Gungwa rakakomberedza Peninsula yeSpain nemapoka ezvitsuwa harisi nzvimbo yakanaka yekuenda kugungwa chete: imufananidzo chaiwo we mhuka dzemugungwa, nzvimbo dzekugara uye nharaunda dzezvipenyu izvo zvinosvika zviuru. Kubva mumvura inotonhora yeAtlantic kusvika kuMediterranean ine mamiriro ekunze akadzikama, zvipenyu zvakasiyana-siyana zvinosangana pamwe chete, zvawana pano nzvimbo yakanaka yekugara, kubereka kana kungomira kutama kwazvo.
Muchinyorwa chino tichaongorora, nenzira yakarongeka, chikamu chakanaka chekusiyana ikoko: algae, mhuka dzisina mapfupa emusana, hove, mhuka dzinoyamwisa dzemugungwa, kamba, zvirimwa zvemugungwa Uye, pamusoro pezvo, tichakurukura matanho makuru emutemo uye mapurogiramu ekuchengetedza ari kuitwa. Tichaongororawo mhando idzo, kunyange dzichifadza, dzinogona kukonzera kuruma kana kukuvara kune vanoshambira, saka unoziva zviri mumvura paunoshambira uye nei zvichikosha kuzvichengetedza.
Kusiyana-siyana kwezvisikwa zvegungwa pamhenderekedzo yeSpain
Kusanganiswa kwezvinhu zvakaita seStrait of Gibraltar, simba reAtlantic, mvura yeMediterranean ne subtropical muAfrica zvinoreva kuti munzvimbo dzakadai seMalaga kana Canary Islands Mhando dzeAtlantic, Mediterranean, Macaronesia uye subtropicalIzvi zvinoreva kuti mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzegungwa chete ndipo panotsanangurwa zvinotevera:
- Mhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzinopfuura zana dze shiri dzegungwa kana shiri dzemumvura.
- Zvimwe kubva ku30 zvirimwa zvemahombekombe uye mhando nhatu dzemaphanerogam (miti yemugungwa inotumbuka).
- Zvimwe kubva ku15 cetaceans zvakasiyana (hove, madolphin, mawhale emutyairi, mawhale ane miromo…).
- Mhando ina dze makungwa egungwa kugara vachivapo.
- Mhando dzinopfuura 200 dze hove mahombekombe negungwa.
- Zvimwe kubva ku500 marine invertebrates pakati pehove dzemugungwa, crustaceans, echinoderms, cnidarians, polychaetes, bryozoans uye sponges.
- Mhando dzinopfuura 150 dze gungwa, zvese zviri zviviri zvegirini, shava uye zvitsvuku.
Kupfuma uku kwezvinhu zvipenyu kwakarongwa kuita zvimwe zvinhu nharaunda dzakasiyana-siyana dzezvipenyu makumi matanhatu, inotangira pamahombekombe ane jecha nemawere kusvika kumafuro ari pasi pemvura, madutu ejecha, madhamu, miromo yenzizi uye pasi pematombo ane makorari uko makorari, magorgonian nemasiponji anowanda.
Algae nemiti yemugungwa: hwaro hwezvinhu zvipenyu
Algae nezvirimwa zvemugungwa ndizvo zvinotanga kubatanidza mune zvekudya zvakawanda uye zvinogadzirawo okisijeni neCOâ‚‚ inogadzirisa.2 uye inopa nzvimbo yekupotera mhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzemhuka. Rondedzero dzepamutemo dzemhuka dzemugungwa nemiti dzinoratidza: algae dzakawanda dzakasiyana uye maruva emugungwa akawanda, sezvinoratidzwa nenyaya dze Algae ine chepfu inotyisidzira zvipenyu zvemugungwa.
Pakati pealgae dzegirini (chlorophyceae) pane mhando dzakadai se Caulerpa prolifera, Codium bursa, Flabellia petiolata, Ulva lactuca, Ulva rigida o Valonia utricularis, inofukidza matombo, madziva emvura uye pasi pasi pakadzika, zvichishanda sechikafu chemhuka dzinodya zvinodya miriwo dzakadai seSalema kana Vieja.
