Kana isu tichigadzirira aquarium yedu tinofanirwa kuziva kuti kune zvinhu zvine basa rekushongedza uye chimwe chakakosha kuti chishande. Nekudaro, nhasi tiri kuzokuratidza chinhu chinoshanda zvese kushongedza uye kubatsira munharaunda ino. Ndezve iyo mavhu e aquariumsGravel ndechimwe chezvinhu zvinoshanda sechishongedzo uye senzvimbo yekuberekera mabhakitiriya kuti abudirire munzvimbo yakanaka. Uyezve, iyi girafu inobatsira kuchenesa pasi pe aquarium kuve nyore zvikuru.
Muchikamu chino tichaenda kukuudza izvo iyo maitiro e aquarium gravel, ndedzipi dzaro huru? inoshanda mukati meiyo ecosystemNdeapi marudzi aripo, maitiro ekusarudza imwe zvinoenderana neako aquarium purojekiti, maitiro ekuverenga kuti yakawanda sei yaunoda, maitiro ekuichenesa, pamwe nezvimwe. matombo mazano iyo inoshanda zvakanyanya mumvura yakachena uye mugungwa aquariums.
Iyo yakanakisa matombo e aquariums
Mumusika unogona kuwana yakakura siyana ye matombo nejecha nehukuru hwakasiyana hwezviyo, mavara, uye zvinhu. Pazasi, iwe unowana sarudzo yezvigadzirwa zvinomira kunze kwekukosha kwazvo, kuchengetedzwa kwehove, uye nyore kugadzirisa.
Croci A4000100 White Quartz 1-3 mm
Icho chiri mhando ye Ivhu jena remumvura Inofungidzirwa kuva nehukuru hwezviyo, sezvo huwandu hwayo hunobva pa1 kusvika ku3 mm. Inoshanda sechisikigo substrate kugadzira aquariums inofanana nenharaunda yakasikwa. Haina chaiwo maitiro. chepfu uye haisununguri carbonates panguva yekushandiswa, saka haina kunyanya kuchinja pH kana kuoma kwemvura.
Nekuda kwehukuru hwayo hwezviyo, matombo aya anobvumira a kuyerera kwemvura kwakanaka pakati pematombo, ayo anofarira kutenderera kweokisijeni uye colonization ye mabhakitiriya ari nitifyingPanguva imwecheteyo, ukuru hahuna hukuru zvokuti zvimedu zvekudya zvinogona kunamatira zvakadzika zvakanyanya, zvichiita kuti zvive nyore zvikuru basa rekuputira uye kuchengetedza pasi.
Unogona kudzvanya ku buy Iyi aquarium gravel.
Croci A4022203 Aquarium Giravel
Iri gravel rakanakira aquariums dzechisikigo ne zvirimwa chaizvoInoshandiswa kushongedza iyo aquarium, sezvo kune marudzi ane mavara akasiyana uye chitarisiko chaicho. Zvikuru zviri... limestone Uye haina-chepfu zvachose panguva yekushandiswa. Imhando yezviyo yakati kurei, inorema 5 mm.
Sezvo iri aggregate ye calcareous mavambo, inogona kubatsira kuwedzera kudiki mu GH uye KH yemvura, chimwe chinhu chinonakidza kwazvo mu aquariums de peces izvo zvinoda mvura yakaoma, senge mamwe macichlid emuAfrica kana vamwe vatakuri. Muzviitiko izvi, rudzi urwu rwematombo runobatsira kudzikamisa parameters pasina kudiwa kwekugara kwemakemikari additives.
Dzvanya kuti bata Mhando iyi yematombo ndeye aquariums.
Croci A4000132 Noa Grey 4-8 mm
Iyi imhando ye grayish-toned gravel ye aquariums iyo inonyanya kushandiswa decorate uye kubatsira mu kuchenesa aquariums dzepanyamaIyo isiri-chepfu uye haisununguri carbonates panguva yekushandiswa. Kusiyana nevaya vambotaurwa, ine saizi yakakasharara yezviyo, ingangoita pakati pe4 ne8 mm.
