi criterion, yakasanganiswa negonopodium, inobvumira kuita zvepabonde chaiko.
Kuti udzivise kushushikana kwehove, chakanakira kuchengetedza chiyero chemurume mumwe chete pavakadzi vese 3-4Zvikasadaro, isu tichava nematambudziko mu aquarium nekuda kwekunyanya kushushikana. Kune rumwe rutivi, vakadzi vanowana kunetswa kwakawanda; pane imwe, varume vanonzwa zvakanyanya kumanikidzwa. kwikwidzana pakati pavo kana paine vashoma vakadzi mienzaniso muboka.
Kuberekerwa
Kunzwisisa mutsauko pakati pevarume nevakadzi guppies kwakakosha pakuberekesa hove idzi muaquarium. Fry yacho inozvarira mukati mechibereko chemukadzi. Gestation inotora mazuva anenge 28Iyo incubation nguva inogona kurebesa kana kupfupika zvichienderana nekupisa, kudya, zera remukadzi, uye nhanho yekushushikana. Kazhinji, mumvura inodziya mukati mehuwandu hwayo, nguva yacho inogona kupfupiswa nemazuva mashoma.
Mukadzi anogona kubereka chero kubva pamakumi mashoma kusvika kune anopfuura 100 fryzvichienderana nehukuru hwavo, zera, uye genetic line. Pavanozvarwa, fry yakatenderedza 4-6 mamirimita kureba, uye kubva panguva imwechete vanogona kudya chikafu chakakodzera saizi yavo (yakapwanyika flakes, microfood kana artemia nauplii).
Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti guppies anogona idya mhuru dzadzoTinochengetedza sei fry? Mazuva vasati vachechenya, zviri nani kuendesa hadzi kune diki aquarium kana birthing penuye woisa zvirimwa zvinoyangarara kana kuti mosi kuti zviwanire pokugara. Kana yangozvara, hadzi inodzoserwa kumvura huru kuti isadya pwere.
Kuti a optimal care Aya anotevera maitiro anokurudzirwa kune idzi mhuka dziri mu aquarium:
- Temperatura ye aquarium iri pakati pe18 ne28 ºC.
- pH yemvura mumitengo ye7-8.
- El dGH (kuoma) kubva pa10 kusvika ku25 ° GH.
- Zvokudya 1 kana 2 kanomwe pazuva.
- Mvura inoshanduka pavhiki zvishoma zvishoma zve25%.
Sekusimbisa, inobatsira kubatanidza sefa uye oxygenator kuchengetedza mvura yakachena uye iine oxygen, pamwe chete nezvinomera zvakawanda, kusanganisira zvinomera zvinoyangarara izvo zvinowedzera kunzwa kwekuchengeteka uye kuderedza kushungurudzika.
Zvokudya
Guppies ndizvo omnivores uye vanogamuchira zvakasiyana-siyana zvekudya: maflakes emhando, chikafu chakaomeswa nechando (mosquito larvae, munyu shrimp), chikafu chakaomeswa nechandoZvokudya zvipenyu nemiriwo. Kunotsinhanisa kunopfumisa kudya kwavo, kunonatsiridza ruvara, uye kunonatsiridza kubereka.
Mutemo wakapfava ndewokupa chete mari yavanogona kushandisa mairi Inenge maminitsi gumi1-2 nguva pazuva. Dzivisa kudyisa: chikafu chisina kudyiwa chinosvibisa aquarium, simudza nitrogen mazinga, uye kukurudzira zvirwereMune fry, ipai zvidiki uye zvinogara zvichidyiwa zvine zvidimbu zvakanaka kana nauplii, kutarisira kunaka kwemvura.
Aquarium inokurudzirwa kune guppies
Kunyange zvazvo dziri hove duku, dzinoda nzvimbo yekushambira uye kushamwaridzana. A aquarium inenge 40 litres Kutanga, kuverenga kwakapoteredza 5 litres pahove imwe neimwe Mukutanga setups. Kukwirira vhoriyamu kunoreva kugadzikana kukuru kwehurongwa uye mashoma ekusvibisa maspikes.
Iyo aquarium inofanira kuva zvinomera zvakasikwa nenzvimbo dzokuvanda. Zvirimwa zvinoyangarara zvinobatsira kuparadzira mwenje, kuderedza kushushikana, uye kupa dziviriro kune fry. Inokurudzirwa kushandisa a biological filter yakagadziridzwa kune tangi vhoriyamu uye ive nechokwadi chekuti aeration yakanaka. Dzivisa zvigadzirwa ne mhangura sulphate mumvura, sezvo ichikuvadza kune guppies uye mamwe invertebrates.
Nezve kugarisana, chengetedza chiyero 1 murume: 3-4 vakadzi kuderedza kushungurudzwa uye kuvabvumira kushambira mukati mapokaTarisa ma paramita vhiki nevhiki uye ita shanduko yemvura nguva dzose kuchengetedza hutano hwako.
Hutano hwakajairika nezvirwere
Guppies ihove dzakasimba kana mhando yemvura yakanaka. Apo iyo parameters inova isina kuenzana Kana kuti kune kuwandisa kwevanhu, uye mabhakitiriya nemaparasite zvinoonekwa. Pakati pezvinetso zvinowanzoitika ndezvi:
- Chirwere chewhite spot (Ich): Mavara machena anoonekwa pamuviri uye zvimbi; hove inogona kukwesha pazvinhu uye kuratidza kufema nekukurumidza.
- Chirwere cheVelvet (Oodinium): yakanaka velvety coating, chena kana goridhe; kusava nehanya uye zvimbi zvakapetwa.
Kudzivirira izvi, chengetedza a kugadzirisa maitiro (kuchinja kwemvura, kunyorovesa kuzasi, kucheneswa kwesefa), dzivirira kudyisa, remekedza kuwanda de peces y kuiswa kunzvimbo yausingasangani nevamwe Ongorora zvidhori zvitsva usati wazvisuma. Tarisa zviratidzo zvekushushikana: zvimbi zvakapetwa, kugara uchihwanda, kana kurasikirwa kweruvara.
Mazhinji emuswe marudzi uye maumbirwo
Guppies vanosiyaniswa nechimiro chavo muswe fin uye nemavara avo. Pakati pemiswe yakajairika tinowana: fan, tsono, mureza, minondo miviri, munondo wakaderera, bakatwa repamusoro, Lira, pala, Punta, velo, denderedzwa y mativi matatuKana ari mavara uye mapatani, kune mitsetse tsvuku, yero, bhuruu, girinhi, nhema uye mapatani akafanana mosaic o mbadaIyo guppy inozivikanwa zvakare Endler, mumavara akajeka uye esimbi.
Kunyatso kudoma bonde ravo, kuvapa nzvimbo, zvidyarwa, uye chikafu chakasiyana-siyana zvinokutendera kuti unakirwe neanoshanda guppies ane mavara anopenya uye inodzorwa kuberekana. Nekutarisirwa kwekutanga uye kutarisisa kune zviratidzo zvekushushikana, ivo vanove imwe yemhando dzinopa mubayiro kune vanotanga uye avo vatsva kune aquarium hobby.
