Kana tine hove mu aquarium, kana tikasanganisa varume nevakadzi vemhando imwe chete, nokukurumidza kana kuti gare gare vanozopedzisira vasangana. Mukutapwa, kubudirira kwekubatana uye kubereka Zvinoenderana nemhando uye zvichienda kuti aquarium yakarongeka sei (zviyero zvemvura, pekugara, kugarisana, chikafu). Kune nzira dzakawanda dzekuita kusvirana kwehove mu aquarium Kuzvinzwisisa kunobvumira kuronga, kudzivirira kukakavara, uye kuwedzera chiyero chekupona kwefry.
Muchinyorwa chino tinokuudza nezve nzira dzakasiyana dzekusangana dzehove mu aquarium uye maitiro avo, pamwe chete kupfimbana maitiro, territorialityNzira dzinoshanda nemhando uye kuongorora kwe nzira dzechisikigo, dzehafu-chakagadzirwa uye dzekugadzira inoshandiswa mune zve aquaculture.
Mhando dzehove dzinosangana mu aquarium
Musiyano wakakosha muhove ndewekuti kusvirana kunoitika mukati kana kunze yemuviri wemukadzi. Isu tinowana oviparous, viviparous, ovoviviparous, uye hermaphroditic marudzi. Pazasi pane mhedziso ine matipi anoshanda eiyo aquariums uye mienzaniso.
- Oviparous hove: Ndivo vanoumba ruzhinji rwezvipenyu. Vakadaro kusangana kwekunzeHadzi inokandira mazai nerume Urume hunopararira mumvuraMazai anogona kunyura pasi, onamatira pamatombo/mashizha, kana kuyangarara. Mune aquarium, ivo vanoshandisa mapako, mashizha akafara, driftwood, kana zvimwe zvekushongedza zvinhu. Vabereki vose vanogona kuva nharaunda uye dzimwe mhando Vanotarisira kuisa, kupinza mhepo mazai kana kuti kudzivirira kubva kune vanopinda.
- Viviparous hove: chipo kubereka kwemukatiMurume anoendesa urume kumukadzi, uyo Feat to the fry uye mazai akatoumbwa. Zvinowanzoitika muhove dzechinyakare ovoviviparous aquarium dzinoonekwa sevatakuri muhobby (senge guppies, platies kana swordtails, technically ovoviviparous muzviitiko zvakawanda) uye mune akasiyana brackish / marine shark.
- Hove yeOvoviviparous: kubereka kwemukati; mushure mekusangana nemukadzi anochengeta mazai mukati. Vana vaduku vanodya zvakanyanya pa yolk yezai uye, kana vachichochonya mukati. vanozvarwa vari vapenyuZvinowanzoitika mune zvakawanda aquarium poeciliids and in shark nemwaranzi.
- Hove yeHermaphroditic: Vane nhengo dzekubereka dzevarume nevakadzi. Inonyanya kuzivikanwa ndeye sequential hermaphroditismVanoshandura bonde panguva yekukura kwavo (proterogynous: mukadzi kune murume, senge wrasses uye parrotfish; protandrous: murume kune mukadzi, se clownfish uye gilthead seabream). Kune zvakare panguva imwe chete hermaphrodites (semamwe serranids) anogona kuita semurume kana mukadzi panguva yekukandira zai. Chiitiko ichi chine zvirevo zvakananga kune kuumbwa kweharems uye hierarchies mumakungwa emvura.
Nzira dzekubata hove mu aquarium
Kuisa zai
Nzira yakajairika yekusangana ndeye yakaiswa pane substrateHadzi dzinokandira mazai pasi kana pamashizha/matombo, uye mukono unoaberekesa. Mumarudzi akawanda vabereki vose vanodzivirira Dzinokandira mazai adzo, dzoapinza mweya, uye dzinorwisa mbavha. Carpines uye mamwe cyprinids Vanogona kukandira zviuru zvemazai, asi Haasi munhu wose anogamuchira kutarisirwa kwevabereki.; vamwe Vanodya mazai acho kana kuti fry. kana vakagara pamwechete.
