Vakuru vemudunhu redziva vakatanga chirongwa che chirongwa chekutarisa chisingaperi nokuti kuona algae uye chepfu MuLake Villarrica, nzvimbo inokosha yekushanyira nyika uye yehupenyu hwezuva nezuva hwezviuru zvevanhu, chirongwa ichi chinotarisa pakutarisa kuvapo kwe microcystin, chepfu inobatanidzwa nemaruva e algal anogona kukanganisa hutano hwevanhu nemhuka kana huwandu hwemvura hwakapfuura mwero unokurudzirwa.
Nekukwira kwemwaka wezhizha, hunhu hwemvura hunova nyaya inonetsa kune vanoshambira, vanofarira mitambo yemumvura, nevanoita zvekushanyira nzvimbo. Nokudaro, sangano remasangano ehurumende rakabvumirana pane nzira yekutarisa zvakanyanyaYambiro dzekudzivirira uye kubatanidza mashandiro, nechinangwa chekuona chero zviitiko zvemaruva ari kutumbuka munguva uye kupa ruzivo rwakajeka kune veruzhinji nezvemamiriro edziva.
Chirongwa chaicho chekuona microcystin mudziva
Chikamu chepakati chemudziyo uyu ndicho kuongororwa kwe microcystin yese Mumvura yeLake Villarrica, chiratidzo chakakosha chekuongorora njodzi inokonzerwa nemaruva e cyanobacterial chinotariswa. Mapoka ehunyanzvi kubva kuhurumende yehutano, pamwe chete nemayunivhesiti emurabhoritari ne epidemiology, vanounganidza sampuro panzvimbo dzakatarwa kuti vawane ruzivo rwakagadziridzwa kakawanda pasvondo.
Hurongwa uhwu hunotanga pakati paZvita kusvika Kurume 15, zvichifambirana nenguva yekuwanda kwevashanyi vakawanda uye tembiricha dzinopisa zvikuru, inova ndiyo mamiriro ezvinhu apo zvipembenene zvinowanzoonekwa kakawanda. algae inotumbuka zvinogona kuva nechepfu. Munguva iyi, ongororo dzinoitwa pamazuva akasiyana (katatu pasvondo) kuti vaongorore kushanduka kwehunhu hwemvura uye kuti vagadzirise nekukurumidza chero shanduko dzinokosha.
Kugadzirwa kwechirongwa kwaisangotarisa kuwanda kwekutora sampling chete asiwo kugoverwa kwenzvimbo dzekudzora. Zvinotevera zvakasarudzwa: mahombekombe mashanu akashandiswa zvakanyanyaVaviri muPucón uye vatatu muVillarrica, uko kunonyanya kuzara nezviitiko zvekuzvivaraidza munharaunda iyi. Saka, ruzivo rwunowanikwa rwakakosha zvikuru kune avo vanouya kuzoshambira, kudzidzira mitambo yemumvura, kana kupedza zuva vari pamhenderekedzo yegungwa.
Dare reHutano rakasimbisa kuti kuongororwa kwacho kwakavakirwa pamatanho anogona kuverengwa, akadai sehuwandu hwe microcystin pa litre yemvura, izvo zvinoita kuti munhu akwanise kuita sarudzo neruzivo. zvinodiwa nesainzi uye zvirambidzo zvekuchengetedza nzira iyi yehunyanzvi inobatsira kuderedza kusava nechokwadi uye kutsanangura mashoko ekudzivirira zvakajeka pakutaura mamiriro edziva kune veruzhinji.
Uyezve, kana maruva emugungwa akaonekwa kana njodzi yakawedzerwa inotarisirwa nekuda kwemamiriro ekunze kana kushandiswa kwemvura, chirongwa ichi chinotarisa mukana wekuti kusimbisa ongororo uye chinja kuita zvekutora sampuli dzezuva nezuva. Kusimbiswa uku kunoshandiswawo panguva dzezviitiko zvevazhinji, zvakaita semakwikwi emitambo mikuru, uko kusangana nemvura zvakananga kunowanzova kukuru uye kwakawanda mumazuva mashoma.