Algae dzebrown (Phaeophyceae) dzinosanganisira maumbirwo makuru, semuenzaniso Cystoseira mediterranea, Cystoseira tamariscifolia, Laminaria ochroleuca kana Sargassum vulgare"Miti algae" iyi inoumba masango chaiwo ari pasi pemvura uko hove diki, mhuka dzisina mapfupa, uye mhando dzakasiyana dzehove dzinowana pekugara.
Zvimwewo zvinoshamisa ialgae tsvuku (Rhodophyceae), ine mimiriri yakaita se Asparagopsis armata, Gelidium spinosum, Jania rubens, Laurencia obtusa o Nemalion helminthoidesDzakawanda dzadzo dzinoumba ganda re calcareous (coralline) rinosimbisa pasi pematombo uye rinotora chikamu mukuumbwa kwenzvimbo yekugara ye coralligenous.
Kana zviri zvemiti yemugungwa chaiyo (phanerogams), muSpain tinowana nzvimbo dzekudyara Posidonia oceanica (muMediterranean) uye ye cymodocea nodosa y Zostera noltiiMafuro aya anoshanda se "nzvimbo dzekuchengetera vana" de peces uye mhuka dzisina mapfupa emusana, dzinosimbisa jecha uye dzinokosha pahutano hwegungwa, ndosaka dzakawanda dzichidzivirirwa zvakanyanya.
Semuenzaniso, mumvura dzeValencian Community, mapoka madiki evanhu Halophila decipiens, shiri inonzi phanerogam ine mashizha akapfava inozivikanwa zvikuru se "mashizha ejecha", iyo inogara munzvimbo dzakapfava uye inowedzera kuoma kwenzvimbo yacho.
Zvisikwa zvemugungwa zvisina mapfupa: masiponji, makorari, honye uye kambani
Zvisikwa zvisina mapfupa zvinoumba chikamu chikuru che mhando dzegungwa dzakarongwaMhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzemaumbirwo adzo, mavara adzo, uye mabasa adzo ezvakatipoteredza zvakakura, uye dzakawanda dzadzo hadzizivikanwe zvachose nevanhu vanogeza kunyangwe dziri pasi petsoka dzavo.
MaCnidarians ne "coelenterates": jellyfish, anemones, corals uye gorgonians
Mukati meCnidarians tinowana gungwa jellyfishMaAnemones nemakorari zvinosiyana-siyana kubva kumarudzi asingaonekwe zvakanyanya kusvika kuzvisikwa zvikuru zvemuno. Hove dzejellyfish dzakadai se [isa mhando dzejellyfish pano] dzinonyanya kuzivikanwa pamhenderekedzo dzedu. Cotylorhiza tuberculata (jellyfish yezai rakakangwa kana mvura yakagochwa), rhizostoma pulmo (blue jellyfish kana kuti acalefo azul), Aurelia aurita (jellyfish yakajairika) uye Pelagia noctiluca, inozivikanwa nekupenya kwayo uye kurwadza kwayo kunorwadza zvikuru.
Mhando dzine njodzi huru dzinombonyorwa mumvura dzeSpain ndedzinoti Portuguese man-of-war (Physalia physalis)Ikoko iboka rema polyps ari kuyangarara kwete jellyfish "yakachena". Matende ayo anogona kureba kusvika makumi emamita, uye uturu hwayo hunogona kukonzera kutsva kwakanyanya uye kunyange mamiriro ezvinhu anotyisidzira hupenyu kuvanhu vane hanya, vana, kana vakwegura.
Boka remaanemone egungwa rinosanganisira mhando dzakawanda dzinozivikanwa nevaya vanonyura mumvura nevabati vehove: Actinia equine (domasi regungwa), Anemonia sulcata (kusvuta), Aiptasia mutabilis, marudzi akawanda e Telmatactis uye ma polyps anoshamisa e Parazoanthus axinellaeDzose dzine masero anobaya, asi mwero wekuita kweganda remunhu unosiyana zvikuru kubva kune rimwe kuenda kune rimwe.
