Vanoti ndiyo shaki ine hunyanzvi pasi rese. Kunyangwe paine akasiyana akasiyana mashark mumakungwa ese nemakungwa epasi, shark iyi iri kutaurwa ndiyo ine hunyanzvi. Zvayo ndezve thresher shark. Iyo inozivikanwa zvakare nemamwe mazita senge yakavezwa gava, bigeye gava uye muswe gava. Zita rayo resainzi ndi Alopias superciliosusNdiyo imwe yemhando iyo ndeye genus Alopias uye mhuri Alopiidae.
Muchikamu chino, ticharatidza zvese zvakavanzika zvehuresh shark uye hunhu hwayo hukuru. Pamusoro peruzivo rwakajairwa, isu tichasanganisira kiyi data nezve yayo biology, maitiro, pekugara pasi rose uye nzira dzekuvhima iyo inobatsira kuiziva nekudzivirira, tichifunga kuti mu genus Alopias kune marudzi matatu (akajairika A. vulpinus, the pelagic A. pelagicus uye uya ane maziso makuru A. superciliosus), ine maficha akagovaniswa asiwo akakodzera misiyano.
Mhando huru
Ndiyo imwe ye shark iyo yakawanda kudiwa kwekutengeserana Hune mukurumbira pasi rose. Izvi zvinodaro nekuti nyama yayo ine kutsva kusingaenzaniswi. Uyezve, its piel Inoshandiswa kugadzira zvipfeko zvematehwe.
Nekuda kwekuenderera mberi kwekuredza kunoitwa nevanhu, iyo International Union yeKuchengetedzwa Kwezvisikwa (IUCN) yakanyora zvinyorwa munzvimbo isina kusimba. Uku kuvhima uye kuteedzera kunofungidzirwa kunge kuri kutsvaira vazhinji veva shark kutenderera pasirese.
Ziso rakashama, chakanyanya kumira pamusoro peshark iyi maziso ayo mahombe. Aya maziso anoshandiswa kuzivisa zviri nyore nekuapatsanura. Kutenda kumeso makuru ivo vanogona kuona mukudzika kwegungwa, kunyangwe iine mwenje mushoma. Sekuziva kwedu, apo patinodzikira mukudzika, tinowana hushoma huwandu hwemwaranzi yezuva inosvika uye, nekudaro, kune akasiyana magadzirirwo anofanirwa kutarisirwa kuti akwanise kurarama munzvimbo dzakadzika. Semuenzaniso, kune hove dzine ganda rakapfava kuti dzikwanise kuenderana nekumanikidza kukuru kuri pasi pemvura.
Mune ziso guru shark (A. superciliosusMaziso aya iri panzvimbo yakakwirira mumusoro uye uve nemagadzirirwo ekugadzirisa kuona muchiedza chakaderera. Pamusoro pe, tembiricha yakakwira zvishoma kupfuura iyo yemvura yakatenderedza nekuda kwe thermoregulation michina, imwe rubatsiro rwekuchengetedza kushanda mumvura yakadzika uye yakadzikama.
Kubva pane taxonomic maonero ndeye odha Lamniformes, mhuri Alopiidae uye genus AlopeciaMumitauro yakasiyana-siyana inogamuchira mazita anoreva nezvayo muswe wakareba (senge 'raposo do mar' muchiGalician kana 'foxfish' muchiBasque), inoyeuchidza nezvemakava enyika uye inotsanangura kwakakurumbira kwakabva zita rayo.
Descripcion
Iyo thresher shark ine hurefu huri pakati pemamita matatu kusvika mana, dzimwe nguva ichisvika mashanu metres. Kazhinji inosvika huremu huri pakati pe3 kg ne4 kg. Chinonyanya kukosha, kunze kwemaziso makuru, ukuru hukuru hwe caudal fin.Saizi yefin iyi chete inogona kusvika hafu yehukuru hwemuviri wayo wese.
The pectoral fins, zvisinei, yakakura kupfuura kureba. Kana dziri ruvara rwavo, tinogona kuona kuti munzvimbo ye Dumbu rine ruvara ruchena. uye nzvimbo yaro yose ine rima. Rudzi urwu runogona kukanganisa nyore kune rinenge dema, grey ruvara. Mhuno yaro ipfupi ine rushaya rudiki. Iine mazino akapinza zvakanyanya, madiki. Rushaya rwepamusoro chete runogona kuva nemazino anenge 19 kusvika ku24. Pane rimwe divi, Iyo yakaderera inogona kuumbwa pakati pe20 ne24.
Rudzi urwu rweshaki a mushambiri akanaka Inokwanisa kumhanya ichimhanya zvikuru. Iine madiki madiki denticles. Mhuka iyi haina kana chigumbu. Mukupesana, haina ngozi kuvanhu.
