La murau zvemvura dzemuviri muhove chinhu chakakosha pakurarama kwavo. Iyi nzira, inozivikanwa se osmosis, inovimbisa kuti hove dzinochengetedza hutano hwakakwana hwemukati pasinei nemamiriro ekunze emvura yavanogara. Kuti tinzwisise nyaya iyi, zvakakosha kuti tinzwisise pfungwa dze osmosis y semipermeable membranes, sezvo ari iwo maitiro ekutanga echisikigo ichi.
Chii chinonzi osmosis uye semipermeable membranes inoikanganisa sei?
Osmosis chiitiko chemuviri-kemikari inoitika apo mhinduro mbiri dzezvikamu zvakasiyana zvakapatsanurwa ne Semipermeable membrane. Mukuita uku, mvura, ichiita semunyungudutsa, inoyerera ichibva kune isinganyanyi kunyungudika mhinduro (hypotonic) ichienda kune yakanyanya kuwanda mhinduro (hypertonic), ichinyungudutsa yekupedzisira kusvika vese vasvika pakuenzana.
ari semipermeable membranes, kufanana neganda rehove, inobvumira kupfuura kwemvura asi kwete munyu kana zvimwe zvakanyungudutswa. Izvi zvinoreva kuti hove dzinotsamira pamaitiro aya kuti dzigadzirise salinity nemvura zviri mumiviri yadzo, muitiro unokosha kuti dzirarame munzvimbo iri mumvura.
Dambudziko re osmoregulation muhove dzemvura yakachena
ari hove dzemvura yakachena Vanotarisana nemhoteredzo umo kuwanda kwemunyu kunze kwemuviri wavo kwakadzikira zvakanyanya kupfuura mukati mavo. Muchiitiko ichi, mvura inowanzopinda mumuviri wako kuburikidza neganda uye gill nekuda kweosmosis. Nokuda kwechikonzero ichi, hove dzemvura yakachena dzakagadzira nzira dzakananga dzekudzivirira kuwandisa kwemvura. Mamichina aya anosanganisira:
- Itsvo inoshanda zvakanyanya: Itsvo dziri muhove dzemvura yakachena dzinoburitsa weti yakawandisa kuti ibvise weti yakawandisa. mvura zvinopinda mumiviri yavo.
- Kunyura kusarudzwa kwemunyu: Kuburikidza nemagill nezvimwe zvimiro zvehunyanzvi, hove idzi dzinochengeta munyu wakakosha kuchengetedza kuenzana kwakakodzera kwemukati.
Nekuda kwekuchinja uku, hove dzemvura yakachena hadzidi kunwa mvura, sezvo dzichiitora zvakananga kubva kunharaunda. Itsvo dzako dzinoita basa rakakosha mutemo wemvura, kuve nechokwadi kuti havarasikirwe nemunyu unodiwa pametabolism yavo.
Saltwater Hove Strategies
Kusiyana nehove dzemvura yakachena, hove dzemugungwa dzinotarisana nemhoteredzo uko kusanganiswa kwe rokutengesa mumvura yakakura zvikuru kupfuura mumiviri yavo. Izvi zvinokonzera kurasikirwa kwemvura nguva dzose kuburikidza ne osmosis, iyo inogona kutungamirira dehydration. Kugadzirisa mamiriro aya, hove dzemvura yemunyu dzakagadzira nzira dzakananga, dzakadai se:
- Kushandiswa kwemvura yegungwa: Hove dzemvura yemunyu dzinonwa mvura yegungwa kutsiva kurasika kwemvura. Zvisinei, izvi zvinoreva kupinda kwehuwandu hwakawanda hwe rokutengesa.
- Kubviswa kwemunyu: Kuburikidza negill uye kusvika pamwero muduku kuburikidza neitsvo, vanobvisa munyu wakawandisa.
- Kugadzirwa kweiyo yakadzika weti: Itsvo dzako dzinogadzira zvidiki zveweti yakanyungudika inokubvumira kuchengetedza mvura.
Zvakakosha kutaura kuti iyi osmoregulation mechanism yakakosha kuti mhuka idzi dzirarame munzvimbo yavo yesaline, apo mamiriro eosmotic anopikisana navo.
Zvinhu zvinokanganisa osmoregulation muhove
Pane zvinhu zvakawanda zvinogona kukanganisa kushanda kwe osmoregulation muhove, kusanganisira:
- Hunhu hwemvura: Kuchinja mu munyu, tembiricha uye pH zvinogona kukanganisa kugona kwehove kudzora mvura dzemuviri wadzo.
- Zvirwere: Kuchinja kweitsvo kana gill kunogona kukonzera kusagadzikana mu osmoregulation, izvo zvinogona kutungamirira kuzvirwere zvakadai se. dropsy o dehydration.
- Kugadzirisa kune zvakatipoteredza: Mamwe marudzi, akadai sehove dze diadromous, anokwanisa kujairana nenzvimbo dzakasiyana dzemumvura, achivabvumira kuti vachinje maitiro avo osmoregulatory sezvinodiwa.
Kudzorwa kwemvura yemuviri muhove inzira yakaoma inovabvumira kuenderana nezvinetso zvenzvimbo yavo yemvura, vachivimbisa kurarama kwavo. Kuziva maitiro uye zvinhu zvinokanganisa osmoregulation hazvingotibatsiri kunzwisisa zviri nani zvisikwa izvi zvinonakidza, asi zvakakoshawo pakuchengetedza kwavo uye kutonga munzvimbo dzakadzorwa dzakadai semvura.