Iyi saizi yematombo yakakwana kune aquariums ine hove inomutsa substrate kana inoda yakasununguka substrate, pamwe nekugadzira nzvimbo dzakasimudzwa, nzira, kana materra mu aquascaping setups. Hukuru hwayo hwezviyo hwakakora hunowedzera zvakanyanya ... kusefa kwezvisikwa zvipenyunokuti mvura inotenderera zviri nyore pakati pematombo.
Dzvanya kutenga iri matombo e aquariums.
Marina 12496 Girafu, Bhuruu
Rudzi urwu rwevhu rune simba rekugadzira a waterscape ane chitarisiko chakanyanya chekushongedza. Ndiyo imwe yeakanakisa kushongedza matombo emugungwa uye emvura yakachena aquariums uko kubata kweruvara rwakanyanya kunodiwa. Iyo substrate yakafukidzwa ne epoxy resin Izvi zvinoita kuti matombo aya ave chinhu chisina simba mumvura. Nenzira iyi, inobatsira iyo aquarium kushanda zvakanaka.
Nekuita inert, inodzivirira chero makemikari kuchinja mvuraYakanakira kubvumira mabhakitiriya anobatsira kuti agare, achisimudzira kukura nekukura kwehove. Inopawo biological filtration uye mvura ine hutano. Kubatsira kukuru kwerudzi urwu rwe epoxy gravel ndeyekuti inopa mavara akanyanya pasina madhayi asangana nemvura.
Zvakakosha kuyeuka kuti, kunyange zvazvo zvinoyevedza, matombo ane mavara akajeka anogona kuwedzera kusiyana kwechiedza uye, mune dzimwe nguva, anogona. ratidza chiedza chakawandaIzvi zvinogona kufambisa kukura kwealgae kana photoperiod uye mutoro wekudya zvisina kunyatsogadziriswa. Izvo zvakakosha kuti utarise aya maficha mune yakanyanya kuvhenekerwa setups.
Dzvanya kuti uiwane mhando iyi matombo.
Marine Ekushongedza Giravhi yeAcarium
Iyi gravel ye aquarium inouya muhuwandu hwakasiyana. Iyo haina guruva uye yakachengeteka pakushanda kwakaringana kweiyo aquarium. Haina chepfu panguva yekushandiswa. Nekuda kwekuumbwa kwayo, inokwanisa kukwidziridza kugariswa kwe[miti/marudzi emumvura]. mabhakitiriya anobatsira zvemarudzi. Pamusoro pezvo, unozobatsirwa nekuva nemvura yakachena uye ine utano.
Seguva rekushongedza rakagadzirirwa zvakagadzirirwa aquariums, rakagadzirwa kuti risaparadze kana kuburitsa zvinhu zvinogona kukuvadza hove, shrimp, kana zvirimwa. Iyo isarudzo yakanaka kune avo vanotsvaga inoyevedza substrate inoitawo sea yekuwedzera biological filter uye kuve nyore kusiphon.
tinya kuti utore iyi aquarium gravel.
Chii chinonzi matombo anoshandiswa mu aquarium?
Iyo gravel iri mu aquarium ine akati wandei mabasa anogona kubatsira kuti ishande nemazvo. Chekutanga, inobatsira mukurapa chishongoIyo aquarium ine gravel ine mamwe echisikigo uye echokwadi kunzwa. Kune hove, inopawo mamiriro ezvinhu akafanana neayo ecosystem. Zvese izvi zvinowedzera kunaka kwekukwezva kweiyo aquarium yedu.
Kunze kwechimiro chekuona, matombo anozadzisa basa rakakosha se biological substratePakati pezviyo zvinogara makoroni emabhakitiriya ari nitrifying anoshandura ammonia kubva mutsvina uye chikafu chinoramba chiri ma nitrites uyezve mu nitrate, nokudaro kuvhara kutenderera kwe nitrogenPasina iyi colonization pamusoro, sefa yaizova shoma biological support uye mvura yaizova isina kudzikama nyore nyore.
