Nhasi tichaongorora zvakadzama imwe yehove dzinonakidza uye dzinozivikanwa zvakanyanya munyika: the mackerel. Hove iyi haina kungomira kunze kwayo features muviri uye maitiro, asiwo nekuda kwekudya kwayo kukosha, kukosha kwayo mukuredza kwakasimba uye kugona kwayo mukicheni. Muchinyorwa ichi chese, tichaongorora mune zvese zvaunoda kuziva nezverudzi urwu, zvinofukidza biological, zvinovaka muviri, ecological uye gastronomic zvinhu.
Chii chinonzi mackerel?
Mackerel, nesainzi inozivikanwa se Scomber scombrus, ndeyemhuri yeScombridae. Hove iyi, inonziwo Verdel, Xarda, Sarda Munzvimbo dzakasiyana, ihove yebhuruu inogara mumvura ine munyu uye inonyanya kuwanikwa muAtlantic Ocean neGungwa reMediterranean. Hunhu hwayo hwenhoroondo uye hwetsika hazvirambike, nekuti yakabatwa hove kubva kare nekuda kwenyama yayo. zvine muto and of yakanakisa kuravira.
Muviri wemackerel ndiwo yakareba, hydrodynamic uye fusiform, yakagadzirirwa kukurumidza. Yakafukidzwa nezviyero zviduku, uye ruvara rwayo bhuruu bhuruu kumusana kune mitsetse mitema isina kutsemuka uye nedumbu jena. Iyi dhizaini haingoipa runako chete, asi zvakare chikamu checamouflage uye nzira yekupona mugungwa.
Hunhu hunokosha hwemackerel
Mackerel ihove yepakati nepakati iyo inowanzoyera pakati 25 uye 45 masentimita, kunyange zvazvo vamwe vachigona kusvika 60cm kureba. Huremu hwayo hunogona kusvika kusvika 4,5 kilos mumienzaniso mikuru, kunyange zvazvo vazhinji vevanhu vakabatwa vachirema zvishoma kudarika kilogram.
- Muviri: Fusiform muviri, mutete uye wakanyatso kuenderana kushambira nekumhanya kukuru.
- Fins: Iine zvimbi zviviri zvakapatsanurwa zvemushure, zvimbi zvipfupi zvepectoral uye netsvina inoteverwa nezvinomwe hunhu.
- Coloration: musana weGreenish-blue une wavy black bands, silvery-white dumbu.
- Habitat: Mackerel anowanikwa kunyanya kuNorth Atlantic neMediterranean, kazhinji mumvura yakashama, pedyo nemahombekombe munguva yechirimo.
Chimiro chinonakidza che mackerel ndicho chayo kukwanisa kurarama pakadzika kwakasiyana-siyana kwegungwa. Mumwedzi inotonhora yechando, hove idzi dzinohwanda pakadzika kusvika 170 mamita, kwavanodya zvishoma. Zvisinei, muchirimo nechirimo, vanodzokera kumusoro vachiumba zvikoro zvakawanda.
Maitiro uye madyiro
Mackerel ihove vanhu, ndiko kuti, inogara uye inotama mumabhangi makuru. Maitiro aya haangovapi kuchengetedzwa kubva kune zvikara, asi zvakare kufambisa kudya kwavo. Munguva yekudziya, mackerel anoshingaira kudya plankton, mazai edzimwe hove uye madiki crustaceans. Kana yasvika pakukura pabonde, inova chikara uye inodya hove diki sesardine uye anchovies.
Uyezve, mackerel anoratidza maitiro ekutama. Muchirimo, dzinodzokera kumvura inodziya, dziri mumhenderekedzo yegungwa kunoberekana. Pakati paMay naJuly, vakadzi vairara pakati 200,000 uye 400,000 mazai mumvura yakashama, inochochonya mumazuva mashoma.
Chokwadi chinoda kuziva: Makonye eMackerel anokura nekukurumidza mukati memavhiki ekutanga ehupenyu, achitanga achidya pa zooplankton asati aenda kune kudya kwakawanda.