Muvanhu vakuru uye embryos, a horizontal furrow kutambanudza kubva kune gill kuvhurika kumashure (chinhu chinobatsira pakuisiyanisa kubva kune mamwe marudzi murudzi rwayo). Dentition yaro inowanzotsanangurwa mumatanho akadai 21/20 kusvika 22/23 zvidimbu pashaya (isina akaiswa chechipiri cusps), kunyangwe mumunda maverengero anosiyana zvishoma nehuwandu hwevanhu uye saizi.
Iyo yakanyanyisa kureba yekumusoro caudal fin inoita se hydrodynamic lever muchidimbu, kufamba kunoputika. Muswe uyu, kunze kwekusiyaniswa, ndicho chishandiso chinobatisa shark nekukatyamadza mhuka yayo, uye inotsanangura zvakawanda zvekubudirira kwayo sechikara chezvikoro zvepelagic.
Nzvimbo yeTresher shark uye renji
Sezvatakambotaura, mhuka idzi dzinowanikwa pakadzika dzingangoita 30 kusvika 150 metres. Dzimwe nguva vanogona kuonekwa pakadzika kwemamita 500. Tinogona kuvawana vachigara mumvura dzinopisa uye kudzikamaIzvi zvinoreva kuti nzvimbo yayo yekugovera inofukidza inenge nyika yose.
Kana tikachiwana munzvimbo dzenzvimbo, tinogona kuiwana mu: United States, kubva kumahombekombe eNew York kuenda kuCalifornia, uye mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzakadai seHawaii, Cuba, South Africa, Japan, uye New Zealand.Hupo hwakanyorwawo kumabvazuva kweAtlantic (kusanganisira Portugal neSpain, nemishumo mu Mazagón), Indian Ocean (yakadai seGungwa Dzvuku) nenzvimbo huru dziri kumabvazuva nekumadokero kwePacific. Mhando iyi ndeye pelagic, asi inogona kuswedera kumhenderekedzo kudyisa kana kune hove dzakawanda.
Ita kutama yakabatana nekuwanikwa kwemhuka uye magradients ekupisa, nemafambiro anogona kuvhara madaro makuru. Inopawo kutama kwakatwasuka zuva nezuva (kukwira kumusoro mambakwedza / mambakwedza uye masikati), maitiro akajairika mumhuka dzinodya pelagic dzinotevera zvikoro. de peces izvo zvinotsvaga akakwana akaturikidzana echiedza uye tembiricha.
Mune mamwe matunhu, mathresher shark anowanzoonekwa pazviteshi zvekuchenesa kana nzvimbo dzine outcrops Nzvimbo dzakapfuma-zvinovaka muviri dzinokwezva hove dzepelagic. Dive nzvimbo dzinozivikanwa nekusangana ne thresher shark (yeiyo genus Alopecia) zvinosanganisira nzvimbo dzakadai Malapascuala Malpelo Islandla Socorro Island uye matunhu e South Africa, uko mukana wekuona unowedzera nekuda kwemamiriro egungwa uye nemwaka kuunganidzwa kwemhuka.
Zvokudya
Iye zvino ngatione izvo zvinodzivirira shark. Kuva shark ane hunyanzvi, isu tiri kubata nevakawanda muvhimi. Iyo ine imwe nzira yekuvhima kupfuura mamwe mashark. Izvi zvinodaro nekuti inoshandisa muswe wayo kuvhima vayakabatwa. Mupfungwa iyi, inokwanisa kushandisa iyo gundi munzira dzakasiyana. Yekutanga kurova pamusoro neiyo fin, zvichikonzera kuti hove dzitange kuungana. Vanobva vatenderera neruzha runorova boka de peces uye nenzira iyoyo anogona kuvarwisa pavanenge vasingakuvadzi.
Iyi nzira yekuvhima iri kuita kuti ive mhuka ine hunyanzvi. Kudya kwaro kunobva zvakanyanya tuna, crustaceans, octopus, crabs, squid uye dzimwe shiri dzemugungwa dzainokwanisa kuvhima. Shiri idzi dzinonyura kuti dzivhime dzimwe hove. Shark vanokwanisa kuvavhima pasina dambudziko.
Pamusoro pehove hombe dzepelagic, inowanzodya zvikoro zve sardine, anchovies, herring, mackerel uye needlefishYakajairika mvura yakavhurika mhuka. Muromo waro mudiki nemazino akatsetseka anojairirwa kubata hove dzepakati/diki-diki pane kubvambura zvimedu zvakakura zvenyama. Kana huwandu hwemhuka huchikwira, thresher shark inogona shandira pamwe zvakasununguka nevamwe vanhu kuti vatarise boka, asi kuvhima uri woga ndiyo tsika.