Makorari nemagorgonian anoratidzwawo zvakanaka: kune makorari akaomarara akadai se Dendrophyllia ramea (korari yeorenji), Leptosammia privotimakorari machena emvura inotonhora akadai se Lophelia pertusa y Madrepora oculatapamwe chete nemarudzi akawanda egorgonians (Eunicella verrucosa, Leptogorgia sarmentosa, Paramuricea grayi, nezvimwewo). Mazhinji emarudzi aya anoumba nzvimbo dzekugara dzine mativi matatu dzinowedzera kuomarara kwegungwa uye zvipenyu zvakasiyana-siyana zvine chekuita nazvo.
Masiponji nemasquirts egungwa
Masiponji (Porifera) anofukidza madziro ane matombo, mapako, nenzvimbo dzine mumvuri dzine maumbirwo akasiyana-siyana uye mavara. Mhando dzakadai se [isa mhando pano] dzinoonekwa mumakatarogu egungwa reSpain. Verongia aerophoba (chipanji cheyero), Subberites domuncula (chipanji chemugari wemota), spongia officinalis (chipanji chekugezesa), Axinella damicornis, Axinella polypoides, Chondrosia reniformis o Clathrina clathrusMamwe ave nebasa guru mukubata hove dzechipanji kuti dzishandiswe pamba.
ari ascidians uye mamwe ma tunicates (subphylum Tunicata), akadai se Ascidia mentula o Halocynthia papillosaKazhinji hazvionekwi asi zvinosefa zvinobudirira zvikuru: zvinopomba mvura yakawanda, zvichibatsira kuichenesa uye kudzoreredza zvinovaka muviri.
Makonye emugungwa nemamwe mapoka asingaonekwe zvakanyanya
Makonye emugungwa (zvikurukuru mapolychaetes) anosanganisira mhando dzinoyevedza dzakadai se gonye remoto (Hermodice carunculata), nebvudzi rinobaya, kana kuti zvisikwa zvinoshamisa zvinogara mumachubhu zvakaita se Sabella spallanzanii y Serpula vermicularis, inoratidza mapombi ekusefa akaita sefeni.
Zvimwe zvisikwa zvisina mapfupa emusana zvisingaonekwe asi zvakawanda ndizvo bryozoans, dzimwe dzine chitarisiko chakaita sekorari (semuenzaniso Myriapora truncata, inozivikanwa se false coral, kana Reteporella grimaldii, "Venus lace"), iyo inoumba zvivakwa zvakanaka zve calcareous pamatombo. Kunewo mapoka asinganyanyo zivikanwa akadai se ctenophores (semuenzaniso Beroe ovata) uye zvipembenene zvine gelatinous zvakaita sesalps (Salpa fusiformis, Salpa maxima), izvo zvinoumba cheni dzinoyangarara dzinosefa plankton.
Echinoderms, crustaceans uye mollusks: mhuka "yekare" yepasi pegungwa
Patinofunga nezvemhuka dzemugungwa dzinowanikwa pamahombekombe ane matombo nejecha, hove dzemugungwa, hove dzenyeredzi, makakanje, shrimp, octopus, uye shellfish zvinouya mupfungwa dzedu. Zvese izvi zvinomiririrwa zvakanaka kwazvo pamhenderekedzo yeSpain, nemazita epamutemo anosanganisira mhando dzakawanda dzeechinoderms, crustaceans dzinosvika zana uye mollusks dzinopfuura 150.
Echinoderms: hove dzegungwa, nyeredzi, uye magaka egungwa
Pakati peechinoderms, hove dzegungwa dzinoonekwa zvakanyanya, dzakadai se Paracentrotus lividus (shiri yegungwa yakajairika), Arbacia lixula (hove nhema), Sphaerechinus granularis (puffer hedgehog) kana heart hedgehog dzakadai se Spatangus purpureusMinzwa yayo inogona kukonzera jekiseni rinorwadza zvikurunekurwadziwa nekuzvimba; mamwe marudzi anotoburitsa zvinhu zvine chepfu kubva mumatumbu ari mumitsipa.