Kukosha kwezvokudya zvemackerel
El kukosha kwehutano yemackerel inoita kuti ive chikafu chakakosha mukudya kwakanaka. Kuve hove yebhuruu, yakapfuma mukati Omega-3 mafuta acids, yakakosha kuhutano hwemwoyo uye hwehuropi. Hove iyi zvakare inzvimbo yakanaka yekuwana protein high quality, mavitamini nemaminerari.
- Mapuroteni: Rine angangoita a 20% mapuroteni pamagiramu 100, izvo zvinoita kuti ive yakanakira kusimudzira tsandanyama uye kugadzirisa matishu.
- Mavhitaminzi: Especially rich in mavhitaminzi eboka B (B12, B6) uye mafuta-anonyungudika seA uye D.
- Zvicherwa: Iine phosphorus yakawanda, potassium, iron uye selenium, inokosha pamabasa emuviri akadai hutano hwemapfupa uye chiyero che electrolyte.
- Calories: Iine mwero caloric density inosiyana zvichienderana nemwaka wekutora uye nemafuta emukati (anenge pakati 114 uye 236 kcal pa100 gramu).
Maererano netsvagiridzo, kugara uchinwa mackerel kunogona kuderedza zvakanyanya mazinga ehuga. LDL cholesterol uye triglycerides, kukurudzira hutano hwehutano hwemwoyo. Uyezve, iyo yakaderera yemukati ye nemekiyuri inoita kuti ive yakakodzera mazera ese, kunyangwe vanhu vane hyperuricemia kana gout vachifanira kuidya zvine mwero nekuda kwezviri mukati mayo. purines.
Mackerel mune gastronomy
Mackerel ine nzvimbo yakakosha mukicheni nekuda kwekunaka kwayo kwakasiyana uye kwakasiyana siyana iyo inogona kugadzirirwa. Kubva kumagadheni mumafuta, akabikwa kana zvisikwa, kune zvitsva zvekubika zvakagadzirirwa muchoto kana grill, hove iyi inopa mikana yakawanda.
MuAndalusia, mackerel yemumagaba yakawana kuzivikanwa sea Yakachengetedzwa Geographical Chiratidzo (PGI). Ichi chisimbiso chinovimbisa kunaka uye kwakabva machengetedzo, chikamu chakakosha mutsika yekudya yemuno.
Pakati pezvinonyanya kugadzirira, tinowana:
- Yakabikwa mackerel: Yakanakira kunakidzwa neyako kuumbwa y kuravira zvakasikwa, kazhinji inoperekedzwa nemiriwo senge mbatatisi, madomasi uye mhiripiri.
- Mackerel yakakangwa: Inokurumidza uye yakapusa sarudzo inotaridza kutsva kwayo.
- Mackerel pickle: Yakakwana kune avo vari kutsvaga gadziriro ine a kubata kweasidhi uye anonhuwirira.
Uye zvakare, zvinokwanisika kuishandisa mumabikirwo ehunyanzvi senge ceviches, tartar kana sushi, sekureba yakafanoomeswa nechando kudzivirira njodzi dzakadai. anisakis.
Kubata hove uye kuchengetedza
Kuredza mackerel kunonyanya kuitwa nehunyanzvi hwakadai sehomwe seine uye hook net, kuvimbisa vanhu vane hutano. European Union inodzora mugove wekubata hove kuburikidza neTAC (Total Allowable Catches) system, ichidzivirira kuredza hove uye kuona kuwanikwa kwayo kune zvizvarwa zvinotevera.
Muchiitiko ichi, zvakakosha kukoshesa zvose zvinoshandiswa mutoro sekusarudza zvigadzirwa zvakasimbiswa zvinobva mukubata hove kwakasimba. Izvi hazvingodziviriri zvipenyu zvemugungwa chete, asiwo zvinosimudzira miitiro yomunzvimbomo ine mutoro.
Mackerel inomira pachena sehove inonakidza, zvese nekuda kwehunhu hwayo uye nekukanganisa kwayo patsika yegastronomic uye kudya kwakaringana. Hupfumi hwayo mune zvinovaka muviri, kuravira kwakasiyana-siyana uye kusimba mukuredza kunoita kuti ive sarudzo yakanaka yekusanganisa mukudya kwedu. Kubva pamidziyo yakapfava kusvika kune yakaomesesa gadziriro, mackerel inoramba iri chishongo chegungwa chakakodzera kuwanikwazve.