Yakanakisa substrate ye aquariums: mhando, mashandisiro, huwandu uye yakakwana kugadzirisa

Pakutanga kushandisa aquarium yedu tinofanirwa kuziva kuti kune zvimwe zvinhu zvakakosha. Imwe yacho ndeye aquarium substrateKusarudza iyo substrate yakakodzera inogona kuve imwe yemamiriro akakosha ekutanga aquarium yako. Kana iwe uri mutsva kune iyi hobby, ungangove uine yakawanda mibvunzo. Kune akawanda marudzi eiyo aquarium substrates, uye imwe neimwe ine yayo hunhu. zvakasiyana-siyana uye mabasa izvo zvinopesvedzera zvakananga utano hwehove, zvirimwa, uye mabhakitiriya.

Kunze kwekuve iri nyore "kushongedza pasi", iyo substrate ndeye chinhu chakakosha che biotopeInochengeta makoroni ebhakitiriya anobatsira, inotora chikamu mune zvakakosha biochemical process (senge nitrogen kutenderera), anchors midzi yekudyara, uye inogona kubatsira kudzikamisa ma paramita emvura. Naizvozvo, kusarudza yakanakisa substrate kana matombo emu aquarium yako Izvo zvakakosha kuve nechokwadi chehutano uye hwakagadzikana nharaunda.

Muchinyorwa chino unowana, nenzira yakarongeka uye yakadzama, Chii chinonzi aquarium substrate, chinoshandiswa chii, ndedzipi mhando dziripo, uye nzira yekuisarudza zvinoenderana nerudzi rwako rwe aquarium?, yakawanda sei yaunoda, kuti ungashandura sei uye kuti ungaichengetedza sei kuitira kuti igare kwenguva yakareba sezvinobvira mumamiriro akanaka.

Substrate yemvura yakadzika

Zvichienderana nerudzi rwe substrate yaunosarudza (inert, inovaka muviri kana clayey), iwe uchakwanisa:

• Kusimudzira kukura kwebhakitiriya inobatsira izvo zvinopedzisa kutenderera kwenitrogen.
• Gadzirisa uye simbisa iyo zvirimwa zvemumvura zvakasikwakubvumira kukura kwakanaka uye kwakadzikama.
• Batsira kune chiyero chemvura parameters (pH, KH, GH) maererano nezvinodiwa zvehove dzako nemiti.
• Kuvandudza iyo aesthetics uye dhizaini ye aquarium, kupa zvisikwa, kusiyana kwemavara uye pfungwa yekudzika.

Zvakakosha kusimbisa izvozvo, pakusarudza yako substratum, matombo emu aquarium, hurungudo kana jechaIzvi zvinofanira kuva yepamusoro uye yakananga kune aquariumsMajecha kana matombo anoshandiswa pakuvaka kana kurima anogona kuburitsa zvinhu zvine chepfu kana kushandura zvakanyanya maparamita emvura.

JBL 202120 100 Aquabasis Plus 200-XNUMX

Hapana zvigadzirwa zvakawanikwa.

Imhando ye aquarium substrate ine hutano uye inobatsira zvirimwa zvinokura zvine hutano munzvimbo yeseKukura kwezvinomera izvi kunotora makore akati wandei, zvichiita kuti ive hwaro hunogara kwenguva refu kune yakasimwa mvura yakachena aquariums.

Iyi substrate ine chikafu chakakosha pakukura kwechirimwa zvakaita sedare nevhu. Kutenda kune izvi zvikamu, zvinobudirira kukurudzira midzi uye mashizha kukura uye Inobatsira kudzivirira algae kukura.nokuti kudya kunonyanya kusvika kumidzi uye kwete mumvura.

Ingoisa iyo inovaka muviri pasi peiyo aquarium uye uifukidze neiyo inert substrate (yaimbogezwa matombo kana jecha). Iyi nhanho yepamusoro inobatsira kudzivirira kuburitswa kwakananga kweiyo organic matter mumvura uye inochengeta pasi ichitaridzika kuchena uye kugadzikana. Unogona kutenga chigadzirwa ichi nekudzvanya pano.