Muboka ra hove yenyeredzi takawana yakasimba Marthasterias glacialis (nyeredzi yakanongedza), Echinaster sepositus (nyeredzi tsvuku), Ophidiaster ophidianus (nyeredzi yepepuru), pamwe chete nenyeredzi dzisina kusimba (nyeredzi dzisina kusimba) dzakadai se Ophiothrix fragilis u Ophiocomina nigra, dzinowanzovanzwa pasi pematombo nemumakomba.
MaHolothurian, anozivikanwa zvikuru se makomkomere egungwa kana kuti "pingaburros", zvinosanganisira mhando dzakadai se Holothuria sanctori o Holothuria tubulosaNdivo vanokwanisa kudzokorodza tsvina: vanodya jecha nezvinhu zvipenyu vodzorera tsvina yacho "yakachena", zvichibatsira kuti pasi payo pave neoxygen.
MaCrustaceans: makara, lobster, uye shrimp
Boka rema crustaceans emugungwa neemumvura yakachena rinosanganisira magakanje, lobster, prawns, shrimp, barnacles, uye barnacles. makumi emarudzi akasiyana-siyana, ine mhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzezvipenyu, kubva kumakaka akazvimiririra kusvika kumakavi akacheneswa.
Pakati pemakaka egungwa nematombo pane Pachygrapsus marmoratus (juyón), Eriphia verrucosa (Gakanje reMoorish kana jeki), Carcinus maenas (gakanje regirini) kana Necora puber (gakanje). Mumvura yakadzika, mhando dzekubata hove dzinoonekwa dzakadai se Cancer pagurus (gakanje rinodyiwa) kana gakanje rehumambo rerudzi urwu Calappa.
Makarotsi nezvisikwa zvine hukama nazvo zvinomiririrwa ne Homarus gammarus yekuEuropela red lobster (Palinurus elephas) uye "marobster ane tsandanyama" akaita se Scyllarus arctus (santiaguiño) kana Scyllarides latusMakustacean eDecapod anosanganisirawo mashrimp nemaprawns anokosha pakutengeserana akadai se Nephrops norvegicus (hove dzerudzi rwecrayhove), Aristaeopsis edwardsiana (mupurisa) kana Parapenaeus longirostris (shrimp chena).
Makustacean eSymbiotic haasipo, akadai semashrimp madiki anogara pamwe chete neanemones, sea urchins, sponges kana gorgonians, kana mabhanacles (Pollicipes pollicipes) nedzimwe nzvimbo dzekuchengetedza dzakadai se Balanus trigonus o Megabalanus tintinnabulum, iyo inofukidza matombo munzvimbo yekushambira.
Mollusks: kubva kuma limpets nehozhwa kusvika kuma squid ne octopus
Boka rehove dzemhando ye "mollusks" nezvimwe zvipenyu zvine chekuita nadzo ndiro rimwe remahombekombe akawanda kwazvo mumhenderekedzo yegungwa yese: mhando dzinopfuura 160 dzakarongwa izvo zvinosanganisira bivalves (clams, mussels), gastropods (hozhwa, limpets, nudibranchs) uye cephalopods (octopuses, squid, cuttlefish).
Pakati pema bivalves, mhando dzinowanzodyiwa dzinosanganisira Gumbo regumbo (clam), Warty Venus (hove yemhando ye "warty clam"), Areka yaNoa (Areka yaNoa), Pinna rudis (muzinga wegungwa) kana Spondylus senegalensis (oyster). Dzimwe, dzakadai se date palm (Lithophaga lithophaga)Dzinodzivirirwa zvakanyanya nekuda kwemhedzisiro yakakura iyo dzinoburitsa padombo radzinogara.
Matombo akawanda mumatombo nemumadziva ane mafungu (Patella ulyssiponensis, Patella candei, Patella piperata), pamwe chete nehozhwa diki dzakadai se "burgados" (Osilinus atrata, Gibbula magus, Gibbula cineraria) kana kuti "magoko madiki" emhando iyi tunyaya uye porcelain (Luria lurida, Zonaria pyrum).
