Kunge dzimwe hove dzakachena dzakadzika senge catfish kana the otocinclus hove rinova rinogeza girazi, nhasi tauya kuzotaura nezveimwe hove inonatsa matangi ehove. Zvayo ndezve dhimoni hove. Zita rayo resainzi ndi Hypostomus plecostomus uye ndezvekurongeka kweSiluriformes. Iyo inozivikanwa zvakare nezita rehove inoyamwa algae, girazi rekuchenesa, matombo anoyamwa, girazi rinoyamwa kana girazi rinoyamwa
Muchinyorwa chino, tichatarisa pakunyatsotsanangura hove iyi uye nekutsanangura maitirwo ese ainoda mukutapwa. Imhando inoshingirira, asi haisi "magic bullet" yekuchenesa aquarium yako uye inoda nzvimbo, kudya kwakakodzera, uye kusefa kune simba. Unoda kudzidza zvakawanda nezvedhiabhori? Ramba uchiverenga.
Mhando huru
Paunenge uri mune zvakasikwa, unogona kuyera kusvika pamasendimita makumi mana pakureba, asi mukutapwa hakuwanzopfuura masendimita makumi matatu. Muviri waro wakatsetseka pane dorso-ventral chikamu, nepo kumashure kwakavharwa uye kuvharwa mapfupa emapfupa (dermal shields). Iyo dorsal uye caudal fin nzvimbo hadzina kufukidzwa nemahwendefa aya.
Chikamu chepamberi chemuviri chine katatu, chinopera muovha apo caudal peduncle iripo. Musoro, senge dorsal-ventral axis, wakatsetseka. Maziso anowanikwa nechemberi uye kazhinji vane irises ine membrane inopengeka inovabatsira kudzora chiedza.
Nekuremekedza muromo wayo, iri mune yepazasi chikamu uye ine mabarbels madiki izvo zvinovabvumira kunamatira kune girazi rehove matangi kutora chikafu. Vanogonawo kunamatira kumatombo uye matanda kuti vasveve zvokudya. kuyamwa muromo Inokubatsirawo kuti uzvisimbise pachako uye kuti usakukurwe kana ikozvino yakasimba.
Chekutanga chemushure chakakura seseiri rechikepe; yechipiri idiki. Iyo ine yakafara caudal fin ine concave mupendero, iyo inoibatsira kuti ifambe nekukasira pamusoro pemadaro mapfupi kuti itize zvingangoita zvikara. Iyo anal fin idiki, ukuwo iyo yakanyatsogadzirwa pectoral uye ventral fins Vanoshanda se "foshoro" kuzembera pasi.
Ruvara, muviri uye hunhu
Muviri wayo wakatsvukira nezvimwe makwapa akatenderera akasvibaMusoro unewo mavara matema. Zvichienderana nemhando kana dzakasiyana-siyana, mimwe mienzaniso ine mamwe mayunifomu, yakasviba ruvara. Muvaduku, imwe nzira yakasiyana-siyana inowanzoitika, iyo inopera nezera.
Hove iyi, iyo inochenesa matangi, haina zvikero, asi inodzivirira muviri wayo nemaplateti e cartilage uye spines (odontodes). Inoshandisa mizongoza iyi kuzvidzivirira kubva kuzvikara kana kurwisa nemarudzi ayo. Iyo ine hupenyu hurefu kupfuura mamwe marudzi. de peces, kukwanisa kurarama kusvika kumakore gumi nemashanu nokungwarira.
Kana ari maitiro ayo, ihove tsika dzeusiku. Inoramba yakavanzwa masikati, kunyanya muchiedza chakajeka. Inowanzo dzikama nehove dzinobva kune dzimwe nzvimbo dzekutuhwina, asi inogona kuva territorial nedzimwe hove dzinogara pazasi uye dzine conspecific, kunyanya mumakungwa madiki kana nepekugara.
Zvakakosha kuziva kuti vamwe vanhu vanokudziridza hunhu hwe “kuyamwa” huronyo de peces Hove huru, inononoka, kana yakareba-yakareba (somuenzaniso, hove yemvura inotonhora seGoldfish, iyo isingakurudzirwi kuti igare nayo nekuda kwemiganhu uye njodzi yekushungurudzwa). Maitiro aya anoonekwa zvakanyanya mu aquariums ne kudya kwakashata kana nzvimbo shoma.
