Pasi penzvimbo yakagwamba nechando ye Gungwa reWeddell, muAntarcticaChikwata chemasayendisiti chepasi rose chakawana chimwe chinhu chavaisatsvaga: boka guru rematendere de peces Zvacherwa nokungwarira kubva pasi pegungwa, zvaiita sebasa rekuongorora gungwa zvakazopedzisira zvaratidza nharaunda yakavanzika yakanga yakavharwa kwezviuru zvemakore pasi pechando chakakora.
Nzvimbo iyi yakatanga kusvikika mushure mekunge iceberg A68Chivako chikuru chechando chakaputika muna 2017 kubva paLarsen C ice shelf. Shanduko iyi yakabvumira vaongorori kusvika kunzvimbo isina kumbobatwa nesainzi nemagwaro, kekutanga, iyo kuvapo kukuru kwematendere de peces pasi pechando cheAntarctic, zvine zvazvinoreva pakuchengetedzwa kwegungwa munharaunda iyi.
Kuwanikwa kusingatarisirwi pasi pechando cheGungwa reWeddell
Rwendo rwacho, rwakaitirwa muchikepe chekutsvagisa SA Agulhas II Munguva yerwendo rwakatora mavhiki angangoita manomwe, chinangwa chayo chikuru chaive chekutsvaga zvasara zvengarava yekare Kutsungirira kweHMS, yakanyura muna 1915. Zvisinei, mamiriro ezvinhu akaoma echando chegungwa akadzivisa kuongororwa kwakazara kwenzvimbo dzese dzakarongwa, zvichiita kuti timu itarisire pasi pegungwa rakafumurwa mushure mekunge chando chadzokera shure.
Kuti vaongorore nharaunda iyi isingawanikwe nevanhu vanonyura mumvura, masayendisiti akatendeukira kumotokari iri pasi pemvura inoshandiswa kure, inozivikanwa se LassieNekuda kwerobhoti iyi, ine makamera ane resolution yepamusoro, zvinotevera zvakarekodhwa: Mifananidzo isingaenzaniswi yegungwa rakafukidzwa nezvivako zvakatenderera, chimwe chinhu chaimbonzi makomba akapfava ari mumadhaka.
Ongororo yakadzama yakaratidza kuti zvaisava zvisina kunaka munzvimbo yacho, asi kuti makomba akatenderera anopfuura chiuru akacherwa nehoveimwe neimwe inogarwa nemuenzaniso wemhando dzemhuka Lindbergichthys nudifronsHove dzemhando yeAlbacore kana kuti Rock Dogfish. Hove imwe neimwe yaishanda sedendere raiiswa mazai uye raidzivirirwa.
Nzvimbo yaiva nematendere aya yakanga yasara yakavharwa pasi pemamita angangoita mazana maviri echando kwenguva yakareba kwazvo, zvichireva kuti rudzi urwu rwenzvimbo dzekugara haruna kumbodzidzwa kare. Kuvhurwa kwaro mushure mekubereka kwechando A68 kwakapa mukana wakasiyana wekuona kuti zvipenyu zvemugungwa zvinopindura sei kuchinja kwakanyanya kwezvakatipoteredza munzvimbo yeAntarctic.
Panzvimbo penzvimbo yakafanana uye isina chinhu, robhoti repasi pemvura rakaratidza rudzi rwe "guta repasi pemvura" rematendere, yakaparadzirwa nemazvo yakabata pfungwa dzechikwata chekutsvagisa uye yakakurumidza kukurudzira kufarira kwenharaunda yesainzi yepasi rose.
Matendere akaita sei uye ndiani anoavaka?
Mifananidzo yakawanikwa nemotokari yaishandiswa kure yakaratidza kuti matendere acho akanga makomba akatenderera akacherwa mumatopeimwe neimwe inogarwa nehove huru uye mazai anoonekwa zvakajeka. Mhando iyi ine basa, Lindbergichthys nudifronsNdicho hove dzinowanikwa mumvura inotonhora yeAntarctic, inoenderana nekupisa kwakanyanya uye mamiriro ekunze asina chiedza chakawanda.
Masayendisiti akanyora mhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzemaumbirwo ejometri Kurongeka kwematendere—macrescents, maovals, zvivakwa zvakaita seU, uye matendere akaparadzana asina vavakidzani vepedyo—zvinoratidza maitiro akaoma ekubereka uye pamwe nzira dzakasiyana zvichienderana nehukuru, zera, kana mamiriro emuviri wehove imwe neimwe.