JBL Mando

Iyi imhando yemasikirwo epasi pasiti inoshandira bvisa tsvina yese mumvura akanyarara. Nekuda kwechimiro chayo chine porous, inokwanisa kupa yakakura pamusoro penzvimbo yebhakitiriya colonization, kuchenesa nzvimbo hombe ye aquarium uye kuvandudza mhando yemvura.

Chimiro chayo chinokurudzira kuumbwa kwekuchenesa mabhakitiriya iyo inogadzirisa kuti iite basa iri. Mukuwedzera, inobatsira nekukura kwakakodzera kwemidzi yemiti, sezvo midzi inogona kupinda nyore nyore pakati pegranules.

Imwe pfungwa yekufarira kwayo ndeyekuti Inodzivirira kukura kwealgae isingadiwi.Izvi zvinodaro nekuti inokwanisa kutora fetereza yakawandisa kubva mumvura uye kuisunungura zvishoma nezvishoma. Izvi zvinoita kuti ive inonakidza substrate ye aquariums ine zvirimwa zvepakati zvinodiwa.

Chimiro cheiyi substrate chakatenderedzwa kuchengetedza iyo mabarbel anonzwa ehove dzinogara pasi (zvakadai se corydoras kana loaches). Iyo yakaratidzwa fomati inowanzove neyakakwana kune aquarium ine vhoriyamu inosvika makumi mashanu malita. Kana iwe uchida kutenga iyi aquarium substrate, tinya apa.

Fluval 12694 Dyara & Shrimp Substrate

Iyo substrate inounganidzwa kubva makomo anoputika akapfuma kwazvo muzvicherwaAya makomo anoputika ari paMount Aso muJapan. Iyo substrate yakagadzirwa kuti ipe yakanakisa chikafu chigadziko, ine kutarisisa kwakakosha kune zvinodikanwa zvezvirimwa uye mvura yakachena shrimp.

Iyo yakanaka substrate yekukurudzira kukura kwezvirimwa zvemumvura. mumvura yakachena ye aquariums. Iyo granulometry uye porosity inobvumira midzi kupinda nyore uye kupararira munzvimbo yese ye aquarium kuti iwane huwandu hukuru hwekudya.

Uyezve, kuumbwa kwayo kunobatsira chengetedza yakagadzikana uye yakakwana yemvura parameters Kune akawanda shrimp mhando, inofambisa kuchinjana kwezvinhu zvinoteedzera uye inosimudzira yakapfuma uye yakasiyana bhakitiriya koloni. Dzvanya pano kuti utenge chigadzirwa ichi.

JBL Substrate yemvura yakadzika Sansibar

Kunze kwekushandira mabasa eiyo aquarium substrates, zvakare inoshongedza, sezvo inozviratidza seya jecha rakanaka kwazvo uye rakafanana iyo inopa kutarisa kwechisikigo kumusana. Inogonawo kushandiswa mu terrarium kune zvinokambaira kana amphibians zvinoda nyoro, inert substrate.

Rudzi urwu rwezvinhu haruburitse chero chepfu mumvura, saka yakachengeteka kuhove, invertebrates, uye zvirimwa chero bedzi kuchengetedza kwakakodzera kuchichengetwa. Kushandiswa kwayo kunofanira kudzivirirwa kana aquarium ine tambo yekudziisa mumatangi iwayo ehove de peces tropicalnekuti jecha rakanaka rakadaro rinogona kukanganisa kutenderera kwakakodzera kwekupisa kana kutogadzira nzvimbo dzekupisa.

Dzimwe hove dzemunzvimbo dzinopisa dzinoda tembiricha yepamusoro yemvura uye inoda tambo yekudziya kuti ikwidze tembiricha. Muzviitiko izvi, iyi substrate haina kukurudzirwa. Nekudaro, mumaseti asina tambo yekudziya, inoonekwa seimwe yeakanakisa jecha substrates. pasi pechisikigo uye zvinonyanya kuitika munharaunda yeguruva kuvapoDzvanya kuti utenge chigadzirwa ichi.

JBL ProScape 67080 Aquascaping Plant Soil Brown

Iyo ndeimwe yeakanyanya kuzara substrates padanho rekudya kweiyo aquarium zvinomera. Yakagadzirirwa kunyanya aquascaping aquariumsuko zvinomera zvinonyanya kudiwa zvinoda kuenderera mberi kwechikafu kubva pachigadziko.