Kana hove dzako dzichikandira mazai, funga kutamisa vaviri ava farrowing kana imwe aquarium chaiyo yekuisa. Izvi zvinoderedza kushushikana, iyo kudya vanhu nemakakatanwa enzvimbo. Ziva vakadzi vane pamuviri uye gadzirirai pokugara (zvinomera zvakatetepa-mashizha, mapako, matombo akatsetseka) anowedzera kubudirira.
Nest kusikwa
Mamwe marudzi anoita bubble matendere kana kuti vanorongazve matombo nematombo kuti vavake dendere rokukandira mazai. Murume kazhinji fetereza uye chengetedza dendere, achigadzira nokuipfutisa nemhepo. Kukurudzira izvi, ipa zvinoyangarara, mashizha akaomeswa uye nzvimbo dzakanyarara dzisina ikozvino. Iyo nharaunda ine zvivharo uye anchor point Inobatsira dendere kuti rirambe rakagadzikana.
Muromo incubation
Mumhando dzemumuromo, mushure mekusangana mukadzi (uye mune dzimwe nguva murume) inounganidza mazai mumuromo uye anoadzivirira kusvikira achechenywa. Munguva iyi Haidyi, saka kukanganiswa kudiki Runyararo tank mates akakosha. Dzivisa kuvachengeta nehove izvo dya mazai kana fry uye chenjerai yakagadzikana parameters kuti isaite kuti isvipire zai.
Ovoviviparity
Mune ovoviviparous mhuka dzakadai guppiesMurume anoshandisa gonopodium (modified anal fin) yekuendesa urume. Mukadzi feat of fry uye marara akatoumbwa. Vakadzi vakawanda vanogona chengeta urume panguva dzakawanda uye kubereka pasina kuvapo kwemurume. Munharaunda dzakasimwa zvikuru, Java moss uye dense zvirimwa Vanopa pekugara kune fry uye kurarama zviri nani.
Tsika dzekupfimbana, kurira, mwenje, uye kudzivirira nharaunda
Mukuwedzera kune rudzi rwekubereka, hove inoratidzira midungwe yemuchato nekutamba kukwezva mumwe. Vamwe varume kuruma zvimbi kana kuti dzinogara pedyo nejira remukadzi kuti rikurudzire kutunda; mamwe, akadai seanelefish uye seahorses, anoratidza mabasa akachinjwa umo murume pinza mazai musagaDzimwe mhando dzinobuda inonzwika nedundira rekushambiraDiscover matauriro anoita hovechinhu chinobatsira mu low lightingMunzvimbo dzakadzika, iyo bioluminescence inogona kukwezva vakomana kana vasikana.
Mumarudzi anovaka matendere, the territorialism Inowedzera kutaurwa. Dzimwe angelfish uye cichlids kuchengetedza kudzivirira kwakasimba yenzvimbo dzekuisa. The bridal coloring and the zvepabonde dichromatism (More colorful males) anowanikwa muwrasses, green wrasses, nedzimwe mhuri, izvo zvinobatsira kuziva bonde uye hunhu hwekubereka. Kuva nzvimbo, pokugara uye zvipingamupinyi zvinoonekwa inoderedza kukakavara mu aquarium.
Kuberekesa kutama uye nzira dzakanyanyisa
Muzvisikwa, mhando dzakawanda dzinoita kutama kubereka. anadromes (sesalmon) vanogara mugungwa uye vanoshambira vachikwidza nzizi kunobereka; the catadromes (kunge eels) ita rwendo rwekudzokera shure. Dzimwe nzira dzakanyanyisa dzinosanganisira parasitic varume muhove yakadzika-mugungwa sehove yehove, apo mukono, muduku zvikuru, Inobatana nemuviri wemukadzi kuti tive nechokwadi chekubereka. Mune pelagic marudzi, mazai-akaisa anogona kusvika mamiriyoni mazaikuripa kushaikwa kwekuchengetwa kwevabereki nekugadzirwa kwakawanda.
