Mumakungwa edu nemakungwa mune huwandu hukuru de peces ane maumbirwo akasiyana siyana anoshamisa uye marudzi ese emasaizi. Muenzaniso weizvi ihove yezuva. Sezvo isina kana kumbofanana nedzimwe hove, haitomboratidziki sehove. Nhasi tichaongorora zvakadzama hove inozivikanwa semaeels uye inotorwa sehove. Idzo hadzisi nyoka pachimwe chete, asi dzakafanana. Zviri pamusoro moray eel.
Iwe unoda kuwana zvese zvakavanzika zvinovanza rudzi urwu rwekuda kuziva? Ramba uchiverenga kuziva zvakawanda.
Mhando huru
Iyo hove yehoyi yakakura uye ndewemhuri yekwaMuraenidae. Takataura kuti dzinozivikanwa semaeels nekuti ndedzekurongeka kweAnguiliformes. Hunhu hukuru hwezviyero zvese zvehurongwa uhu ndehwekuti Havana pectoral kana ventral fins. Mukuwedzera, vane a ganda rakatsetseka, rinotsvedzaIri genus rakajairika muMediterranean uye rinomiririrwa zvakanyanya mumakungwa anopisa neanopisa.
Iyo moray eel ine muviri yakarebesa yemhando ye eel uye inogona kusvika kureba kusvika 1,5 metres. Huremu hwayo hunowanzo kutenderedza 15 kg, kunyangwe mumienzaniso yakawanda inoratidzika kunge yakakura. Iyo coloration inosiyana pakati pemumvuri we yakasviba grey kusvika kune brown nemamwe makwapa akanaka. Ganda rayo rinotsvedza uye harina mikero, sezvataurwa pamusoro, uye rakafukidzwa ne kudzivirira mucus iyo inoderedza kukakavara uye inoita sechidziviso kurwisa utachiona.
Mhedzi yekumashure inotangira kuseri kwemisoro yavo ichienderera mberi ichienda kune chipedzi checaudal chakasangana nerekumashure. Havana pectoral fins uye yavo mazino akareba, akanongedza Zvakagadzirirwa kubata mhuka inotsvedza. Miromo yavo yakareba uye yakasimba, inosvika kuseri kwemagill. Kana iwe ukaona moray eel ichivhura nekuvhara muromo wayo, yeuka kuti chiito ichi chinoshanda pomba mvura mumagill, hachisi hacho chiratidzo chekurwisa.
Mukuwedzera kune zvinhu izvi, mabrunettes aripo mhino mbiri mbiri (maburi emhuno), imwe iri pamuromo wemhuno imwe iri pamusoro kana kuseri kwemaziso, izvo zvinosimudzira kunzwa kwavo kunhuhwirira kunoshamisa. Muzvipenyu zvakawanda, musoro wakatetepa uye hauna simba rekusveta rakasimba pakudyisa, saka vakagadzira shanduko yakasiyana pakati pemhuka dzine vertebrates: pharyngeal shaya nharembozha dzinobuda pahuro kubata uye kufambisa mhuka yakananga kugurokuro.
Mukati meMuraenidae mhuri duku mbiri dzinosiyaniswa: Muraeninae (iyo dorsal fin inotanga kuseri kwemusoro, panowanikwa semuenzaniso Muraena helena) uye Uropterygiinae (nemabhande ekupedzisira akasuduruka akananga kumagumo emuswe, anozivikanwa senyoka morays). Mhuri inosanganisira akawanda genera, kusanganisira Gymnothorax, Muraena, echidna, Enchelycore, Rhinomuraena, Strophidon y Uropterygius, nekusiyana kwakasiyana-siyana kwemavara emhando uye ukuru (mamwe marudzi anogara achinaya mvura anodarika mita imwe nehafu kureba).