Mahombekombe ari kudzorwa uye purogiramu yekutorwa kwesampuli
Chirongwa chekutarisa chinotarisa pazvinhu zvishanu zvinoonekwa sezvine musoro nekuda kwehuwandu hwevashanyi vanouya. Munharaunda yePucón, izvi zvinosanganisira Playa Grande uye Playa El PlataPanguva iyi, munharaunda yeVillarrica, mahombekombe eLos Chilcos, Playa Linda, nePucará ari kutariswa. Nzvimbo idzi dzinowanzoona nhamba yepamusoro yevashambiri, mhuri, uye vatambi munguva yezhizha.
Mienzaniso inotorwa katatu pasvondo, kazhinji Muvhuro, Chitatu neChishanuIzvi zvinobvumira kugadzirwa kwemhando ye "snapshot" yemhando yemvura mumwaka wese. Kugara uku kunoita kuti zvive nyore kuona mafambiro, akadai sekuwedzera zvishoma nezvishoma kwe microcystin kana shanduko dzinongoerekana dzaitika dzinogona kunge dzakabatana nemamiriro ekunze, zvinovaka muviri zvinobva mumvura, kana kuchinja kwehuwandu hwemvura mudziva.
Kunyangwe Lake Villarrica ichinzi ine mvura ine matambudziko ekusvibiswa kwemhepoVakuru vanosimbisa kuti kupatsanurwa uku hakungodzikisi kushambira. Chinoitwa nehurongwa hwekutarisa ndechekuti... zviito zvakarongwa pachine nguva mune ramangwana, chirongwa chekuchenesa nharaunda, chichitarisa panguva yakakosha yezhizha kuti chipe vimbiso yekuwedzera kune avo vanoshandisa dziva iri nekuda kwezvinangwa zvekuzvivaraidza.
Purogiramu yekubva muna Zvita kusvika muna Kurume inopindurawo kudiwa kwekuunganidza zviwanikwa munguva iyo njodzi yekutumbuka kwealgal iri pamusoro. Mumwedzi iyi, tembiricha yakakwira, mwaranzi yezuva yakawanda, uye kushandiswa kwakanyanya kwedziva kwakanyorwa—zvinhu zvinogona kubatsira kukura kwemarudzi e cyanobacteria anokwanisa kugadzira [algal bloom/migumisiro inokonzera zvirwere]. chepfu zvakaita se microcystin.
Chimiro ichi chekushanda—nemazuva ekutora sampuli akatarwa, nzvimbo dzekudzora dzakatsanangurwa, uye kugona kuwedzera kuwanda kwezviitiko kana zvichidikanwa—chinangwa chekugadzira hurongwa hwakagadzikana uye hunofungidzirwa yekutarisira njodzi, kudzivirira kushandisa zvinhu zvisiri pamutemo uye kubvumira masangano kuti aite chimwe chinhu mukati memutemo watobvumiranwa.
Sisitimu yemureza yekuzivisa vanhu
Imwe yemibato inooneka yechirongwa ichi kushandiswa kwe mwenje wemureza wemotokari Pamahombekombe, sisitimu iyi yakagadzirwa kuitira kuti chero munhu anzwisise nekukurumidza kana mvura yakachengeteka pakushambira kana kuti inoda kungwarira. Inoshandura mhedzisiro yehunyanzvi murabhoritari kuita kodhi yemavara iri nyore inotungamira sarudzo dzevanoshambira nemhuri.
La mureza wakasvibira Izvi zvinoratidza kuti mvura iyi inoonekwa seyakakodzera kushandiswa pakuzvivaraidza uye kuti huwandu hwe microcystin hunoramba huri mukati mehuwandu hwakatarwa nevakuru vezvehutano sehwakachengeteka. Saka, kushambira kunobvumidzwa sezvakajairika, ukuwo uchichengetedza matanho ekuchengetedza enguva dzose kune chero nzvimbo yemumvura.