Inokurudzirwa kune aquariums ane imwe saizi anenge 30-40 centimita kureba uye vhoriyamu 12-25 litresKunyange zvazvo hukuru hukuru huripo kune makuru emvura, ine chiyero chakanaka chekudya uye zvicherwa zvehove nezvirimwa, uye chimiro chayo chegranular chinosimudzira kutenderera kwemvura mu substrate.

Nekubatsira kugadzira zvidyarwa zve aquarium, unogona kupa iyo okisijeni inodiwa munzvimbo yemvura Izvi zvinogadzira yakanyanya kugadzikana uye inoyevedza ecosystem. Unogona kudzvanya pano kuti utenge iyi substrate.

Chii chinonzi substrate mu aquariums uye chii chinangwa chayo?

Aquarium substrate ijecha, matombo, kana organic zvinhu zvinoshandiswa kuisa pazasi pematangi ehove uye inoshandisa zvinangwa zvakasiyana. Imwe yacho ndeyekusimudzira kukura kwebhakitiriya izvo zvinobatsira kupedza nitrogen cycle.

Mumvura ine hutano, iyo substrate inoita senge hombe biological sefaNdiko uko mabhakitiriya e nitrifying anogara, achishandura ammonium uye nitrite (yakanyanya chepfu) kuita nitrate (zvishoma zvine ngozi uye zvinogona kushandiswa nezvirimwa). Pasina iyi tsigiro yemuviri, huwandu hwebhakitiriya hungadai husina kukwana, uye spikes muhupfu hunoitika zviri nyore.

Izvo zvinofanirwa kunzwisiswa kuti iyo aquarium ecosystem inofanirwawo kuzvidzora neimwe nziraVanhu vazhinji vanofunga kuti substrate ndiyo nzvimbo iyo tsvina ye aquarium inounganidza zvakanyanya. Ichi hachisi chokwadi zvachose. Chingaita sechitubu chetsvina kwatiri ndechekuti, chokwadi, a kudya kunovaka muviri yezvirimwa uye dura remabhakitiriya anobatsira.

Pamusoro pebasa rayo rehupenyu, iyo substrate inoshandawo zvimwe zvinangwa:

• Decorative function: Zvinokutendera kuti ugadzire nzvimbo dzemumvura, kutevedzera nzizi, mahombekombe kana nzira, uye kutamba nemavara uye saizi yezviyo kuti upe pfungwa yekudzika.
• Kutsigira kwemiti: Midzi inogadziriswa mu substrate, ichidzivirira zvirimwa kubva pakuyangarara uye kuvabvumira kuti vatore zvinovaka muviri zvakanaka.
• Parameter balance: Mamwe ma substrates anobatsira kudzikamisa kana kugadzirisa pH, KH uye GH, yakanakira mhando dzakapfava kana shrimp matangi.
• Hunhu hwehove: Mhuka zhinji dzinogara pasi dzinochera, kusefa jecha, kana kuvaka matendere; substrate yakakodzera inovabvumira kukudziridza aya maitiro.

Ndeipi aquarium substrate yekusarudza?

Kutanga, pamberi kusarudza aquarium substrateNdezvekuziva zvaunoda uye Ndeupi rudzi rwe aquarium yauchagadzira?Iwe hauzodi zvinhu zvakafanana munharaunda yakapusa yeaquarium sezvaungaite mune aquascaping aquarium ine zvinomera zvakanyanya kana mune yakasarudzika shrimp tank.

Substrates, jecha, uye matombo anogona kuva akasiyana mabasa chikuru:

• Decorative (chiono chinotaridzika, gadzirazve nzizi, mahombekombe, migwagwa, nezvimwewo).
• Biological ecosystem (rutsigiro rwebhakitiriya uye pasi fauna).
• Kudyara kwekudyara (ipa macro uye micronutrients kubva pachigadziko).
• Mvura parameter chiyero (pH, KH, GH, kuoma, nezvimwewo).

Usati wasarudza imwe mhando ye substrate kana imwe, iwe unofanirwa kuve wakajeka nezve mhando ye aquarium zvaunoda kugadzira, semuenzaniso:

• Tropical nharaunda aquarium ine hove dzakasimba uye zvidyarwa zviri nyore.
• Aquarium low-tech (zvishoma zvinodiwa, chiedza chakaderera, hapana CO2 yakamanikidzwa).
• Aquarium yepamusorosoro (yakawanda mwenje, CO2, inoda zvirimwa uye aquascaping).
• prawn nyanzvi yemvura yakachena shrimp.