MaCephalopods anoumba rimwe boka renyeredzi: common octopus (Octopus vulgaris)la hove yerudzi rwecuttlefish (Sepia officinalis), the squid yakajairika (Loligo vulgaris), squid dzakasiyana-siyana dzinogara mumvura yakashama necuttlefish (Ommastrephes bartramii, Todarodes sagittatus, Illex coindetii), pamwe chete nemarudzi anoshamisa akadai se Spirulina (Spirula spirula) kana the vampire octopus (Tremoctopus violaceus).
MaNudibranchs nehove dzemugungwa zvinhu zvakakosha: zvidiki, zvine mavara, uye zvinokosheswa zvikuru nevatori vemifananidzo vari pasi pemvura. Hypselodoris picta, Limacia clavigera, Peltodoris atromaculata (mombe yeSwiss) kana mhando dzakasiyana dzemombe Aplysia, inozivikanwa setsuro dzemugungwa.
Hove dzemugungwa: kubva kumahombekombe asina kudzika kusvika kumahombekombe makuru
Rondedzero de peces Mhuka dzemugungwa dzinogona kuonekwa mumvura dzeSpain dzinoshamisa: dzakanyorwa pasi dzinopfuura zana marudzi, kubva kushiri diki dzemhando yegobies ne blennies kusvika kumhuka hombe dzinodya nyama dzemugungwa dzakadai se tuna, swordfish neshark dzakasiyana-siyana.
Pasi pematombo nejecha ndipo panogara mhuka dzinonyanya kuzivikanwa nevanhu vanogeza: red mullet (Mullus surmuletus), gilthead seabream (Sparus auratus), sargos (Diplodus spp.), salemas (Sarpa salpa), vakadzi vakuru (Sparisoma cretense), mackerel (Scomber colias), bogas (Boops boops) kana kuti dzine mavara Hove yegirini (Thalassoma pavo) y vasikana (Coris julis).
Munzvimbo dzakasanganiswa dzematombo nejecha, kune zvakawanda wrasses (rosemary, vafudzi vemombe), makomo akadai se mombe diki (Serranus scriba) kana mbudzi (Serranus atricauda, ​​Serranus cabrilla) uye, munzvimbo dzine mipata nenzvimbo dzekuchengetera misha, mapoka emapoka neabbot (Epinephelus marginatus, Mycteroperca fusca), izvo zviratidzo zvechokwadi zvemhuka dzeMediterranean neCanary Island.
Mumvura yakadzika, yakavhurika yakawanda, shiri huru dzinotama dzakadai sedzinobhururuka bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus), the yellowtail amberjack (Thunnus albacares)la peya rine minzwa (Thunnus obesus), the bigeye wolf (Thunnus alalunga), all tuna (Auxis rochei), the bonitos (Katsuwonus pelamis) nedzimwe tuna ne scombrids dzakadai se Sarda sarda o Orcynopsis ine ruvara rumwe chete.
Hapana kushomeka kwemarudzi anoshamisa akadai se hove dzemwedzi (Mola mola) nehama dzake, hove yeclockfish (Zeus faber), the pejesables (Lepidopus caudatus, Aphanopus carbo), mitsetse yakasiyana-siyana (mhando dzemimhanzi) Raja, Dipturus, Leucoraja), hove yegitare (Rhinobatos) uye hove dzakawanda dzeshaki, kubva ku basking shark (Cetorhinus maximus) kunyangwe mhuka dzegungwa rakadzika senge Etmopterus spinax, Centrophorus granulosus, Oxynotus centrina kana kuti mapejesremios asinganzwisisike (Regalecus glesne).
Munzvimbo ine mvura zhinji uye yakadzika kusvika pamamita mashoma, hove diki dzakadai sedziri blennies (mabhenekeri ane dumbu), the magobies (cabozos), all hove yetsono and the mabhiza egungwa (hippocampus yeHippocampus, Hippocampus guttulatus), kunyanya dziri panjodzi yekukuvadzwa kwenzvimbo dzadzo dzekugara.
Makamba egungwa, mhuka dzinoyamwisa, nedzimwe mhuka huru dzemugungwa dzine mapfupa emusana
Mukuwedzera de peces uye mhuka dzisina mapfupa emusana, mvura yedu inochengetedza mhuka huru dzemugungwa dzine mapfupa emusana izvo zvinomutsa kufarira kukuru kwevanhu nesainzi: kamba, cetaceans uye, kunyange zvazvo zvichiri kuwanikwa zvishoma, monk seal.