Dhiabhorosi hove inokwanisa kugara kunze kwemvura kwenguva yakareba uye kunyange "kufamba" panzvimbo yakanyorova, nekuda kwekusimba kwayo sezvo ichikwanisa. fema mweya kushandisa dumbu rakachinjwa. Mamiriro ezvinhu akashumwa de peces dhiyabhorosi akapona kusvika maawa gumi nemana kunze kwemvura, kunyangwe zvisingafanirwe kuyedzwa mukutapwa.
Range uye pekugara
Ihove iyi inowanikwa kuCentral neSouth America. Inogona kuwanikwa munyika senge Costa Rica, Uruguay, Panama, Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador neGuyana. Vanogonawo kuwanikwa muAmazon Basin, kunyanya muOrinoco River. Munharaunda yavo, vanotora nzizi nehova dzine a pakati kusvika kutsanya, kuwedzera kumadziva emvura nemabhangi ane materu ane ivhu painochera maberere.
Kana iri yekugara kwayo kwechisikigo, inofarira mvura ine okisijeni yakanaka ine ma substrates akasiyana-siyana (jecha, matombo, matombo), matanda akanyura, uye pekugara. Haityi mafungu ane simba, sezvo inogona kunamatira pamatombo nemuromo wayo unosveta. Mienzaniso yakanyorwa zvakare mumvura yakadzikama, ine mhepo. kushivirira mwero weokisijeni wakaderera nekuda kwekuita kwayo kufema kwemhepo.
Munzvimbo dzakawanda dziri kunze kwenzvimbo yayo yekuzvarwa yave a Mhando dzinopenga nekuda kwekuburitsa zvisina basa. Izvi zvinokonzeresa kukuvadzwa kwezvakatipoteredza: kukukurwa kwebhangi nemagarari avo, kudyiwa kwemazai de peces vemunyika uye kukwikwidzana kwezviwanikwa. Devilfish haifanire kuburitswa munzizi dzeko, madziva, kana madziva.
Dhiyabhorosi hove kubereka
Inosvika pakukura kwepabonde kana inosvika 30-40 masentimita pakureba. Zvinovatora rinenge gore kuti vasvike saizi iyi, zvichienderana nekuwanikwa kwechikafu uye tembiricha. Kuti vabereke, hove idzi dzinochera horizontal gallery pamadziro ane ivhu rakapfava, rine ivhu. Apa ndipo panokandira hadzi yacho mazai ayo, kazhinji ari muhombe huru.
Nekuda kwehunhu hwekubereka uhu hunoita hazvibviri kuaberekazve mudzimba dzemu aquariumsKana hadzi ikakandira mazai ayo, hono inoibudisa mugomba uye inotora basa rekupinza mhepo nekudzivirira dendere. Pano neapo, mukono une hasha. Uku kutarisira kwevabereki kunosiyana nedzimwe hove, dzakadai se hove yechiremba, asiri iye anotarisira kuchengetedza vana vavo.
Kune marekodhi ekuberekesa mumadziva makuru kana zvivakwa zvine matope evhu, asi hapana reproducible protocol yeyakajairwa aquariums. Kana iwe uchida kubereka loricariids, mhando dzakadai ancistrus Ivo vakanyanya kufanirwa nekureruka kwavo mumapako echubhu.
Zvokudya
Kudya kwako Iyo omnivorous ine mutsara wakajeka wezvinomeraInoonekwa nekudya algae iyo inokwenya kubva pamusoro pematombo, matanda, kana girazi, kunyangwe izvi zvisina kukwana kuti uzvifudze. Inogonawo kudya zvokudya zvakasara kubva kune dzimwe hove, kunyange kana ichitanga kuora, iyo isingafaniri kuva nzvimbo yayo huru yezvokudya nekuda kwengozi yemvura isina kunaka.