Kana ichinge yafamba-famba yellow flagZvinonzi mvura ichiri kuonekwa seyakachengeteka, asi ine zvichemo zvakachengetwa. Panyaya iyi, kungwarira kwakakosha kunokurudzirwa kuvana vari pasi pemakore gumi, vanhu vane matambudziko ehutano, uye mhuka dzinovaraidza, dzinogona kunge dzichinyanya kukanganiswa nehupfu hwepakati. Pfungwa yacho ndeyekuti veruzhinji vagone kugadzirisa maitiro avo uye kuderedza nguva yavanosangana nayo kana kusangana nemvura zvakananga kana vari vemapoka aya ari panjodzi.
Pakupedzisira, the mureza mutsvuku Izvi zvinoshanda seyambiro yakajeka: mvura haikurudzirwi kuita zvekuzvivaraidza, kungave kugeza, kushambira, kana kutamba pamhenderekedzo. Yambiro iyi inotangwa kana bvunzo dzikaona huwandu hunopfuura miganhu yakachengeteka kana kana maruva anooneka emugungwa achiratidza njodzi yakakura. Kunyange zvazvo chiyero ichi chingasafarirwa munguva yevashanyi vakawanda, chinoshandiswa senzira yekudzivirira hutano hweveruzhinji.
Kuwedzera kune mireza, ma totem eruzivo akaiswa pane dzimwe nguva ne QR nhamba Mapurogiramu aya anopa mukana wekuwana ruzivo rwechizvino-zvino pamusoro pemamiriro edziva iri, zvichibvisa kuvimba nemakuhwa kana ruzivo rusina kusimbiswa. Izvi zvinobvumira vagari nevashanyi kutarisa zvinyorwa zvepamutemo uye mazano aripo zvakananga kubva kumafoni avo.
Kurongeka kwemasangano akasiyana-siyana uye basa rezviremera
Hurongwa hwekuongorora hwekuona algae muLake Villarrica hwakavakirwa pa komiti yemasangano akasiyana Komiti iyi yakagadzirirwa zviitiko zvemaruva emugungwa. Vatori vechikamu vanosanganisira vamiriri veRegional Presidential Delegation, Regional Ministers Secretariat of Health, Environment and Government, Regional Government, riversides, uye Environmental Superintendency, pakati pemamwe masangano.
Muhurongwa uhu, hurumende yehutano inotora hutungamiriri hwehunyanzvi mukuunganidza nekuongorora mienzaniso, pamwe nekududzira mhedzisiro uye kuburitswa kwezvinokurudzirwa pakushandiswa kwemvura nenzira yekuvaraidza. Mapoka anobva kuWater Unit, Public Health Laboratory, neEpidemiology sub-department anoshanda pamwe chete kuti kushandura ruzivo rwesainzi kuita sarudzo dzakajeka dzekushanda.
Kubva pamaonero ezvakatipoteredza, zvinosimbiswa kuti kutarisa hakungobatsiri chete padambudziko remwaka, asiwo kunoumba danho rakakosha mukati mehurongwa hwakakura hwekugadzirisa mamiriro edziva munguva yepakati nerefu. Kutarisa huwandu hwe microcystin uye kunyora maruva e algal nenzira yakarongeka kunobvumira... unganidza ruzivo rwakakosha yechirongwa chekuchengetedza zvakatipoteredza mune ramangwana, ukuwo vachidzivirira avo vanoshandisa dziva nhasi.
Chikepe cheNavy, kuburikidza nePort Captaincy yeLake Villarrica, chinowedzera mabasa aya ne mapurisa ekudzivirira uye rutsigiro rwezvinhu zvekutora mienzaniso, pamwe nekuparadzira matanho ekuchengetedza pakati pevashandisi vezvikepe nevatori vechikamu mumabasa egungwa. Kuvapo uku mumvura kunobatsira kusimbisa kutevedzera mazano uye kuona njodzi munguva chaiyo.