Turtles dzegungwa
MuMediterranean neAtlantic pedyo nepeninsula, mhando ina dzeshiri dzemugungwa dzinoonekwa kakawanda: loggerhead yegungwa turtle (Caretta caretta)la leatherback turtle (Dermochelys coriacea)la kamba yehawksbill (Eretmochelys imbricata) and the green turtle (Chelonia mydas)Vazhinji vavo vanogara vachishanyira nzvimbo idzi vanoshandisa mvura iyi senzvimbo dzekudyira kana nzvimbo dzekumira.
Ngwenzi dzese dzegungwa dziri murondedzero ye mhuka dzakadzivirirwa uye dziri munjodzi pasi rose, uye Spain ine basa rekuvadzivirira kuburikidza ne kudzivirira turtle yegungwa, kuderedzwa kwekubatwa kwehove netsaona, kutarisirwa kwakanaka kwemahombekombe ari kubereka vana uye kutarisirwa kwemhuka dzakasara kana dzakakuvara.
Cetaceans nechisimbiso chemamongi
Rondedzero yemhuka dzinoyamwisa dzemugungwa dzinogona kuonekwa mumvura dzeSpain yakakura kwazvo: hove dzemhando ye sperm whales (Physeter macrocephalus), mhando dzakasiyana dzehove dzerudzi rwe rorquals (bhuruu, common, minke, bowhead, tropical), hove dzerudyi (Eubalaena glacialis), hove dzine humpback (Megaptera novaeangliaee), orcas (orcinus orca), hove dzemutyairi ( pilot whales )Globicephala melas, G. macrorhynchus), madolphin (akajairika, ane mitsetse, ane bhotoro, ane mavara, ane mazino akaomarara, aFraser), mawhale enhema anouraya (Pseudorca crassidens) uye hove dzakawanda dzine miromo (Ziphius cavirostris, Mesoplodon spp., Hyperoodon ampullatus).
Kare, yaivapowo chisimbiso chemonk (Monachus monachus)Iye zvino yava kutopera zvachose mumahombekombe medu asi ichiri kuwanda mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzekumabvazuva kweMediterranean nekumabvazuva kweAtlantic. Ndiyo imwe yemhuka dzegungwa dziri munjodzi huru pasi rose.
Mhando dzine njodzi kune vanoshambira: jellyfish, hove dzine chepfu nedzimwe njodzi dzinowanzoitika
Kuwanda kwemarudzi emhuka kunoreva kuti, dzimwe nguva, dzimwe dzinogona kutikuvadza. kurumwa, kuboorwa, kana kukuvara Kana tikavatsika, tikavabata, kana kuti tikasangana navo tisingazive. Izvi hazvisi zvekukonzera kutya, asi kuziva zviripo uye maitiro ekuita.
Pakati pe jellyfish Tatotaura nezvedzimwe dzakakosha: Cotylorhiza tuberculata (kuruma kudiki kana kusingaonekwe), rhizostoma pulmo (kuvaviwa kwakanyanya), Aurelia aurita (kusagadzikana kudiki) uye Pelagia noctilucaizvo zvinogona kukonzera kutsva kwakanyanya, kurwadziwa, uye kukuvara kunononoka kupora. Kuvapo kwe portuguese caravel Zvinoda kutora matanho ekudzivirira zvakanyanya kana vakuru vakuru vapa yambiro.
Pakati pehove dzine njodzi kutsoka dzisina shangu pane weever hove (Trachinus draco, Echiichthys vipera)iyo inozviviga mujecha munzvimbo dzisina kudzika uye ine mitsetse ine chepfu kumusana wayo nemusoro, uye hove yehove kana kuti miracielo (Uranoscopus scaber), ine musana une chepfu uye inogara hafu yakavigwa pasi pakapfava.