Mumusika tinogona kuona mhando dzakasiyana dzema substrates, kunyangwe iwo akapatsanurwa mumapoka matatu: inert, inovaka muviri uye clayeyNgatitarise kwavari zvakadzama, tichibatanidza zvakakosha zvakakosha uye zvisingabatsiri.

• Inert substrates: Aya ndiwo aya anogadzirwa zvakanyanya nematombo nejecha uye anouya muhukuru hwakasiyana-siyana uye mavara. Zvakakosha kurasa jecha nematombo anenge aripo dzakagadzirwa nemavara nedhayi kwete dzakananga dzemumvura sezvo angave aine zvinhu zvine chepfu kuhove.
  • Kubatsira: Aya ma substrates ane simba shoma pamakemikari emvura uye anobvumira a kutonga kukuru pamusoro pema parameters kubva ku aquarium. Iwo ari nyore kuchenesa, haaparare, uye akanakira vanotanga uye aquariums nehove dzisingadi zvinodyarwa.
  • Kukanganisa: Ivo havapi zvinovaka muviri ivo pachavo, saka Izvo hazvina kukodzera sehwaro chete Kune yakasimwa zvakanyanya aquariums ine mhando dzinoda. Kunyangwe zvakadaro, anogona kusanganiswa neakapfuma-akapfuma substrates pazasi kana mvura fetireza inogona kushandiswa.
  • Gravel maringe nejecha: Girava repakati-grained rinobvumira kutenderera kwemvura kuri nani uye kudzivirira nzvimbo dzeanaerobic, nepo jecha rakatsetseka richiita compact. Kushandisa jecha rakanaka chete mukati me aquarium yose hazvikurudzirwe kunze kwekunge uine ruzivo mukugadzirisa kwayo.
• Clay substrates: Aya ma substrates ane huwandu hukuru hwezvikafu zvakaita sesimbi, aluminium oxides, uye magnesium, izvo zvavanoburitsa mu aquarium nekufamba kwenguva. Kazhinji ivo vanogadzirwa yakabikwa ivhu granules akatakura zvinovaka muviri, ine high cation exchange capacity.
  • Kubatsira: batsira ku zvishoma acidify mvura (kudzikisa pH), kunatsiridza kutenderera uye mukati oxygenation ye substrate, kubatsira kubata chirimwa midzi munzvimbo uye fambisa kutaridzika kwebhakitiriya inobatsiraIwo akanakira akadyarwa aquariums ane zviri pakati nepamusoro zvinodiwa uye kune shrimp matangi anoda mvura yakapfava uye yakawanda ine acid.
  • Kukanganisa: Vanogona kuvhara mvura kana vakabatwa zvine simba, uye kuvapo kwavo kunogona kukanganisa zvakanyanya aquarium paramita, saka chimwe chiitiko chinodiwa. Kana iyo substrate yevhu ikatsiviwa, Zvinogadzira nyonganyonga yakati wandei. uye mvura inogona kuva nemakore nyore nyore.
  • Kushandiswa kwakajairika: kazhinji vanoiswa se huru yevhu rekudya, kazhinji pane yakaonda porous base kana pasi pejecha rakaonda rekushongedza munzvimbo dzinoonekwa.
• Nutritive substrates: Aya ndiwo anokwanisa kushandura zvishoma aquarium parameters uye ine yakawanda yakawanda organic zvinhu uye zvicherwaVanoshumira kupa chikafu kune zvirimwa, uye kazhinji vanoiswa se pasi layer pamusoro payo pakaiswa runyoro rwevhu kana jecha rinert.
  • Kubatsira: kupa a nguva dzose kupa zvokudya zvinovaka muviri (simbi, potasium, trace elements, etc.) kumidzi, iyo inovandudza zvikuru kukura uye ruvara rwemiti, kuderedza kudiwa kwemvura yakadzika fetiraiza.
  • Kukanganisa: Kana dzikavhiringidzwa kana kuratidzwa zvakananga kumvura, dzinogona kuburitsa yakawandisa organic zvinhu uye kukonzera ammonia spikes kana algae blooms. Naizvozvo, zvakakosha kuti uvafukidze nehupamhi hweinert substrate uye kudzivirira yakadzika siphoning.
  • Yakakurudzirwa kushandiswa: kunyanya yakakodzera kune yakasimwa aquariums uko zvinomera stem, kapeti zvinomera uye rosettes zvinotora basa rinotungamira.