Mazano uye nzira kubva kune akakurumbira aquarium mapoka
Basic conditionsRudzi rumwe norumwe rune zvinodiwa pakugara. Check tembiricha, pH, kuoma uye kugarisana. Inopa pekugara (zvirimwa, mapako) uye chikafu chakasiyana chakapfuma mukati mapuroteni uye mavitamini kukurudzira kubereka uye kuumbwa kwemazai akanaka.
- Guppies, mapurati uye minondo (ovoviviparous): tempera between 24-27 ºC, pH 7-7,8Zvirimwa zvakadai Amazonian bakatwa uye Java moss Vanopa nzvimbo dzekuvanda. Keep 1 murume wevakadzi 2-3 kudzivisa kushungurudzwa. Madzimai anogona kuzvara mavhiki mana-6 ega ega; have chinyoreso kana mambure anoyangarara inowedzera kupona kwefry.
- betta splendens (bubble dendere): yakaderera aquarium ne 10-15 cm yemvuraIndian almond shizha uye chivharo chinoyangarara. Kutanga murume, mukadzi pakuonekwa kwakasiyana; pakuisunungura, mukono unovaka dendere uye anombundira mukadzi kusunungura uye kuisa mazai. Mushure mekurara, bvisa mukadziMukono unochengeta dendere. ichiri mvura nekuvhara iyo aquarium kuve nechokwadi chemhepo inodziya uye ine hunyoro.
- Zebritas (Danio rerio, oviparous): Kuparadzanisa vanhukadzi kwevhiki imwe kana mbiri. Gadzira tangi ne mesh kana girazi beads kuitira kuti mazai kudonha kusingasvikike yevabereki. Hukama 2 varume pamukadziZuva ranyura, bvisa vanhu vakuru uye zvinyoro nyoro oxygenates.
- Kribensis nemamwe madiki cichlids (mapako): vanayo mapako, machubhu kana makokonatiyakanaka substrate (2-4 mm) uye yakanaka oxygenation. Vabereki kazhinji kutarisira mazai uye fry. The biofilms uye algae Vanopa micronutrients kune vacheche.
- Charcins uye carp (kuparadzira mazai): nani mukati madziva makuru kana matangi nemvura ichangobva kuchinjwa; shandisa zvinomera se Fox muswe kana kubereka mops. Uses zviyero zvevarume 2-3 pamunhukadzi uye bvisa vanhu vakuru mushure mekuisa.
Zvisikwa, semi-zvakagadzirwa uye nzira dzekugadzira kubereka (aquaculture)
Kunyangwe mu aquarium yepamba ndiyo inonyanya kukosha kuberekana kwepanyamaMune aquaculture, kune zvibvumirano zvinobvumira kurudzira kubereka uye kudzora incubation kuvandudza kupona:
- Natural: Varume nehadzi vanounzwa pamwechete mumivharo yakagadzirwa kana madziva (miti, matendere, matumba). tevedzera masaini ezvakatipoteredza (kupinza mvura yakachena, kushanduka kudiki kwemwero, zvinomera) kukonzeresa kubereka mumhando dzakadai secarp uye catfish.
- Semi-artificial: se inopa hormonal dose (semuenzaniso, zvakamisikidzwa pituitary zvinyorwa kana mamwe magonadotropin) kuwiriranisa ovulation. Hove dzinoberekera mumikombe dzakagadzirirwa uye Mazai akaorera anounganidzwa kuti vazvifukidze nekutonga kukuru uye oxygenation.
- Artificial (kubvisa): mushure mekugadzirwa kwehomoni uye kutonga kwe ovulation nguva (yakayerwa mukati dhigirii-maawa pane imwe tembiricha), iyo Vanobvisa mazai nembeu. Manually, yakaoma fertilization inoitwa uye incubate mumidziyo kuchinjirwa kurudzi rwezai.