Imwe kushandiswa kwematombo mu aquarium ndeye kugona kuve nayo zvinomera zvakasikwaZvirimwa zvinoda substrate kuti dzitore midzi uye ikure. Kunyange zvazvo mamwe marudzi achikwanisa kukura pamatombo kana matanda, mazhinji anokoshesa runyoro rwematombo kana jecha paanogona kumisa midzi yawo, kuwana zvinovaka muviri, uye kuzvidzikamisa pakurwisa mafungu.
Gravel inobatsirawo viga tsvina nezvimedu zvekudya kusvika panguva yekuchenesa, saka iyo aquarium haigare ichitaridzika yakasviba. Mune aquariums ine pasi isina chinhu, zvese zvinoonekwa, nepo ine substrate layer, kutaridzika kwakachena uye kwakawanda yunifomu.
Chekupedzisira, nekuda kwekuvapo kwematombo mu aquarium, mabhakitiriya anobatsira anokura, achibatsira mukushanda kwakanaka kwemvura uye aquarium yese. Mabhakitiriya aya anoshandisa matombo kuwanda. Ivhu, naizvozvo, rinoita se... natural biological filter Pamusoro peiyo mechanical uye kemikari sefa, kudzikamisa paramita uye kuderedza njodzi yeinonzi inonzi. nyowani aquarium syndrome.
Mhando dzemvura yakadzika
Kune marudzi akasiyana ematombo anoshandiswa muaquariums, ane zvinhu zvakasiyana, particle sizes uye maumbirwoKunzwisisa misiyano iyi kuchakubatsira iwe kusarudza yakanyanya kufanira substrate yehove dzako, zvidyarwa, uye mhando yemvura.
Kune mafirita equartz uye asina kwaakarerekera asingachinji maparamendi emvura. Vanogonawo kutengwa. matombo ecalcareous Aya matombo anowedzera GH uye KH yemvura uye akakodzera kushandiswa neAfrica cichlids kana mamwe marudzi akaoma-mvura. Nekushandisa matombo aya anosimudza aya ma parameter, unogona kudzivirira kuwedzera kuoma kwemvura.
Kune matombo machena, matema uye ane mavara. Mamwe anewo epoxy-coated. Mamwe akakodzera kumvura inonaya mvura yakachena, nepo mamwe anokodzera zvirinani [mamwe marudzi emumvura]. marine aquariumsPamusoro pezvo, kune matombo echisikigo asina kuvharwa, matombo egirazi, matombo ane porous ceramic gravel, uye masanganiswa chaiwo emvura yakadyarwa.
Quartz kana silica gravel (inert)
La quartz kana silica gravel Icho chimwe chezvinhu zvakanyanya kushandiswa. Iyo 100% yakasikwa, yakachena kwazvo, uye kazhinji haina kukanganisa kemikari yemvura. Kuve inert, haishandure pH kana kuomarara, zvichiita kuti ive yakanaka kune zhinji yemvura yakachena nharaunda aquariums.
Rudzi urwu rwematombo runowanikwa mune zvakasiyana-siyana saizi (granulometries)Iyo inowanzobva pa 1,4 mm kusvika 10 mm muhukobvu uye inouya nemarudzi akasiyana-siyana, kubva pamatoni echisikigo kusvika kune chena, dema, kana mavara akasanganiswa. Yakakwana kune yakasimwa aquariums. nano aquariums uye shrimp matangi, sezvo inobvumira kutenderera kwemvura kwakanaka uye yakanakisa colonization yeanobatsira mabhakitiriya.
Calcareous gravel
Makuva ecalcareous mavambo (semuenzaniso, mamwe matombo enzizi kana akapwanyika limestone nemakorari) anogona kuwedzera GH uye KH yemvura. Izvi zvinovaita kunyanya kunakidza mukuseta nehove dzinoda mvura yakaoma uye ine alkaline, senge macichlids mazhinji emuAfrica anobva kuLake Malawi kana Tanganyika.
Izvo hazvikurudzirwe kune aquariums kwadzinotsvakwa. mvura yakapfava uye ine acidic (madhisiki, mamwe marudzi eAmazonian, nezvimwewo), sezvavaigona kuramba vachiwedzera kuoma uye kuita kuti zvive zvakaoma kuchengetedza zvakakodzera parameters.
