Kubva kumucheto kwesherufu yekondinendi, iyo kudzika kukuru kwegungwa, ane chimiro chikuru ndeche kunenge kusavapo zvachose kwechiedza chezuva. Imwe yematanho akanyanya kukosha muchikamu ichi ndeye bathyal nzvimbo, iyo iri pakati pe 200 uye 3.000 metres kudzika. Iyi nharaunda inopa nzira kune bani rakadzika-dzika, rinopfuura 3.000 metres, uye hadal zone, uko kwakadzika migero yegungwa papasi.
Hunhu hwenzvimbo yekugeza
Iyo yekugeza zone inzvimbo yakanyanyisa inoratidzirwa mamiriro ekunze zvinodenha upenyu hwemugungwa. Zvikuru zvayo zvinosanganisira:
- Kusavapo kwezuva: Kupinda kwechiedza kudiki, izvo zvinodzivirira iyo photosynthesis uye mamiriro ekugadzirisa kwezvipenyu zvinogara munzvimbo ino.
- Kutonhora uye nguva dzose tembiricha: Pakudzika uku, tembiricha yemvura iri pakati 2 uye 4 degrees Celsius.
- High pressures: Iyo hydrostatic pressure yakakura, ichiwedzera anenge mhepo imwe chete yemamita gumi ekudzika.
- Low oxygen concentration: Hudzamu hukuru nekushaikwa kwephotosynthetic process inodzikamisa huwandu hweokisijeni iripo.
Flora yenzvimbo yekugeza
Tichifunga iyo kusavapo kwechiedza, zvinomera zvephotosynthetic hazvigone kukura munzvimbo yekugeza. Zvisinei, hwaro hwe chain chain Munharaunda iyi zvinoenderana nezvimwe zviwanikwa zve organic matter, senge:
- Organic tsvina: Iyo inozivikanwawo se chando chemvura, zvisaririra zvezvipenyu zvakafa uye zvinhu zvinoora zvinonyura kubva kumusoro.
- Bacterial colonies: Mamwe mabhakitiriya akasarudzika anogona kurarama mumamiriro ezvinhu aya achishandisa maitiro e chemosynthesis.
Mhuka dzenzvimbo yekugeza
Zvipuka zvinogara munzvimbo iyi zvakakura kugadziridzwa kunoshamisa kurarama mumamiriro ezvinhu akaipisisa. Pakati pemhando dzinomiririra zvakanyanya ndezvi:
Bioluminescent hove
Hove dzakawanda munzvimbo yekugeza dzakagadzira kugona gadzira chiedza chako kubudikidza ne bioluminescence. Iyi gadziriso inovabvumira Kukwezva mhuka, taurirana uye kunyange kuzvifukidzira ivo pachavo. Mienzaniso yezvipenyu izvi inosanganisira hove dzemwenje (Myctophidae) dragon hove (Stomiidae).
Deep-sea cephalopods
ari giant squid uye colossal ndezvimwe zvema cephalopods akanyanya enigmatic mudunhu rino. Vane maziso makuru anovabvumira kutora chiedza chiduku chiripo uye advanced camouflage mazano.
Crustaceans uye mamwe invertebrates
ari abyssopelagic crustaceans Vakagadzirisa kutonhora kwakaderera uye kushomeka kwezvokudya. Pakati pavo pane ostracods, ma<em>crustaceans madiki anodya pazvimedu zvakaturikwa.
Shark uye zvikara zvenzvimbo yekugeza
Mune ino ecosystem kune zvakare mamwe ma shark akachinjirwa pakadzika, senge cigar shark (Isistius brasiliensis) Pacific sleeper (Somniosus pacificus), mhando dzakavapo kunyanya nzira dzokuvhima.
Ecological kukosha kwenzvimbo yekugeza
Kunyangwe ichiwanzo furatirwa, nzvimbo yekugezera inoita basa rakakosha mukuyera kweiyo marine ecosystem. Inoshanda senge a carbon sink uye ndiko kumusha kune zvipenyu izvo zvinobatsira kugadzikana kwehupenyu yegungwa.
Sekuongorora kwekufambira mberi kwakadzika, tinoramba tichiwana mhando itsva uye zvinonakidza zviitiko munzvimbo yekugeza. Kunzwisisa kusiyana-siyana kwavo kwezvipenyu hakungori kiyi kubhayoroji yemugungwa, asiwo mukugadzirwa kwemaitiro ekuchengetedza uye kushandiswa kwakasimba kwezviwanikwa zvegungwa.