Kusarudza iyo yakanakisa substrate zvinoenderana nemhando yako ye aquarium

Kune vanotanga kuita zvekutamba, nharaunda inopisa nharaunda ye aquarium inokurudzirwa zvakanyanya. Hove dzakaoma uye zvinomera zviri nyore kuchengetedza. Mumhando iyi ye aquarium, iyo yakakodzera inowanzo:

• Isa hwaro hwe inert gravel nehukobvu hunosvika minwe miviri (inenge 4-5 cm kumashure uye zvishoma kumberi).
• Kana iwe uchida kuvandudza kukura kwechirimwa, wedzera 1-2 cm yezvinovaka muviri substrate pasi pevhu, pasina kusvika pamberi pegirazi kuti asaonekwe.

Ndiyo imwe yezvakanakisa sarudzo dzekukura zviri nyore kukura, zvinomera zvinokura zvishoma (anubias, Java ferns, vallisneria, cryptocorynes, nezvimwewo). Mune zvakanyanya kudiwa (yepamusoro-tech) aquariums, a ivhu rakakwana revhu rinovaka muviri sechinhu chikuru (aquasoil type), kazhinji inosanganiswa nejecha rekushongedza munzvimbo dzakananga.

Kune matangi e shrimp, vazhinji vepamusoro hobbyists vanosarudza chaiyo inovaka muviri kana ivhu substrates, se:

• Havadi kuenderera mberi siphoning., iyo inoderedza kushungurudzika mu shrimp.
• Kubatsira ku chengetedza yakaderera pH uye KHyakanaka kune akawanda marudzi e shrimp.
• Vanosimudzira ganda rakakora uye rakagadzikana rebhakitiriya rinoshanda sechikafu uye pekugara.

Mumadziva emvura umo zvakakosha hazvisi zvirimwa, asi hove kana invertebrates inochera (senge corydoras, axolotls, kana mamwe cichlids), sarudzo ye substrate inofanirwa kutarisa particle size uye tsanga yakatsetsekaJecha rakanaka kwazvo kana matombo akatenderedzwa anodzivirira kukuvara kweganda nezvirebvu.

Mavhu anoshongedza, hurungudo nejecha

Mukati meiyo inert substrates, iyo mavhu e aquariums Ndiyo imwe yemhando dzakakurumbira. Kune akasiyana siyana saizi uye mavara aripo, anokutendera iwe kunyatso kugadzirisa kutaridzika kweiyo aquarium yako.

Pakati pe chikuru zvakanakira Kubva pamatombo tinowana:

• Kusununguka kwekuchenesa: Gravel iri nyore kuchenesa nekuchengetedza pane mamwe marudzi emhando dzakanyanya kunaka sejecha.
• Kuyerera kwemvura kwakavandudzwa: Inobvumira mvura yakanaka kuyerera kuburikidza ne substrate, kunyanya kudzivirira kutaridzika kwenzvimbo dzakadzika anaerobic.
• Yakanaka mechanicha rutsigiro kune zvidyarwa: Ukuru hwayo huri pakati nepakati hunobvumira kuti midzi ibate yakachengeteka.

Nekudaro, zvakare ine Zvimwe zvinokanganisa:

• Kuunganidzwa kwemarara: Kana isina kucheneswa zvakanaka, zvimedu zvekudya, tsvina nemashizha zvinogona kuungana, zvichikanganisa kunaka kwemvura.
• Kushaikwa kwezvinovaka muviri: Kunze kwekunge matombo echisikigo uye akasarudzika akashandiswa, haapi zvinovaka muviri kuzvirimwa, saka zvichave zvakafanira kuwedzera nemafetireza kana huturu substrate pazasi.