Range uye pekugara
Iyo moray eel inoenderera mberi Gungwa reMediterranean. Inomiririrwa nekuonekwa kwayo mumvura dzinopisa uye dzinopisa kubva kumabvazuva kwegungwa. Atlantic kubva kuSenegal kuenda kuBritish Isles. Inowanikwawo muMacaronesia archipelagos akadai Azores uye Canary Islands, uye mumakorari akawanda munzvimbo dzinodziya pasi rose.
Kana ari echisikigo pekugara, ivo vanowanzofarira iyo nzvimbo dzine matombo yegungwa, senge coral reef, madziro uye pasi ne makatsemuka nemapako kwavanowana pokuvanda kwakakwana kuti vanyanye. MuMediterranean vanoonekwa pakati 5 uye 80 metres kudzika, kunyange zvazvo zvinoonekwa zvizhinji zvakanangidzirwa pakadzika zvisina kudzika. Muzhizha vanogona kusvika pedyo nemhenderekedzo yegungwa, nepo mumvura inotonhora vanowanzogara dzimwe nzvimbo dzakadzika.
Iyo moray eel yeGungwa reMediterranean inotungamira hupenyu hwayo mu ari oga uye nharaundaVanowanzo chengeta nharaunda yavo yekubva uye vane basa rehusikuZvakajairika kuvaona vachiburitsa misoro yavo kubva mumuromo wepokugara, dzimwe nguva yakabatana ne conger eels (Conger conger) kana pamberi peakachena shrimp senge Lysmata setiaudataAya shrimps anoita a mutualistic symbiosis kubvisa tsvina yezvokudya uye utachiona kubva paganda re moray uye mumuromo wemukanwa.
Kuburitswa kwehove iyi hakunyatso kunzwisiswa, saka isu hatigone kuivhara mune ino post. Chinhu chimwe chete chinozivikanwa ndechekuti dzinobereka nhamba huru yemazai panguva yekubereka. Anenge 60.000 mazai, somuenzaniso. Nekuda kwekuti kune akawanda, anowanzo kubatwa nezvirwere zvakaita se trematodes. Folliculovarium mediterraneum nehonye Lecithochirium grandiporum. Mukuwedzera, ndizvo de peces oviparous uye makonye, akadana leptocephalus, zviri pachena uye pelagic; vanopedza mavhiki kana mwedzi vachikukurwa vasati vachinja uye vachidzika pasi.
Kugona kuvhiringidzika muMediterranean
The Mediterranean moray eel (Muraena helena) inopa muenzaniso shava nemavara eyero nematema akasiyana chaizvo. Zvakaoma kuisanganisa ne tiger moray eel (Enchelycore akatina), ruvara rweorenji uye nemazino anonyatsooneka, kana ne vakafa (Gymnothorax unicolor), yakawanda yakafanana shava muruvara.
Ukama nekubata hove uye culinary kukosha
Kunyangwe isiri mhando yemhando yepamusoro yekutengesa, inobatwa zvishoma nezvishoma. Nzira inonyanya kushanda ndeye harpoon, vachitsvaga mienzaniso mumakomba avo; inopindawo zvinokweva rockfishing atova chirauro mukati surfcastingNhoroondo, mu Nguva yevaRoma Ivo vaikosheswa zvakanyanya mugastronomy uye vakarererwa munzvimbo dzemahombekombe. Nhasi kushandiswa kwavo kwakanyanyisa uye zvinoenderana nenharaunda (somuenzaniso, mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzechitsuwa cheAtlantic). Mumarudzi makuru emunzvimbo dzinopisa, kungwarira kunofanirwa kuitwa nekuda kwezvinobvira bioaccumulated toxins (somuenzaniso, ciguatera); pachivanhu, nyama yaro yagadzirwa mune marinade kana zvakabikwa zvakanaka.
Zvokudya
Rudzi urwu ndirwo anodya nyama uye anodyaMunguva yekushanda kwayo, inovhima dzimwe hove uye cephalopods. Dzimwe nguva, inogona kuwanikwa ichivhima dzimwe moray eels. Maziso ake haana kunyatsoona uye, nokudaro, vanovakira kuvhima kwavo kunyanya pazvavo munhuhwi. Nenzira iyi ivo vanokwanisa kuteedzera mhuka dzavanobata.