Natural Gravel vs. Painted Gravel
Pane matombo ekushongedza pamusika mu "mavara akajeka" anogona kunyatso tarisa. Zvisinei, mazhinji ematombo aya akaputirwa nawo madhayi kana pendi asiri chaiwo kune aquariums iyo, nekufamba kwenguva, inogona kuburitsa zvinhu zvinokuvadza mumvura.
Kurudziro yakajairika ndeyekugara uchisarudza 100% matombo chaiwo Kana, kana matombo ane mavara akasarudzwa, ita shuwa kuti ndizvo yakavharwa ne epoxy resin Yepamusoro-soro uye yakatenderwa kushandiswa mumvura. Aya epoxy-akavharwa matombo ane inert, haasvibise mvura, uye anobvumidza iwe kuti unakirwe nemavara anopenya pasina kukanganisa hutano hwehove dzako.
Ceramic uye yakanyanya porous gravel
Mamwe matombo anogadzirwa kubva kune yakanyanya porous ceramic zvinhu. Iyi mhando ye substrate inopa a nzvimbo yakakura yepamusoro yebhakitiriya colonizationzvakafanana nezvakaitwa neceramic zvindori musefa. Izvo zvinobatsira mu aquariums ine yakakwira biological load kana uko biological filtration inoda kuvandudzwa.
Chimiro chavo chinokurudzirawo midzi yemiti, kunyange zvazvo inowanzokurudzirwa kusanganisa pamwe chete nechidimbu chemuviri substrate kana kuti fertilization mumutsara wemvura, sezvo, ivo pachavo, ivo vanowanzova inert uye havapi zvokudya zvinovaka muviri.
Aquarium sands
Mukuwedzera kune matombo, kune akawanda jecha chairo remu aquariumsHukuru hwayo hudiki hwakatsetseka, kazhinji pakati pe0,1 ne2 mm. Silika jecha, semuenzaniso, rinoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumvura yakachena uye yegungwa aquariums.
Ijecha rinopa aesthetic yakasikwa uye yakanakira hove dzinogara pasi. Vanobvisa uye kusefa iyo substratesenge corydoras kana mamwe madiki cichlids. Zvisineyi, zvayakanaka kudaro, inoita kuti iwirirane zviri nyore, ichitadzisa kuyerera kwemvura muvhu uye zvichikwanisa kugadzira nzvimbo dzeanaerobic kana isina kuchengetedzwa zvakanaka.
Maitiro ekusarudza mavhu anoenderana nerudzi rwe aquarium
Tinofanira kusarudza rudzi rwematombo anobvumira mabhakitiriya anogona kugara nemazvo. Uyezve, haifanirwe kutsemuka nekufamba kwenguva kudzivirira mvura kuti isaite makore. Chimwe chinhu chakakosha chekutarisa pakusarudza matombo ndechekuti inogona chengetedza kupisa zvakanakaZvisinei, panguva imwe chete, inofanira kukwanisa kubvisa kupisa kudzivirira kuwedzera kwekushisa kunogona kukuvadza hove.
Izvo zvinodikanwa kuti uzive kana iyo aquarium ndeye hove dzinopisa kana mvura inotonhora. Kudzika kwetangi kunofanirawo kuverengerwa, sezvo tangi hombe inoda matombo akakora. Hove dzinowanzo gadzikana nevhu rakasununguka radzinokwanisa kufamba-famba mukati, nepo dzimwe mhuka dzichida imwe substrate yakamanikana yekuzororera.
Mukuwedzera kune tembiricha uye mhando yemvura, zvakakosha kufunga nezve maitiro emarudzi kuti uchachengeta:
- Kana iwe uine hove dzepasi Chemhondoro corydorasKune loaches kana dziva vacuums, zviri nani kushandisa matombo kubva yakanaka granulometry uye mipendero yakatenderedzwa kana jecha, kudzivirira kukanganisa kune mabarbel.
- Kana iwe ukaramba uchichera cichlids, ivo vachada substrate iyo vanogona kubvisa nyore, sejecha kana matombo akanaka.