Iyo 'muswe whip' maitiro anoitwa muzvikamu zviviri: chekutanga, shark inomhanyisa uye dhirowa denderedzwa kubatanidza chikoro nekuchitungamira kumadziro emafuru kana pamusoro; ipapo, inobhureki kamwe kamwe uye inoronga iyo caudal fin kumberi nekamwe kamwe uye ine simba kufamba, zvinoshamisa kuhove dzakawanda panguva imwe chete. Iro idanho repamusoro-simba-simba rinowedzera kubata nekupfupika kwekuedza.
Dzimwe nguva vanogona kutyora (kusvetuka kubva mumvura), kungave panguva yekudzingirira kana mushure mekuvhima; mukana wekuedza kutora kwakanyorwa zvakare shiri dzegungwa kunyura ikoko, hunhu hunosimbisa hunyanzvi hwavo hwekuita zvakasiyana.
Kuburitsa Thresher shark
Ngatitarisei pane zvese zviripo zvekuziva nezve thresher shark kubereka. Kuberekana kwemhuka idzi hakunei nemwaka kana mwedzi chaiwo wegore. Naizvozvo, Vanogona kuzviita chero nguva yegoreIzvi zvinovapa mukana mukuru wekubereka uye zvinokwanisika kuti, nekuda kwemuenzaniso wekubereka uyu, havasi mumamiriro ezvinhu akaipisisa ekuchengetedza kupfuura zvavari nhasi.
Vasati vaita chiito chekukwirana, vanofanirwa kunge vasvika mukukura pabonde. Zera iri rinosiyana zvichienderana nekuti murume here kana mukadzi. Vamwe vavo vanogona kusvika pazera remakore matatu, asi vamwe vanogona kunge vasvika pamakore mapfumbamwe.Zvose zvinoenderana nemuviri wemunhu wega wega uye kukura kwake.
Kufanana nemhando dzakawanda dze shark, kubereka kwavo ndekwe ovoviviparousIzvi zvinoreva kuti vana vanokura mukati memukadzi, asi mukati mezai, kwenguva ye9 mwedzi. Chinhu chinoda kuziva ndechekuti shark idzi, dziri mukati mezai, dzinowanzodya pa... mazai asina kuberekaVanhukadzi vanogona kuita vana pakati pe2 kusvika 4 panguva imwe neimwe yekuberekesa.
Panguva yekuzvitakura, "embryos" anotoratidza maitiro ekuongorora senge yambotaurwa yakahorizontal groove uye muswe wakareba zvakaenzanaPakuberekwa, vana vanosvika hukuru hunoremekedzwa kana vachienzaniswa nedzimwe shark, zvichivapa mikana iri nani yekupona kune zvikara.
Kuva pakati pemhando dzinonyanya kudiwa nevanhu, zvese kune nyama yayo uye ganda rayo, iri kutyisidzirwa. Thresher shark yekupedzisira sopu iri kudiwa zvakanyanya pakati peakawanda gastronomic hupfumi. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti zvikamu zvikuru zvakabviswa munguva pfupi yapfuura yehuwandu hwepasi rose hwethresher shark, nekudzikira kwematunhu kusvika kunosvika 80% mune dzimwe ongororo.
Pamusoro pekuredza kwakanangwa, thresher shark inotambura bycatch (bycatch) mumidziyo yekuredza senge mitsetse mirefu nemambure ekukukurwa. Naizvozvo, munzvimbo dzinoverengeka kubatwa kwayo ndiko kurambidzwa kana kurambidzwaMatanho ekutarisira akaitwa, senge quota limits, mashoma saizi, kuderedza kufa panguva yekuburitswa, nzvimbo dzakachengetedzwa dzemugungwa, uye zvibvumirano mukati mematunhu ekutonga hove. Munyika yose, chimiro chayo ... Zvinotambudza (IUCN), iyo inosimbisa kukosha kwekutarisa huwandu hwevanhu uye kuisa pamberi pekuchengetedza.
Zviri zvachose zvisina kukuvadza Kune vakanyura, zvinonyara. Zvakaoma kusvika kwavari, uye havana hasha kune dzimwe mhuka dzakakura kupfuura ivo. Munzvimbo dzekunyura uko kuoneka uye mafungu anofarira kusangana, macode emaitiro anosimudzirwa kuderedza kushushikana Mumhuka, dzivisa chirauro uye kuremekedza nzvimbo dzakachengeteka.
Kuwedzera pamwe chete maitiro ayo akasiyana (meso akakura, muswe wakareba, uye tsika dzepelagic), nzira dzayo dzekuvhima dzakasiyana, uye kugovera kwayo kuzere mumvura inodziya uye inopisa, thresher shark inozvimisa seimwe yeanonyanya kufadza shark mugungwa. Kunzwisisa kuti rinorarama sei, zvarinodya, uye kuti rinokurira dzvinyiriro dzipi kunoita kuti tinzwisise kuti nei richidaro Kuchengetedza kwayo ndiko kunokosha Uye nei kurichengeta murusununguko iri ropafadzo inofanira kutarisirwa zvine musoro.
