Hove Ivo iboka re Mhuka dzinochinja-chinja izvo zvakunda zvinenge zvese zvipenyu zvemumvura zviri panyika. Nekuda kwekusiyana kwavo kunoshamisa, ivo vanowanikwa mukati mvura yakachena y munyu, sezvo iyo Makungwa akadzama kusvikira iyo hova dzemakomo. Kuronga kwavo kwakakosha kuti unzwisise maitiro avo, maitiro avo anatomical uye kugadzirisa kwayo kune zvakatipoteredza.
General classification yehove
Hove dzinoiswa mumapoka makuru akati wandei zvichienderana nechimiro chadzo nekushanduka-shanduka. Mutsara unogamuchirwa zvakanyanya unovapatsanura kuita zvinotevera mapoka matatu makuru:
- Hove dzeBony (Osteichthyes): Ndivo vakawanda uye vane a skeleton yemapfupa.
- Hove dzeCartilaginous (Chondrichthyes): sanganisira shark, mitsetse y chimeras, ine skeleton yecartilage.
- Cyclostome hove (Agnatha): Ihove dzisina shaya dzinosanganisira mwenje y hove.
Hove dzeBony (Osteichthyes)
ari hove dzemabhonzo Ivo vanoumba boka rakasiana zvikurusa mukati merudzi rwemhuka, rinomirira zvinopfuura 95% yemarudzi ose de peces aripo. Ivo vanoratidzwa ne:
- Un skeleton inoumbwa nebhonzo panzvimbo yeshwashwa.
- Gills kudzivirirwa nebony operculum.
- Una kushambira dundira izvo zvinovabvumira kudzora buoyancy yavo mumvura.
- Fins inotsigirwa na mapfupa emusana uye membranous ganda.
Mukati hove dzemabhonzo Isu tinowana maviri makuru subgroups:
Actinopterygians
Ndidzo hove dzine ray fins, iyo inonyanya kuwanikwa mumakungwa nemakungwa. Mienzaniso inosanganisira iyo clownfish, the hove yegoridhe and the trout.
Sarcopterygian
Mwanakomana lobe-finned hove, sai coelacanth and the lungfish, izvo zvaive zvakakosha mukushanduka kwemhuka dzemuzongoza dzepasi.
Hove dzeCartilaginous (Chondrichthyes)
Boka iri rinoumbwa nemhando dzine a skeleton inoumbwa zvachose neshwashwa, iyo inovapa chimiro chakareruka uye chinoshanduka. Zvimiro zvayo zvinosanganisira:
- Kusavapo kwe bony operculum, panzvimbo paizvozvo vane vhura gill slits.
- Ganda rakafukidzwa ne placoid zviyero, izvo zvinovapa rough texture.
- Replaceable mazino panguva yehupenyu hwake hwese.
- Internal fertilization uye, mune dzimwe nguva, viviparity.
Mienzaniso de peces cartilaginous
- White shark (Carcharodon carcharias): Chikara chemakungwa, chakakosha pakuenzanisa kwezvakatipoteredza.
- Manta ray (Manta birostris): Vanozivikanwa nehukuru hwavo hukuru uye mafirita-maitiro ekudyisa.
- Chimaera (Chimaera monstrosa): Hove yakadzika-mvura ine cartilaginous ine chitarisiko chechinyakare.
Cyclostome hove (Agnatha)
Ndizvo hove dzechinyakare dzakawanda uye kushaya shaya. Ivo vanoratidzwa ne:
- Un muviri wakareba akafanana nemboro.
- Muromo ne mukombe wekusveta une mazino ane nyanga.
- Kusavapo kwe zviyero uye mapfupa chaiwo.
Mienzaniso de peces cyclostomes
- Mwenje wegungwa (Petromyzon marinus): Inodya ropa redzimwe hove.
- Hagfish (Myxini): Inovanza viscous mucus sekudzivirira.
Kukosha kwekuronga kwehove
Kunzwisisa kupatsanurwa kwehove kwakakosha kubiology nekuchengetedza, nekuti kunotitendera kuongorora mashandiro adzo ezvakatipoteredza, hukama hwadzo nemhoteredzo yezvisikwa uye maitiro adzo pamaketani echikafu. marinas y rwizi.
Sezvatinofambira mberi muchidzidzo chehove, tinoona kuti mhando yega yega ina akasiyana adaptations kurarama munzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana dzemumvura, izvo zvinoratidza kushanduka kunoshamisa kwemhuka dzine vertebrate idzi kwemamiriyoni emakore.
