El Mere (Epinephelus marginatus) ndeimwe yehove dzinonyanya kufananidzira dzemvura dzeMediterranean uye kumabvazuva kweAtlantic. Muviri wawo yakasimba uye compact Inonyatso kuenderana nehupenyu pamatombo ane matombo, kwainowana hutiziro pakati pematombo makuru, mapako, uye mikaha. Musoro waro nemuromo zvakakura, uye shaya yezasi inopfuurira mberi kweshaya yepamusoro, inopa maitiro anoisiyanisa kubva kune mamwe marudzi ejenasi. Serranus, sekuvapo kwezvikero pane maxilla uye supermaxilla.
Kugovera, pekugara uye hupenyu hurefu hwegrouper
The grouper anogara kunyanya mu Atlantic uye Mediterranean. Inowanikwa pakadzika kubva 5 uye 400 metres, kunyange zvazvo inofarira nzvimbo pasi kusvika ku50 mamita, nguva dzose zvichienderana nekudzvinyirirwa kwekubata hove. Kureba kwayo kunoshamisa, kazhinji kunosvika makore anopfuura makumi matanhatu ehupenyu uye kupfuura mita imwe pakureba, iyo inoratidza kukura kwayo kunonoka, chinhu chakakosha mukusagadzikana kwevanhu vayo.
Kuchengetedza mamiriro uye kutyisidzira
Iyo grouper inosanganisirwa mu runyoro rutsvuku rwemarudzi ari kutyisidzirwa neIUCN nekuda kwekuredzesa kwakanyanya kwayakasangana nako muhuwandu hwayo. Kukosha kwayo kwekutengesa kwakaita kuti ive mhando inoshuviwa zvakanyanya, saka kudzoreredzwa kwehuwandu hwayo kunoenderana zvakanyanya manejimendi uye matanho ekuchengetedza, sekugadzwa kwenzvimbo dzinochengeterwa mugungwa uye kudzorwa kwemasaizi mashoma ekubatwa. Kuchengetedza vanhu vakuru nevakura kwakakosha, sezvo kubereka kwavo kuri kuenderana nemhando idzi.
Grouper kubereka: proterogynous hermaphroditism
The grouper is a sequential proterogynous hermaphrodite marudzi, ndiko kuti, vanhu vakawanda vanoberekwa vari vanhukadzi uye, nokufamba kwemakore uye mune mamwe mamiriro ezvinhu enzanga kana kuti ezvakatipoteredza, mamwe evakadzi ava vanochinja kuva varume. Kukura pabonde kunosvika se mukadzi anenge makore mashanu, pavanenge vasvika pahukuru hunosvika 49 cm. Shanduko kumurume inowanzoitika pakati pemakore manomwe negumi nemanomwe, kana kana yadarika 7-17 cm kureba, kunyanya kana paine kushomeka kwevarume muhuwandu. Nekudaro, mamwe madzimai anogona kuramba akadaro kwenguva yakareba uye achitosvika pahukuru hukuru, hunoita sehunopindura kune a hurongwa hwekubereka kuchengetedza yakakwirira yekuisa simba.
La mwaka wekubereka yegrouper inonangana panguva ye Zuva, kunyanya pakati paChikunguru naNyamavhuvhu, zvichifambirana nenguva yemwedzi wakazara, nguva inokosha yekuberekesa. Chiitiko chacho chakaonekwa uye chakasimbiswa munzvimbo dzakachengetedzwa dzakadai se Medes Islands, apo kuongorora kwega kwevakadzi kwakabvumira kubereka kuti kusimbiswe, sezvavanobuda zvakare nedumbu risina chinhu mushure memazuva mashoma.
Mazai, kubereka uye kukura
ari Mazai egrouper ari pelagic, zvinoreva kuti mushure mekubereka vanoyangarara zvakasununguka mumbiru yemvura, zvichikurudzira kupararira kwavo. Iyo fecundity yegrouper yakabatana zvakananga nehukuru hwayo uye zera: mukadzi anogona kuisa kupfuura 300.000 oocytes pakirogiramu yehuremu, iyo inosimbisa kukosha kwekuchengetedza zvienzaniso zvakakura mukati mehuwandu hwevanhu.
Kudya uye hunhu
The grouper is a coastal predator iyo inoratidza kufarira cephalopods, kunyanya octopus, kunyange zvazvo kudya kwayo kunowedzerwa ne crustaceans nedzimwe hove. Ihove yenzvimbo, kazhinji inofamba zvishoma nezvishoma, inoshandisa kuvharidzira uye moyo murefu kuvandira mhuka yayo. Nezvekutaurirana, pane zvidzidzo zvinoratidza kuti boka rinokwanisa inoburitsa manzwi anoenderana nemaitiro ekubereka, iyo inowedzera kufarira kune biology yayo uye ethology.
Sekuda kuziva, zvienzaniso zvidiki zvese ndezvevakadzi, uye kuchinja kwepabonde kunoitika kare munhamba dzinoredza zvakanyanyisa, uko varume vari vashoma. Magroupers anowanzoonekwa seasingakuvadzi kune vakasiyana, kunyangwe kutarisa zvine ruremekedzo uye kudzivirira nyonganiso munzvimbo yavo yechisikigo kunokurudzirwa.
Ruzivo rwakadzama rwekuberekana kweboka uye biology yakakosha pakuita zvinobudirira kuchengetedza uye manejimendi matanho, kuve nechokwadi chekupona kweiyi yakasarudzika uye yakakosha mhando yezvipenyu zvemugungwa.