Adhesive vs. isina-adhesive mazai: zvinonamatira (zvakajairwa carp, akawanda cichlids) anounganidzwa pa vaunganidzi (zvinomera, mops, fiber kakaban) kana zvakaiswa pairi nzvimbo dzinopinza mweyaZvisizvo zvisinganamati (Chinese / Indian carp, trout) zvinoda kuyerera kwakatsetseka uye kunopfuurira kugara wakachena uye neokisijeni.
Incubation uye zvishandisoZvichienderana nemhando, zvinotevera zvinoshandiswa: mesh makeji kana mambure, mesh mabhokisi, migero yemvura ine laminar flow, cubes ine yakananga aeration uye, kazhinji, vertical funnel-type incubators (conical kana cylindrical-conical) inobata mazai mukati kufamba zvishoma nezvishoma uye neokisijeni zvakanaka. Inogadzirisa iyo caudal pachikamu chega chega: kushushikana kudiki panguva kuzvimba yezai, kuwedzera kunofambira mberi blastula/gastrula nekuyerera kukuru kubva embryo nemaziso kusvika pakuchechenywa.
LarvicultureMushure mekuchechenywa, makonye anodya zvawo yolk sac uye anochinjirwa kune exogenous feeding. Vanoshandiswa zvivharo zvemvura zvakadzikama kana kurera mafunnels ezvipfuyo uye magata anotenderera kana matangi zvemakonye anoshanda. Zvakakosha kupa rarama microfoods (rotifers, artemia nauplii) uye kuchengetedza oksijeni yakawandaChiedza chakapfava uye nzvimbo dzakachena kudzivirira mold nebhakitiriya.
Kuronga hurongwa hudikiKana iwe uchida kuitora imwe nhanho, verenga mvura inoyerera, miganhu Kuberekera, incubation uye fry nzvimbouye anoronga a kuchenesa uye drainage circuit Chokwadi. Pachiyero chekuzvivaraidza, rimwe kana maviri ebetsero matangi, manifold, uye a homemade incubator (purasitiki funnel ine inogadziriswa kuyerera) uye mhenyu chikafu tsika.
Mvura parameter, kuwirirana uye kutarisirwa kwakakosha
Kukurudzira kusvirana nekuberekana, chengeta tembiricha dzakagadzikana mukati memhando yemhando, pH uye kuoma kwakakodzera, uye inodzivirira spikes mukati ammonia/nitritesNguva dzose mvura inoshanduka ne conditioner uye misiyano midiki inodzorwa inogona kukurudzira kubereka mune oviparous. Kugarisana ne shamwari dzine rugare and the kunyanya kuratidzwa kwedzimba Vanoderedza kushushikana uye vanovandudza chibereko.
La Pre-spawning feeding akapfuma muprotein (red larvae, daphnia, artemia) inovandudza zai uye urume kunakaMushure mekuisa kana kubereka, inofambisa chikafu chakanaka uye kazhinji kufighter (infusoria, rotifers, atemia ichangobva kuchochonywa kana emhando yepamusoro-microgranulated feeds) uye inodzora sefa kuyerera kuti zvisavasveta mukati.
Nokunzwisisa kuti zvakasiyana sei nzira dzekusviranaNekutarisa tsika dzekupfimbana, dziviriro yenzvimbo, uye nzira dzekuberekesa, zvinogoneka kugadzira zvitunha zvemvura zvemhando yepamusoro. yakagadzikana, yakachengeteka uye yakabudiriraZvingave ne substrate-based egg-laying, bubble matendere, mouthbrooding, kana ovoviviparity, kugadzirisa zvakatipoteredza uye kupa tarisiro chaiyo inoita mutsauko pakati pekukandira zai pane imwe nguva uye inobudirira. kuberekana kwakasimba kupfuuridza nguva.