Husiku ndipo pavanobva mudzimba dzavo vachienda kunotsvaka zvokudya. Vanowanzo kunamatira matanda pazasi kuti scrape huni fibers: Cellulose uye lignin inobatsira nekufamba kwekugaya. Nokudaro, zvinokurudzirwa zvikuru kuisa matanda echisikigo (mopani, moor tsvuku kana zvakafanana) zvakapora mu aquarium.
Chirongwa chekudya chinokurudzirwa:
- Mazuva ese: : mahwendefa ezasi ane miriwo (spirulina, algae uye fiber), mashizha epinashi akacheneswa uye mashizha e lettuce, zvimedu zve zucchini kana cucumber (yaimbova blanched uye yakabatwa nemuriwo clip).
- 2-3 kanomwe pasvondo: pizi dzisina ganda, manhanga akabikwa, nori seaweed.
- Nguva nenguva (1 nguva / vhiki): mapuroteni ane mwero senge mosquito larvae, yakapwanyika shrimp kana mapuroteni pellets, kudzivirira kuperevedza, pasina kuwandisa.
Mazano akakosha ekudyisa:
- Haadye "poop" kana algae chete: inoda chikafu chakasiyana uye chemhando yepamusoro.
- Bvisa zvimedu zvemuriwo mukati memaawa 12-24 kuti usasvibisa mvura.
- Ipa chikafu chine marambi akadzimwa kana kudzimwa kuti agone kuita basa rehusiku.
- Nguva dzose chengeta trunks pabasa rako.
Kuchengetedzwa kwakakodzera mukutapwa
Kune avo vanoda kuchengeta dhiabhori mu aquarium yavo, runyoro rwekutarisira runofanira kuteverwa. Inonyatsoenderana nemamwe marudzi. de peces aquarium Haanyanyi kukoshesa dzimwe hove. vanoshambira pakati kana kumusoro nzvimbo, sezvo vanogara pasi. Kana iwe ukawana mufananidzo wemhando imwe chete, anogona kuva nehasha. Unoda nzvimbo yekushambira uye kufamba zvakanaka.
Aquarium Zvinodiwa:
- Vhoriyamu: unoda tangi rinogona kubata pakati 200 uye 300 litres zvishomaKune vakuru vakuru, zvakanyanya, zviri nani. Mumvura madiki, hutsinye uye matambudziko emvura anowedzera.
- Kuchenesa: ine simba kwazvo uye nekutenderera kwakanaka. Vari hove dzinobudisa tsvina yakawandaShandisa akawandisa ekunze mafirita uye tsigiro ine pre-mafirita kana siponji. Vavarira 7-10 nguva iyo aquarium vhoriyamu paawa.
- Oxygenation uye ikozvino: Wedzera diffuser kana pamusoro skimmer kana zvichidikanwa. Kuyerera kuri pakati nepakati kunodiwa.
- Substratum: matombo akakomberedzwa kana jecha kudzivirira kukwesha; dzivisa micheto inopinza.
- Decoration: matanda echisikigo, matombo akasimba uye matumba akawanda (mapako, pombi dzeceramic). Siya nzvimbo dzakasununguka kufamba-famba.
- Iluminación: Moderate; vanokoshesa nzvimbo dzine mimvuri dzakagadzirwa nematanda kana zvirimwa zvinoyangarara.
Mvura parameters:
- Temperatura: inofanira kuva pakati 22 uye 30 ºCRudzi rwakagadzikana uye rwakadzikama kune mazhinji emuenzaniso i24-28 ºC.
- pH: acidic zvishoma kune zvinyoro alkaline, kumativi 6,8-7,8Yekutanga inoti alkaline yakaoma zvishoma; inoshanda zvakanaka pakuomarara kwepakati.
- Kuoma: pakati; dzivisa kunyanyisa. Kugadzikana kunokosha kupfuura nhamba chaiyo.
- Kugadziriswa: kuchinja kwevhiki kwevhiki kwe 30-50%, pasi siphoning uye nguva dzose kuchenesa kwepre-filters.
Kubatana:
- Zvirinani ndega kana nemunhu mumwechete ari pakati nepakati aquariums. Kugarisana nemamwe mahombe oricarids kunogona kunetsa kana pasina nzvimbo yakakwana kana pekugara.