Chimwe chezvinhu zvakabata pfungwa dzechikwata ndechekuti Rudzi rwedendere rwainyanya kuzivikanwa rwaiva rwedendere rakaungana.Kureva kuti, mapoka madiki emakomba ari pedyo zvikuru. Iyi fomati inomiririra inenge 42% yezvikamu zvese zvakaonekwa munzvimbo yakaongororwa.
Mumatendere iwayo akaungana, zvinotevera zvakaonekwa varume vanochengeta mazai kwemwedzi inenge mina, nguva yakareba yekuchenjerera apo hove dzinoramba dziri pedyo zvikuru nembeu, zvichideredza mukana wekurwiswa nemhuka dzinogona kuvadya.
Asi, Matendere ari kure airatidzika kunge aigara nemhuka dzakakura, inokwanisa kuzvidzivirira zviri nani. Muzviitiko izvi, nzira yekubereka inenge isinganyanyi kutsamira paboka asi zvakanyanya pasimba rehove imwe neimwe inodzivirira dendere rayo.
Kudzivirira pamwe chete uye dzidziso yeboka reudyire
Maitiro anoonekwa mumatendere akaungana anoenderana zvakanaka nezvinorondedzerwa nemabhuku esainzi se "dzidziso yeudyire yeboka"Zvichienderana nepfungwa iyi, vanhu havaungani zvakanyanya kuti vashande pamwe chete vasina rupo, asi nekuti nekuzviparadzanisa nevamwe vanoderedza mukana wekuva chinangwa chaicho chemhuka inodya mhuka.
Kushandiswa pamatendere de peces Pasi pechando cheAntarctic, mazai anoungana pamwe chete makomba makuru Izvi zvinogona kuderedza mukana wekuti munhu wese arwiswe. Kubva kunze, boka remazai nevakuru ndiro rinoita basa guru, asi njodzi yacho inopararira pakati pevanhu vakawanda.
Munzvimbo iyi chaiyo, vavengi vakuru vakawanikwa ndevaya nyeredzi dzakapfava nehonye dzeribhoniZvipenyu izvi zvinokwanisa kuwana mazai nekutevera nzira dzemakemikari mumvura. Kune zvikara izvi, kuwana dendere rakaparadzana kunogona kuva nyore, asi kuwana chinangwa chaicho pakati pemazana emakomba ari pedyo kunova kwakaoma zvikuru.
Zvakaonekwa zvinoratidza kuti izvi nzira yekudzivirira pamwe chete Maitiro aya anogona kunge akanyanya kuwanda pakati pematendere akaungana, nepo matendere ari ega achinyanya kuvimba nehukuru uye hukasha hwehove dziri maari. Maitiro aya maviri anopa zviratidzo nezvekuoma kwemaitiro ekubereka munzvimbo dzakanyanya seGungwa reWeddell.
Pamusoro pezvo, makamera emotokari iri kure akaratidza makonye ari mune mamwe matendereIzvi zvakasimbisa kuti zvivakwa izvi hazvisi nzvimbo dzekugara kwenguva pfupi chete, asi nzvimbo dzechokwadi dzekubereka dzinoshanda kutenderera kwehupenyu hwese kukura pasi pechando.
Nzvimbo yeAntarctica yakaoma kunzwisisa kupfuura zvaifungidzirwa kare
Mhedzisiro yerwendo urwu inowedzera ku zvakacherechedzwa kare nezvedzimwe hove dzeAntarctic dzakasiyanazvakaita sehove inonzi icefish, inozivikanwa neropa rayo rinoonekera uye inochinjika kuchando chakanyanya. Zvakawanikwa kakawanda zverudzi urwu munzvimbo imwe chete zvinoratidza kuti pasi peGungwa reWeddell pane network yezvakatipoteredza yakaoma kupfuura zvaifungidzirwa kare.
Kusvika nguva pfupi yadarika, nzvimbo dzakafukidzwa nechando chisingaperi dzaifungidzirwa kuti dzaive nzvimbo dzisina kunaka mumarudzi akasiyana-siyana ezvisikwa, dzichiganhurirwa nekushaikwa kwechiedza uye kushomeka kwechikafu. Zvisinei, kuvapo kwemapoka makuru ematendere. de peces pasi pemauto echando eAntarctic fungazve pfungwa idzi Zvatonzwisiswa kuti, kunyangwe mumamiriro ezvinhu akaoma, hupenyu hunowana nzira dzekubudirira.