Kune rumwe rutivi rwavo, madhorobha ePucón neVillarrica anobata zvinhu zvakakosha zvakaita se Kuiswa nekugadzirisa zviratidzo Pamahombekombe, vanotarisira ruzivo rwakakwana uye vanotaurirana zvakananga neveruzhinji. Basa ravo rinokosha pakuona kuti sarudzo dzinoitwa mumisangano yehunyanzvi dzinoshanduka kuita zviito zvinoonekwa uye zvinonzwisisika pasi.
Mhedzisiro pahutano hwevanhu nehupfumi hwenzvimbo
Chikonzero chikuru chekuiswa kwese uku kwehunyanzvi uye kwesangano ndicho kuchengetedzwa kwehutano hwevanhu Microcystin, kana iri yakawanda, inogona kukonzera matambudziko emudumbu, echiropa, uye eganda, kunyanya kuvanhu vane dambudziko guru rehutachiona kana kuti vasina simba, nekuda kwechepfu ine chekuita nemamwe maruva emugungwa. Saka, kushambira nemitambo yekuzvivaraidza zvinodzorwa zvichienderana nehuwandu hunowanikwa mumvura.
Panguva imwe chete, Lake Villarrica chikamu chikuru chegungwa. hupfumi hwemunharaundaYakabatana zvakanyanya nekushanya kwechirimo, mitambo yemumvura, uye mamwe mabasa akafanana. Kuva nehurongwa hwakasimba hwekutarisa uye sisitimu yeruzivo yakajeka kunoderedza kusava nechokwadi uye kunoita kuti avo vanoronga mazororo avo kana kushanda pedyo nedziva vavimbe.
Ruzivo rwemwaka wapfuura, umo pasina maruva akaonekwa, rwaratidza kuti nzira dzakanaka dzekudzivirira dzinogona kubatsira dzivisa kuvharwa kwemahombekombe kwenguva refu uye zvirambidzo zvakakomba, ukuwo zvichichengetedza mabasa ehupfumi pasi pemitemo yekuchengetedzeka ine musoro. Mupfungwa iyi, chirongwa chitsva chinoonekwa sechishandiso chekuchengetedza kuenzana pakati pekuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza nekuvandudzwa kwekushanya.
Rudzi urwu rwechirongwa runoenderana nemazano ari kukurukurwa muEurope ekutarisira nzvimbo dzemvura dzekuzorora, uko kuri kutariswa zvakanyanya kutarisa mabhakitiriya e cyanobacteria uye chepfu dzayo, kutaurirana nezvenjodzi, uye kubatanidzwa kwevakuru vemunharaunda nevematunhu. Kunyangwe mamiriro ekutonga achigona kusiyana, pfungwa yakajairika ndeyekukurudzira kutarisa nguva dzose uye nzira dzekuyambira pakutanga dzinobvumira chiito zvisati zvaitika migumisiro mikuru.
Muchokwadi, kuedza kwese uku kunoreva kuti avo vanoshanyira Lake Villarrica munguva yezhizha vane kuongororwa nguva nenguva uye matanho ekuchengetedza anoonekwaZvinhu izvi, kunyange zvazvo zvisingabvisi njodzi zvachose, zvinobatsira pakugadzirisa njodzi nenzira ine musoro uye yakavakirwa pauchapupu.
Sisitimu yese yakakomberedza hurongwa hwekutarisa hwekuona algae muLake Villarrica inoumba hurongwa umo kuongorora kwesainzi, kubatana pakati pemasangano, uye kutaurirana neveruzhinji zvakabatana kuti chengetedza hunhu hwemvura uchigara uchiongororwakuderedza njodzi dzehutano uye kuchengetedza kushanya nemabasa ekuzorora mune rimwe remadziva anozivikanwa zvikuru munharaunda iyi.