La hove yescorpionfish kana scorpionfish (Scorpaena scrofa nezvimwe zvipenyu zvakafanana) Imwe mhando yemhuka iyi inofanira kucherechedzwa: mwaranzi yayo yemusana ine huturu, uye kuruma kwayo kunogona kukonzera kurwadziwa kwakanyanya, kuzvimba kwenzvimbo uye kunyange zviratidzo zvakaita sedzungu kana kuchinja kweBP.
ari hove dzegungwa, kunyanya Paracentrotus lividusMakudo egungwa anowanzo kukonzera kushanya kuzvipatara munguva yezhizha: misana inogona kubaya ganda zvakanyanya, kutyoka, uye kuramba ichiburitsa zvinhu zvinokuvadza kana isina kubviswa zvakanaka. Nzira yakanakisisa yekudzivirira iri nyore: pfeka shangu dzakakodzera munzvimbo dzine matombo uye usatsamira pamadziro akafukidzwa nemakudo egungwa kana anemones.
Tinofanirawo kufunga nezve Stingrays (Dasyatis pastinaca nedzimwe stingrays)dzine rumborera rune chepfu pamuswe wadzo. Kunyangwe dzisingawanzorwisi, dzinogona kuzvidzivirira kana dzikatsikwa kana kukanganiswa, zvichiita kuti pave nemaronda anorwadza zvikuru anoda kurapwa.
Hurongwa hwemutemo uye zvirongwa zvekuchengetedza mhuka dzemugungwa
Kusiyana-siyana kunoshamisa kwakatsanangurwa hakusi kusina njodzi: kubata hove zvakanyanya, Kusvibiswa kwegungwakuparadzwa kwenzvimbo dzekugara, shanduko yemamiriro ekunze Kuvapo kwemarudzi akasiyana-siyana emhuka ndiko kuri kukonzera kudzikira kwehuwandu hwevanhu vakawanda. Kuti vadzivise izvi, Spain yakagadzira hurongwa hwakasimba hwemutemo uye hwekushanda.
La Mutemo 42/2007, pamusoro peNhaka Yezvisikwa uye Kusiyana-siyana KwezvipenyuInosimbisa hwaro hwekuchengetedza zvipenyu zvakasiyana-siyana, kusanganisira mhuka dzemugungwa dzinofarirwa neveruzhinji. Royal Chirevo 139/2011 Inogadzira Rondedzero yeMhuka dzesango pasi peSpecial Protection, iyo yakazogadziriswazve (semuenzaniso, neOrder AAA/1771/2015) kuti isanganise mhando itsva kana kuchinja rudzi rwadzo rwenjodzi.
Mukuwedzera, iyo Odha AAA/75/2012 Inotsanangura kuongororwa kwenguva nenguva kwemamiriro ekuchengetedza etaxa iri mune rondedzero iyoyo uye inotonga kurambidzwa kwezviito zvinogona kukanganisa mamiriro avo ezvinhu. Izvi zvinosanganisira zvese kubva kushiri dzemugungwa neshiri dzemugungwa kusvika kushaki, shiri dzemugungwa, nedzimwe mhando dzemhuka dzisingatani kurwara.
Padanho redunhu, mitemo yakaita se MUTEMO 5/2017, pamusoro peKubata Hove muGungwa uye Kurima Hove dzeValencian CommunityVanoisa zvinangwa zvakajeka: kuchengetedza nzvimbo dzekuredza hove, kuchengetedza zviwanikwa zvemugungwa uye kuona kuti kushandiswa kwezvinhu zvinogara kwenguva refu kubva pamaonero ezvakatipoteredza, ehupfumi uye emagariro evanhu.
Panguva imwe chete, zvinotevera zvakatangwa mapurogiramu chaiwo ekudzidza, kupora uye kudzoserwa patsva yemhuka dzemugungwa, pamwe chete nevashandi vehurumende, masangano esainzi nemasangano evaredzi. Muenzaniso mukuru chibvumirano pakati peBazi rezvekurima, kusimudzira maruwa, njodzi yemamiriro ekunze uye shanduko yezvakatipoteredza yeValencian Community ne Oceanographic Foundation.