- Shamwari dzakanaka: dzepakati-saizi, agile characins, pakati nepakati-saizi rugare cichlids, kudzivisa hove dzenguva refu kana kuti inononoka.
- Dzivisa Goldfish uye mhando dzemvura inotonhora nekuda kwekusawirirana kwemafuta uye njodzi yekushungurudzwa.
- Iine invertebrates: inogona kubata hozhwa nepwere; ne shrimp duku hazvikurudzirwi.
Chiyeuchidzo Chakakosha: Haisi hove yevanotanga kana vhoriyamu yakakwana uye kusefa zvisipo. Kunyangwe ichibatsira nealgae nemarara, haitsivi kugadzirisa aquarium nguva dzose.
Kukanganisa kwakajairika uye dzimwe nzira dzediki aquariums
Kakawanda kukanganisa izvozvo zvinofanira kudziviswa:
- Kufunga kuti"Inodya chete algae nemarara” Anoda kudya kwakakwana.
- Chengetedza mukati madiki emvura kana kuwandisa.
- Kushaikwa kwe trunks uye matumba.
- Kugara nehove dzinononoka kufamba kana kuti refu-refu dzinovandira usiku.
- regeredza kusefera uye kuchinja kwemvura pasinei nekugadzirwa kwayo kwemarara.
Kana iwe uchitsvaga "mubatsiri" mhando dzediki kana nharaunda aquariums, funga izvi dzimwe nzira dzinogoneka: ancistrus (chiduku pleco), Otocinclus, Corydoras, hozhwa dzeapuro uye Planorbis. Imwe neimwe inopa mabhenefiti akasiyana uye havakure zvakanyanya Chemhondoro Hypostomus.
Utano, zviratidzo zvekutambudzika uye maitiro akanaka
Kuti uchengetedze dhiyabhorosi yako iri muchimiro chakanyanya, tevera mirairo iyi:
- Zviratidzo zvekutambudzika: kukurumidza kufema, kurasikirwa kwemavara, kunyanya kuhwanda, kurega kudya, kushambira zvisinganzwisisiki.
- Prevención: kugadzikana mumiganhu, kudya kwakapfuma mufiber yemiriwo, nzvimbo dzekugara dzakakwana uye kuderera kwehasha pasi.
- Kuchengeta muviri: Tarisa kukweshera kweplate uye kupera kwefin; dzivisa kushongedzwa kwakapinza.
- Quarantine: yehove itsva uye yepleco pachayo kana ichibva kune masisitimu ane zvirwere.
Mutoro wezvakatipoteredza
Dhiabhorosi hove akaunzwa munyika dzinoverengeka uko anoonekwa seanoparadza. Usambozviregedzera musangoKana iwe usingachakwanisi kuzvichengeta, tsvaga kugamuchirwa kubva kune imwe aquarist kana chitoro chine mutoro. Rangarira: kuburitsa mhuka dzakapfuyiwa mumagariro eko kunokonzera Kukuvadza kwakanyanya kumhuka dzeko.
Sezvakaita clownfish, inodya algae uye zvimedu zvekudya zvakavigwa mu substrate. Inoda chikafu. de peces kumashure uye mimwe miriwo kuti ikure zvakanaka. Chengetedza chirongwa chekudya kwehusiku uye a nguva dzose yekuchenesa muitiro kuitira kuti aquarium irambe yakagadzikana.
Neruzivo urwu, iwe unozogona kutarisira zvakanaka dhiyabhorosi mutangi rako rehove. Mukudzoka, iwe unokwanisa kuchengetedza pasi petangi yakachena. Kunyange zvakadaro, yeuka kuti kubudirira nemhando iyi kunoenderana nzvimbo yakakwana, kusefa kune simba, kudya kwakasiyana-siyana kwezvirimwa, kuwanda kwe matumba nematanda, uye kugarisana kwakarongwa. Kana iwe ukatevera matanho aya, iwe unonakidzwa nekugara kwenguva refu, yakasimba, uye inonakidza hove yekuona kwemakore anotevera.