Iyo inorara kana isingawane chero imwe mhando yechikafu. Mhuka iyi inogara sea chikara chepamusoro-soro pamusoro pecheni yezvokudya pamatombo ayo. Inokwanisa kudya dzimwe mhuka dzakakura kudarika pachayo, kunyanya munzvimbo diki dzine muviri wayo tsandanyama uye anochinjika inokubvumira kufambisa zvine mukana.
Chii chinoita kuti moray eel iri pamusoro pecheni yechikafu ndechekuti imhuka huru, ine simba. Rushaya rwayo rune hurongwa hwakagadzirwa zvakanyanya hunosanganisira rushaya rwechipiri iyo inovhura kana yekutanga yatovhurwa.
Kuti idye, inobata mhuka yayo pamwe chete nayo shaya yekutanga ndokukwevera kunze, ndokusvetukira kune chakabatwa. Aya magadzirirwo eshaya anoita kuti moray eel ive yakanaka muchina wokurumaHove zhinji dzinovimba nekuvhura shaya dzadzo dzakakura nekukurumidza, zvichikonzera kusagadzikana kwemvura kusveta mhuka mumuromo mavo.
Uku ndiko kugona kwemboro kumedza hove nezvisikwa zvihombe zvakazara. Uyezve, mamwe moray eel anoshandisa nzira ye pfundo nemuswe kubvarura machunks emhuka dzakawanda (semuenzaniso, octopus). Zvakajairika kuona kuchenesa hukama ne shrimp (Lysmata setiaudata) inobvisa tsvina yezvokudya kubva mumiromo yavo neganda, uye yakanyorwa munzvimbo dzinopisa kuvhima kwakabatana nemagroupers, uko zvikara zvose zviri zviviri zvinobatsira.
Hove dzeBrown mukutapwa
Kubva pane izvo zvinogona kufungidzirwa, zvakaoma kwazvo kuva nehove ine hunhu uhu muma aquariumsZvisinei, hazvibviri. Mamwe mazano anodiwa kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti hove inotungamirira hupenyu hune hutano uye hune rugare. Iyi mhuka inongokurudzirwa kune avo vane ruzivo rwepamusoro munyika yekuchengetedza aquarium.
Anowanzotambura hosha dzeganda. Nemhaka yokuti havana zvikero, vanonyanya kunzwisiswa nemishonga yakawanda uye, kana vakatakurwa kubva munzvimbo yavo yepanyama, vanogona kuunza majekiseni akawanda navo. Kuti udzivise izvi, zvakanakisa kuvaisa mukati kuzvitsauriraParasitism inopedzwa ne sterilizer yakanaka. UV mutangi. Kwete chete inobatsira kudzivirira zvirwere zvakawanda, asi ichapawo kugadzikana kukuru kune aquarium.
Nezvehunhu hwayo, ihove yakanyarara isina kudzikisira iyo isingawanzo kunetsa mamwe ese evamwe shamwari. Asi zvakadaro, hove dema moray inogona kuve nehasha nenhengo dzerudzi rwavo nevamwe vakafanana. Kunze kwaizvozvo, kazhinji vanonyara chaizvo. Unofanira kungwarira pakugara dzimwe mhuka de peces idiki kwazvo zvichienzaniswa navo, kubvira ne muromo mukuru kudaro izvo zviripo zvinogona kumedza nekuzvimedza pasina dambudziko.
Cherechedza maitiro azvinoita nedzimwe hove, unogona kuva nazvo nehove dzakaenzana newe.
Inoshanda aquarium zvinodiwa
- Volume uye kavha: nzvimbo dzakakura dzemvura dzine matombo akawanda nemapako; yepakati nepakati moray eels, kupfuura 400-500 litres. Essential chivharo chisina mhepo kana grid yakachengeteka: ivo vakanaka vanopukunyuka maartist.