KuEurope, kunyanya kune vesainzi vari munyika dzakadai seSpain, Germany, neUnited Kingdom, avo vanotora chikamu mukutsvaga kwepolar, kuwanikwa uku kunonyanya kufarirwa. Data rakaunganidzwa richabvumira Kuvandudza mamodheru ekugadzira zvinhu zvegungwa uye kuberekana kwemarudzi akakosha egungwa muSouthern Ocean, chimwe chinhu chakakosha pakunzwisisa basa reAntarctica mukuenzana kwemamiriro ekunze epasi rose.
Uyezve, masayendisiti anotaura kuti mhando idzi dzezvakatipoteredza dzinogona kukanganiswa zvakanyanya ne kuchinja kwekushisa kwemvura uye huwandu hwechando chegungwaKuchinja kwezvinhu izvi kunogona kuchinja kupararira kwematendere, kuwanikwa kwechikafu, kana kuvapo kwezvikara, zvichikonzera matambudziko munharaunda yese yezvisikwa.
Kuvhurwa kwenzvimbo dzaisambosvikika, dzakadai sedzakafumurwa mushure mekubereka kwechando cheA68, kunoita kuti pave neruzivo rwakasiyana rwekuti kutarisa kuti zvipenyu zvemugungwa zvinozvigadzirisa sei zvichienderana nekuchinja kwakangoerekana kwaitikaZvisinei, zvinopawo dambudziko rekudzivirira kuwedzera kwekumanikidzwa kwevanhu muzvinhu zvipenyu izvo zvisati zvambobatwa kusvika pari zvino.
Zvazvinoreva pakuchengetedzwa kweGungwa reWeddell
Kuwanikwa kwenzvimbo iyi yakakura yematendere kwakasimbisa pfungwa dzeavo vanga vachitsigira kuumbwa kwe Nzvimbo Yakachengetedzwa yeMarine (MPA) muGungwa reWeddell. Chikumbiro ichi, icho chiri kufungwa nezvacho pari zvino neCommission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources, chinangwa ndechekuganhurira mamwe mabasa evanhu kuitira kuchengetedza nzvimbo idzi dzisina kusimba.
Kuvapo kwa a nzvimbo huru yekuberekera yechisikigo de peces pasi pechando Izvi zvinoreva kuti nzvimbo iyi inogona kuita basa guru mukuchengetedza huwandu hwemarudzi eAntarctic, mazhinji acho anotsigira cheni dzezvekudya dzakaomarara dzinosanganisirawo shiri dzemugungwa nemhuka dzinoyamwisa dzakadai semaseal nehove.
Kubva kuEurope, masangano akasiyana-siyana esainzi nemasangano anotarisira hove anoona izvi sehwaro hwakasimba hwekukurudzira matanho akaomarara ekuchengetedza. Kuchengetedza nzvimbo dzekuberekesa nedzekuchengetera mhuka kunogona kuva chimwe chezvinhu zvinoshanda zvakanyanya pakuita izvi. kuve nechokwadi chekuti nharaunda dzemunzvimbo dzine polar dzinogara kwenguva refu mukutarisana nekudziya kwepasi rose uye kuwedzera kwemabasa evanhu munzvimbo dzakakwirira.
Chokwadi chekuti rwendo urwu rwakatadza kuzadzisa chinangwa charwo chikuru—kuwana nzvimbo KutsungiriraKuwanikwa uku—kwakazoitwa muna 2022—kunoratidza kuti, mune zvesainzi, zvinangwa zvechipiri zvinogona sei kuguma zvaburitsa mhedzisiro yakakosha. Muchiitiko ichi, kutsvaga ngarava yekare yakakoromoka kwakaita kuti magwaro akadzama enzvimbo yekubereka isina kumboitika.
Mumamiriro ezvinhu apo nharaunda yepasi rose iri kukurukura nezvenzira yakanakisisa yekugadzirisa makungwa, matendere de peces pasi pechando cheAntarctica zvava nharo dzinomanikidza dzekutaura kuti kudzivirira kwakasimbiswa yeGungwa reWeddell nedzimwe nzvimbo dzinonzwa zvisikwa zveSouthern Ocean.
Humbowo hwese uhwu hwesainzi, kubva pakuona zviuru zvemakomba akatenderera akachengetedzwa nehove kusvika pakuziva nzira dzekudzivirira pamwe chete kubva kuzvikara, hunoratidza mufananidzo we nharaunda yeAntarctic yakapfuma zvikuru, yakarongeka, uye iri munjodzi kupfuura zvaifungidzirwa kare. Kunzwisisa nekuchengetedza matendere aya akavanzwa pasi pechando ikozvino kwave chinhu chakakosha pakutsvagisa kwenzvimbo dzegungwa uye mitemo yekuchengetedza gungwa pasi rose.