Kushanda pamwe chete nevabati vehove uye network dzevanochera matombo
Nyanzvi dzekubata hove dziri pamberi pekubatana nemhuka dzesango dzemugungwa, saka kushanda pamwe chete kwavo ndiko kwakakosha pakuita kuti kuonekwa kwemhuka dzakabatwa netsaona, dzakasungwa uye dzakaonekwa netsaona dzemhuka dzakachengetedzwaSemuenzaniso, muValencian Community, pane nzira chaiyo yakagadzwa nemasangano evaredzi ye:
- Taura nezvekuonekwa kwe cetaceans uye kunyora kudyidzana kwavanoita nezvishandiso zvekuredza.
- Taura nezvekubatwa kwemifananidzo netsaona shiri dzegungwa, elasmobranchs (sharks nemwaranzi) kana mamwe marudzi anonzwa zvakanyanya.
- Batanai mukuunganidza nekuendesa mienzaniso mhenyu kumapoka ari kupora.
Mishumo yekubatwa kwekamba, madolphin, mawhale nedzimwe mhuka dzakachengetedzwa netsaona inowanzo tumirwa kuburikidza ne nhamba yefoni yechimbichimbi 112, iyo inomutsa protocol ye network yekumhanya uye inounganidza mapoka akasarudzika.
Mamwe mapurogiramu chaiwo ari kugadzirwa anosanganisira gungwa turtle kudzoreredza chirongwaMhuka dzinoyamwisa dzemugungwa nemhuka dzinonzi elasmobranchs kubva pakubatwa netsaona, izvo zvinosanganisira kuunganidzwa kwadzo, kuongororwa kwadzo, kurapwa kwadzo, kugadziriswa kwadzo uye kusunungurwa kwadzo munzvimbo yadzo yechisikigo.
Imwe purojekiti inonakidza ndeiyi yakaitirwa kudzoreredza huwandu hwemabhiza egungwa (Hippocampus hippocampus neH. guttulatus) uye makorari pamhenderekedzo yegungwa yeValencian. Kubatwa kwemhuka idzi netsaona mumambure kwakajairika, uye nekuda kwekushandira pamwe nemasangano evaredzi, dzinogona kuunganidzwa, kuchengetwa munzvimbo dzakagadzirwa uye, mushure mekudzidza nzvimbo dzakakodzera, kudzoserwa munzvimbo dzakatikomberedza.
Imwe nzira yekuedza iri kushandiswawo kune Kubereka nekubereka muhusungwa hweshiri dzemugungwa (Paracentrotus lividus naArbacia lixula), nechinangwa chekusimbisa huwandu hwevanhu vezvisikwa uye kuongorora kushanduka kwavo kuburikidza nekuongorora kwesainzi nemasangano akaita seInstitute of Coastal Ecology.
Pakupedzisira, zvidzidzo zvinoshandiswa zvakaita seprojekiti zvinogadzirwa "Zvidzidzo zvehunhu hwekubereka hweshiri inonzi common octopus (Octopus vulgaris) mumvura dzeValencian Community", yakarongwa neIMEDMAR-UCV pamwe chete nemasangano evaredzi vehove nehutungamiriri hwehove, kugadzirisa zvirambidzo zvekuredza hove, saizi shoma uye manejimendi zvichienderana nehupenyu hwemhando yacho.
Nhepfenyuro yese iyi yemarudzi, nzvimbo dzekugara, mitemo, uye mapurogiramu ekuchengetedza inoratidza kuti gungwa ratinoona kubva kumahombekombe rakaita senyika yakaoma uye isina kusimba, umo vazhinji vanogara pamwe chete. hove dzejellyfish, hove dzegungwa, turtles, whales, algae, corals nehove dzemarudzi eseKuzviziva, kuziva kuti ndezvipi zvinogona kutikonzera matambudziko uye kuti ndezvipi zviri pedyo nekuputsika, uye kunzwisisa kuti kuedza kuri kuitwa sei kuti zvidzivirire, ndiyo nhanho yekutanga yekunakidzwa negungwa neruremekedzo uye kuve nechokwadi chekuti rinoramba riri nzvimbo yekugara kwezvizvarwa zvakawanda.