- Paramitha: mumvura, yakagadzikana salinity uye kusefa kune simba nekufamba kwakanaka; mune estuarine kana yemvura yakachena mhando, mazhinji anotoda mvura brackish muchikamu chayo chevakuru.
- Kudyisa muusungwa: ipa mhando yenyama nyama (hove, squid, shrimp), 2-3 nguva pavhiki, kudzivisa kudyisa. Hazvikurudzirwi kudyisa maoko; shandisa tweezers refu.
- Shamwari: hove dzakakura dzakafanana kana dzakakura, kudzivirira mhuka dzisina mutsipa dzinogona kubatwa. Tarisa kune kunetsana ne mhando dzine chimiro chakafanana (conger eels, mamwe moray eels).
Zvirwere
Zvirwere zvinorwisa hove idzi, kunyange zvisingawanzo kupa dambudziko rakawanda kana iyo aquarium ichengetwa zvakanaka uye ichichengetedzwa zvakanaka. Rwizi moray hove rinotonyanya kubatwa nezvirwere kupfuura hove dzegungwa. Kana tikacherekedza zvimwe zviratidzo zvehurwere, tinofanira kuiisa yega uye bvisa tangi. Vanogona kusvika kuyangarara pamusoro kunyaradza ganda rako kana iwe uchinzwa kushatirwa zvakanyanya kana kushushikana.
Vanowanzopindura zvakanaka kumishonga yakawanda uye vanoporesa nokukurumidza. Haufanire kushandisa mhangura mutangi rerwizi moray eels kana kuti inogona kutapukirwa. Kazhinji, mishonga yemhangura-based nezvimwe kurapwa kwehasha haabvumirwi zvakanaka nehove dzisina scaleless; bvunza dzimwe nzira dzakadai se praziquantel ye trematodes, mabhati anodzorwa kana manejimendi ezvakatipoteredza (yakavandudzwa mvura yemhando uye UV).
Pakuchengeta hove dzakawanda, zvakajairika kuti dzese dzitapurwe kunyangwe zviratidzo zveyambiro zvekutanga zvisati zvaonekwa. Nzira yakanakisisa yekudzivirira chirwere ndiko kupa hove nzvimbo yakakodzera uye kuvapa kudya kunovaka muviri. Pakati peanonyanya kuzivikanwa pathologies mu moray eels ndeaya:
- Zvirwere zvekunze (trematodes uye nematodes) uye protozoa paganda uye gills; cherechedza kukurumidza kufema kana kukwesha.
- Hutachiona hutachiona yechipiri kuruma kana kukwesha pamatombo, izvo zvinokonzera kutsvuka uye maronda.
- Osmotic stress nekuda kwekushaikwa kwemunyu mumhando dzebrackish, izvo zvinodzvinyirira immune system.
- Kushomeka kwehutano nekudya kwakashata; alternating marudzi ehove uye cephalopods of good mavambo.
Yakakura saizi UV sterilizer, inogarochinja mvura, yakagadzikana parameters uye kuvharirwa kwedziviriro ndiyo yakanakisa inishuwarenzi yehutano hwako.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rLd4FedXUnY
Kunyangwe kutaridzika kwayo kuri kuita, moray eel ihove inonakidza: eel-like, nocturnal uye stealthy, chidimbu chakakosha chematombo uye pasi pematombo. Ziva maitiro ayo (kushaya pectoral fins, kudzivirira mucus, mazino akapinza uye pharyngeal shaya), nzwisisa yako habitat Uye kuziva kuti inodyisa sei uye inochengetwa muhusungwa zvinokutendera kuti unakirwe nayo zvakachengeteka, kungave kudhivha kana muyadhiyamu yepamusoro. Nekuremekedza nzvimbo yayo, kudzivirira kuibata uye kuchengetedza yakagadzikana aquarium masisitimu, njodzi dzinoderedzwa uye dzayo. maitiro echisikigo.