- Mu aquariums ne shrimp uye diki invertebratesGiravhu rakanaka kana masanganiswa akagadzirirwa shrimp matangi asingachinji pH anokosheswa.
Mumvura yakasimwa, matombo anofanirwa kubvumira midzi yakanaka uye, kana zvichibvira, inogona kusanganiswa ne zvinovaka muviri substrate muchikamu chezasi kupa zvicherwa kwenguva refu. Inert gravel chete haipe chikafu, asi inopa tsigiro yemuviri uye kuyerera kwakanaka kwemvura.
Chimwe chinhu chekufunga nezve ruvara rwematomboMavara ane mavara akajeka zvikuru anoratidza chiedza chakawanda, icho chinowedzera aquarium asi chinogonawo kukurudzira kukura kwealgae kana chiedza chakanyanya uye huwandu hwezvokudya husina kuenzana. Giravhu rakasvibira, rakaita sedema kana shava, rinopa kutaridzika kwechisikigo, rinoderedza kupenya, uye rinowanzo fadza. kuderedza kushushikana muhovepamwe nokuratidza mavara ayo.
Ndezvipi zviri nani, aquarium jecha kana matombo?
Iyi ndiyo imwe yemibvunzo inowanzo bvunzwa nevanhu vanotanga munyika dzemu aquariums. silica sand Iyo yakanaka uye inoshandiswa pakushongedza. Ramba uchifunga kuti jecha rine saizi yezviyo isingasviki 1 mm. Gravel inoonekwa seine saizi yezviyo pakati pe2 ne5 mm, kunyangwe matombo akatsetseka e1-2 mm uye matombo akakora anosvika 10 mm aripowo.
Iro matombo akakodzera emu aquariums anowanzo kukora, kutenderedza 2-4 mm, nekuti inobvumira chiyero chakanaka pakati. kutenderera kwemvura, kugadziriswa kwebhakitiriya uye nyore kuchenesaNekudaro, isu tinofanirwa kuongorora kuti ndeupi rudzi rwe aquarium yatichazoshongedza.
Jecha rinoshongedza kupfuura matombo, asi rinogona kushandiswa nenzira dzakawanda. pamusoro-compactIzvi zvinotadzisa kuyerera kwemvura kuburikidza ne substrate uye inogona kugadzira nzvimbo dzisina oxygen-inopera apo zvisingadiwi makomisheni anogona kuumba. Kana iwe uchida aquarium ine zvirimwa zvipenyu, zviri nani kushandisa matombo kana specialized substrate, sezvo zvirimwa zvinogona kukura zviri nani uye midzi inogona kufema nyore nyore.
Jecha rinonyanya kukodzera kana tichingoda kuvandudza aesthetics kana kana tine marudzi ayo, nokuda kwemaitiro avo, anoda kusefa jecha rakanaka mumiromo yavo kana kuzviviga zvishoma. Chero zvazvingava, zvose jecha nematombo zvinofanira kuva aquarium-zvakananga uye zvinhu zvakachengeteka, kudzivisa jecha rekuvaka risingadzoreki kana matombo emubindu.
Mazhinji emazuva ano seti anosanganisa jecha nematombo kugadzira nzira, mabhichi kana nzvimbo dzakasiyanaZvichipa zvese zviri zviviri zvinhu zvine inert uye zvemavara akasiyana, mhedzisiro inogona kushamisa. Chinhu chakakosha kuronga nzvimbo yacho zvakanaka kuitira kuti jecha risasanganise nejecha nekufamba kwenguva.
Verenga huwandu hwejecha rinodiwa mugungwa
Nzira iri nyore yekuverenga kuti ivhu rakawanda sei raunoda muaquarium yako ndeiyi inotevera: Wedzera hurefu nehupamhi hweiyo aquarium uye nehukobvu hwematombo hunodiwa mumasendimita. Kamura mhedzisiro yacho ne 1000. Hwaro hwese hunoshandiswa mufomula iyi hunofanirwa kunge huri mumasendimita. Izvi zvinokupa mhedzisiro yekupedzisira mumasendimita. litres e substrate.