Ukuwo, jecha rekushongedza Iwo anoshandiswa zvakanyanya mu aquascaping kugadzira mhenderekedzo dzegungwa dzakafananidzwa, nzizi uye nziraIwo haawanzo shandiswa seyo yega substrate mukuda kudyarwa setups, asi sechinhu chinooneka chinopindirana kune ivhu-rakapfuma ivhu.

Kana ukasarudza majecha ane mavara akareruka (akadai sejecha jena kana rakachenuruka kwazvo), unofanira kuyeuka kuti Vanosviba zviri nyore Vanoda kugadziriswa nguva dzose (kupfapfaidza kwepamusoro uye, dzimwe nguva, kutsiva chidimbu chakatetepa). Nokufamba kwenguva, vanowanzowana matani egirinhi kana brownish nekuda kwekuwanda kwealgae uye biofilm.

Yakawanda sei substrate inofanirwa kuiswa mu aquarium?

Aquarium substrates inotengeswa ne litre, kwete ne kilo, nokuti Chinotifadza ihururu yavanoita.kwete uremu hwayo. Kuti uone kuti ingani substrate yekuisa mu aquarium, isu tinofanirwa kuverenga marita ezvinyorwa zvatichada zvichienderana nehukuru hwetangi.

Basic Calculus zviri nyore:

1. calculator the base area ye aquarium yako (kureba x hupamhi) mumasendimita.
2. Wedzera kukosha ikoko ne substrate urefu iyo yaunoda mumasendimita (semuenzaniso, 4 cm paavhareji).
3. Kamura mhedzisiro ne1000 kuti uwane huwandu mumalita.

Semuenzaniso, mune 60 x 30 cm aquarium, kana iwe uchida 1 cm ye substrate urefu:

• 60 x 30 = 1800 cm³
• 1800 / 1000 = 1,8 malita e1 cm kureba

Kana uchida hukobvu huri pakati nepakati hunosvika 4 cm, unoda marita angangoita 7,2. Kana iwe uchida kugadzira a materu (yakawanda substrate kumashure kupfuura kumberi), zvichave zvine musoro kuwedzera 20-30% yakawanda kutsiva iyo mutsauko.

Uyewo yeuka kuti kana iwe uchizoshandisa musanganiswa we Nutrient substrate pachigadziko uye matombo pamusoroIwe unozofanirwa kuverenga vhoriyamu yega yega yega yega (semuenzaniso, 2 cm yezvinovaka muviri + 3 cm yeinert gravel).

Kangani iyo substrate inofanira kuchinjwa?

Iko hakuna nguva yakatarwa iyo iyo substrate inofanira kuchinjwa, sezvo nguva yayo inoenderana ne substrate type, aquarium biological load, uye kugadzirisa kuti zviitwe. Zvisinei, tinofanira kudzidza kuziva mamiriro ezvinhu angave madikanwa kuivandudza zvachose kana kuti zvishoma.

Zvimwe zviratidzo zvinoratidza kuchinja kunogona kuitika ndezvi:

• Kuwedzera kuunganidza kwe tsvina, nitrate uye phosphates pasinei nekuita shanduko yemvura uye kuputika kwepamusoro.
• Zviripachena kuderera kwembereko yezvinovaka muviri substrate, iyo inoonekwa mukusakura kwechirimwa, yero kana mashizha echlorotic uye midzi isina kusimba.
• Kuvapo kwe tupukanana kana zvipembenene zvikuru iyo inopotera mu substrate (mamwe makonye, ​​akawandisa planarians, nezvimwewo), apo dzimwe nzira dzekudzora dzakundikana.
• Ivhu kana kudya kunovaka muviri izvo, mushure memakore akawanda, zvakarasa chimiro chazvo uye zvakanyanyisa kuumbwa, zvichitadzisa kutenderera kwemvura.

Mumhando yekutengeserana kwekudya kunovaka muviri substrates, iyo chikafu chesherufu hupenyu Izvi zvinowanzogara kwemakore akati wandei, asi mumakungwa ane zvirimwa zvakawanda uye kudiwa kukuru, zvinogona kudzikiswa. Kunyangwe ivo vachimira kupa zvakawanda zvinovaka muviri, vanogona kuramba vachishanda sechinhu chemuviri uye chebiological base kana vakawedzerwa ... mafetireza emvura kana midzi.

Unogona here kuwedzera substrate kune yakazara aquarium nehove?

Izvo zvinogoneka kugadzirisa iyo substrate mune yakatosetwa-up aquarium, asi inofanirwa kuitwa nekuchenjerera. yakawanda yambiro kudzivirira kukanganisa hurongwa kana kuisa hove mungozi. Nzira yakachengeteka, kunyanya yekuchinja kukuru kana yakakwana, ndeiyi:

1. Bvisa mvura yakawanda sezvinobvira kumudziyo wakachena (kwete sipo), kwauchazoisawo hove kwenguva pfupi uye invertebrates.
2. Nyatsobvisa sefa uye hita, uchizvichengeta zvichimhanya kana kunyura mumvura ye aquarium kuenda usauraye boka remabhakitiriya.
3. Tora mukana we kuchenesa hwindo nekushongedza pasina makemikari, uchishandisa chete aquarium mvura uye chaiwo maturusi.
4. Bvisa iyo yekare substrate (zvakazara kana zvishoma) uye isa iyo itsva uchitevera chimiro chaunoda (zvikafu zvitubu, matombo, jecha, nezvimwewo).
5. Zadzazve iyo aquarium ne mvura yawakanga waisa parutivi, kuibvisa nemvura itsva ine dechlorinated kana zvichidiwa.

Kana hove dzadzoserwa kumvura yakachena neiyo substrate itsva, hazvikurudzirwe kuzadza tangi, kudyisa hove, kana kuunza vagari vatsva kamwechete. Unofanira kuvapa nguva yekugadzirisa. utachiona hunowedzera zvakare pane itsva substrate pamusoro uye nitrogen cycle inodzikama zvakare.

Kana iyo substrate shanduko iine zvishoma (semuenzaniso, kuwedzera matombo kana jecha pamusoro), inogona kuitwa neiyo aquarium yakazara zvishoma uye hove mukati, uchishandisa mudziyo kana chubhu. zvinyoronyoro isa substrate uye dzivisa makore makuru eguruva. Muchiitiko ichi, zvichave zvakakosha:

• Shandisa substrates ikozvino yakasukwa zvakanaka.
• Shanda zvishoma nezvishoma uye munzvimbo diki.
• Monitor mvura parameters mumazuva anotevera.

Maitiro ekuchenesa substrate ye aquarium

Kuchenesa uye kuchengetedza substrate hazvirevi nguva dzose kuitsiva. Saizvozvo, Haisi pfungwa yakanaka kuishandura zvachose kakawanda.nokuti taizorasikirwa nechikamu chakanaka chekoroni yebhakitiriya. Zvakanaka, tinofanira kusanganisa:

• Periodic surface aspiration kana siphoning: Mune gravel substrates, zvinokurudzirwa zvakanyanya kupuruzira zvinyoro nyoro pamusoro kuti ubvise zvimedu zvekudya uye sediment. Izvo zvakakosha kuti usapfure zvakanyanya muvhu rine hupfumi kuti urege kukanganisa chimiro chavo.
• Kuchinja kwemvura kwevhiki nevhiki kwe10-20%Vanobatsira kudzikisa nitrate uye mamwe makomisheni, kuderedza mutoro pane substrate.
• Kudzora kwekudyisaDzivisa kudyisa hove kuitira kuti zvakasara zvisaunganidze pasi.

Kana iyo substrate yapera zvachose kana kuderera zvakanyanya, zvingave zvakafanira kuitsiva. Muchiitiko ichocho, enderera sezvakatsanangurwa kare: bvisa hove, sefa, uye heater mumudziyo wemvura kubva mumvura, bvisa zvachose substrate, uye chengetedza mvura yakare yakawanda sezvinobvira kuitira kuti usatanga kutenderera kubva pakutanga.

Mvura inofanira kuchinjwa, sekutonga, mazuva ose mashoma. 10-20% vhiki imwe neimweNenzira iyi tinoona kuti mabhakitiriya anogona kukura zvirinani uye kuti substrate haizare nekukasira nezvinhu zvisingadiwe.

Nekusarudzwa kwakanaka kwekutanga uye kuchengetedza kunoenderana, iyo substrate inova mubatsiri mukuru kuchengetedza aquarium yakagadzikana ine zvidyarwa zvakasimba, hove dzine hutano, uye nzvimbo inoyevedza yemvura kwemakore mazhinji.