Iyo yakakosha formula ingave:
(kureba x upamhi x kureba kwechikamu) / 1000 = vhoriyamu mumatita
Kazhinji, nokuda kwezvikonzero zvekugadzira, inowanzoiswa yakanyanya kuoma kumashure pane kumberi, zvichigadzira maonero akadzama. Muchiitiko ichi, kana uchiverenga huwandu hwechigadzirwa, unofanirwa kuenzana kureba pakati pemashure uye kumberi.
Iyo formula yeavhareji urefu ingave:
layer urefu = (kureba kumashure + kureba kumberi) / 2
Ramba uchifunga kuti matombo akawanda anotengeswa kilos uye kwete nemalita, saka iwe uchada kutendeuka kudiki. Iyo inofungidzirwa density yemhando yega yega yeaggregate ndeye:
- Jecha rakanaka (0,5 mm - 1,9 mm): density inenge 1,9 kg/litre.
- Ivhu rakanaka (2 mm - 3 mm): density inosvika 1,7 kg/litre.
- Guruva repakati (4 mm - 6 mm): density inenge 1,5 kg/litre.
Kushandura kubva pamarita kuenda kumakirogiramu unogona kushandisa:
vhoriyamu mumalita x density = makirogiramu ejecha kana matombo
Tichitevera muenzaniso unoshanda, kune aquarium ye60 x 35 x 35 cm kwatinoda kuisa yepakati pevhu substrate nehurefu hwemasendimita matatu kumberi uye 10 cm kumashure:
- Avhareji urefu = (3 + 10) / 2 = 6,5 cm
- Vhoriyamu = (60 x 35 x 6,5) / 1000 = 13,65 marita
- Makirogiramu anodiwa = 13,65 x 1,5 = anenge 20,48 kg
Zviri nani kutenga imwe substrate zvishoma Iwo theoretical calculations inobvumidza iwe kutamba nekuyamura, kunyanya kana iwe uchida kugadzira nzvimbo dzakakwirira kumashure kana mativi. Kuve chinhu chine inert, chero chinhu chasara chinogona kuchengetwa mukurongedzerwa kwayo kwepakutanga munzvimbo inotonhorera, yakaoma pasina kushatisa.
Nzira yekugeza sei aquarium gravel
Usati wapinza chero matombo kana jecha mutangi, zvakakosha kuita a kutanga kunyatsogezaNenzira iyi unobvisa guruva, kutakura marara uye zvidimbu zvidiki zvinogona kufukidza mvura.
Kuti ugeze matombo emu aquarium, ingoiisa musefa yakakura, yakachena uye wodira mvura pamusoro payo. Zvadaro, zunza zvinyoronyoro uye wosukurudza matombo pamusoro pemugomo pane kudzika pasi kuitira kuti ikwanise kutsvedza zvakanaka. Mawachi akawanda anowanzodiwa kusvikira mvura yayerera inenge yakachena.
Mamwe matombo akanaka kwazvo kana jecha angada nguva yakareba yekugezaHazvikurudzirwe kushandisa sipo, detergents, kana makemikari ekuchenesa zvigadzirwa, nekuti zvinogona kusiya masara ehupfu. Mvura yakachena chete uye mwoyo murefu.
Kana chakachena, icho nzvimbo Nyatsoisa dhizaini pazasi pe aquarium, uchiiparadzira zvakaenzana uye uchigadzira zororo sezvaunoda. Regedza kudurura zvakananga pagirazi kudzivirira kushushikana kana kukwenya, kunyanya munzvimbo dzemumvura dzine girazi rakatetepa.
Mushure mekuzadza aquarium kekutanga, zvakajairika kuti mvura iite makore zvishoma kwemaawa mashoma kana paine chero zvidimbu zvakamiswa. kuchutera uye mabhakitiriya achatarisira kujekesa mvura nekufamba kwenguva.
Kutenda kune zvese izvi ruzivo, girafu inova chinhu chakakosha icho chisingaiti chete runako uye hunhu kune aquarium, asiwo inovandudza kugadzikana kwayo kwehupenyu, inobatsira kuchengetedza mvura iri nani uye inoita kuti zvive nyore kuhove nezvirimwa kukura zvine hutano.
