La aquarium hobby Zvinopfuura kuita zvekuzvivaraidza nazvo: inzira yakasarudzika ye kubatana nehupenyu hwemugungwa uye nzwisisa inonakidza nyika yemumvura kubva mukunyaradza kweimba yako. Kutanga mune aquaistics kunosanganisira kutora mutoro, sezvo iyo kugara zvakanaka kwehove nemamwe marudzi iyo inogara mu aquarium inotsamira zvakanyanya pakuzvipira kwedu, ruzivo uye kuzvipira kwezuva nezuva.
Kupfuura chikamu chekuvaraidza, aquaristics inoonekwa seyakangoita a ciencia. Zvinoda kuwana ruzivo nezve biology, kemikari yemvura uye nzira dzekugadzirisa kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti hove dzinorarama hutano hwakakwana uye munzvimbo yakagadzikana. Kune vanotanga, kupinda munyika ino kunoreva kudzidza nhanho nhanho, kubva pakusarudza iyo aquarium nenzvimbo yayo kuimisa uye kutarisira mumwe nemumwe wevagari vayo.
Sei uchitanga mu aquaistics?
Aquarium kuchengetedza inopa akawanda mabhenefiti kune vese vanhu uye mhuri. Haisi chete inopa mukana wekutarisa uye kudzidza nezve miniature yemvura ecosystem, asi zvakare inosimudzira kuzorora, inoderedza kushushikana uye inoita kuti pave nemhoteredzo yepamba inowirirana. Uyezve, kuva neaariyamu kunomutsa kuda kuziva kwesainzi, kunyanya muvana, kunosimudzira mutoro, uye kunovandudza hunyanzvi hwekutarisa nekuongorora.
Ichi chitandadzo, zvisinei, chinoda kutanga kudyara kwenguva, zviwanikwa, uye kushivirira. Izvo zvakakosha kuti unzwisise kuti kubudirira mu aquaristics hakubvi parudzi rwe aquarium kana kunaka kwehove, asi kuenderana mukuchengetedza, kunzwisisa kweiyo ecosystem uye kusarudzwa kwakaringana uye kusanganiswa kwezvipenyu.
Kusarudza Iyo Yakarurama Aquarium: Saizi uye Chimiro
Imwe yezvikanganiso zvinowanzoitika pakati pevatangi vekutanga kusarudza aquarium iyo idiki kwazvo. Kunyangwe zvingaite sezvinopesana, Mahombe emvura akadzikama zvakanyanya uye nyore kuchengetedza. Kuchinja kwezviyero zvemvura (kupisa, pH, nitrites, nitrate, nezvimwewo) kune zvishoma zvishoma pahuwandu hwehuwandu, kuderedza dambudziko rekushungurudzika uye zvirwere muhove.
- Hushoma hunokurudzirwa saizi inowanzotenderedza 60 cm kureba ne30 cm yakafara uye yakakwirira, ine simba rinosvika 54-60 litres. Izvi zvinobvumira pekugara zvisikwa zvidiki zvinoverengeka, kudzivirira kuwandisa uye nekuona nzvimbo yakakwana yekushambira.
- Kune avo vanogona kuzvitenga, tora aquarium yeinenge 100 litita inofambisa kudzikamiswa kweiyo ecosystem uye inoderedza mukana wekukanganisa kunouraya.
- Iyo aquarium inofanira kuva nechimiro chenguva dzose, zvichida rectangular. Maumbirwo akatenderedzwa kana kudzika anogona kukanganisa kugoverwa kweokisijeni uye kuita kuti kucheneswa nekugadzirisa kunetse.
Zvakare, rangarira kuti hove dzinokura, uye marudzi mazhinji anogona kusvika pahukuru hunokatyamadza zvichienzaniswa nekuonekwa kwavo kwepwere muchitoro. Usati wafunga nezverudzi, tsvaga kukura kwayo uye mamiriro ayo ainoda.
Mhando huru dze aquariums kune vanotanga
Kune akati wandei masitaera e aquariums, imwe neimwe ine akasiyana maitiro uye zvinodiwa. Kutanga, iyo inonyanya kukurudzirwa sarudzo inowanzova a tropical mvura yakachena aquarium, kunyangwe isu tichaongorora nzira huru:
- Tropical Freshwater Aquarium: Ndiyo yakajairika uye iri nyore kuchengetedza. Inobvumira kune zvakasiyana-siyana zvakasiyana-siyana de peces uye zvinomera, pamwe nekuve nekushivirira kwekutanga kukanganisa.
- Coldwater Aquarium: Yakagadzirirwa zvipenyu zvakaita sehove dzegoridhe, koi carp, uye hove dzinodziya dzemamiriro ekunze. Aya ma aquariums anowanzoda midziyo mishoma, asi zvakakosha kuti urege kuwandisa, sezvo hove idzi dzichikura zvakanyanya.
- Marine Aquarium: Kune vanoda makorari nehove dzekunze, kunyangwe kuchengetedza kwavo kuri kudiwa zvakanyanya, kunoda ruzivo rwepamberi, michina chaiyo, uye ruzivo rwepamusoro rweparameter control.
- Yakasimwa aquarium (kana aquascaping): Yakatarisana nekugadzira zvisikwa zvepasi pemvura. Yakanakira avo vanoda kusanganisa hove uye mhenyu zvidyarwa, kuenzanisa mwenje, CO2, uye zvinovaka muviri.
- Mhando-chete aquarium: Izvi zvinosanganisira kuchengeta rudzi rumwechete rwehove kana mhando, dzakadai sebettas kana discus fish. Inobvumira kutarisirwa kwakadzika, asi inoda kunyatsodzidza zvinodiwa nemhuka yakasarudzwa.
Kukosha kwenzvimbo ye aquarium
Usati wamisa iyo aquarium, zvakakosha kuti ufunge nezvayo nzvimbo mumbaMvura yepakati kana yakakura, kana yangozadzwa, inorema kwazvo uye haigone kufambiswa zviri nyore.
- Dzivisa nzvimbo dzakaratidzwa zuva rakananga kudzivirira kukura kwealgae kwakanyanyisa uye kushanduka kwekushisa kusingadiwi.
- Usaisa pedyo mafungu emhepo, ma radiator, zvitofu kana ma air conditioning units, sezvo anogona kukanganisa tembiricha yemvura uye kugara zvakanaka kwehove.
- Ita shuwa kuti iri pedyo nea plug kufambisa kubatana kwemafirita, heaters, mwenje, aerators uye zvimwe zvigadzirwa zvemagetsi.
- Sarudza imwe chakasimba, chakati sandara, uye chakati sandara, inokwanisa kutsigira huremu hwese hwemu aquarium (100-litre aquariums inogona kurema kupfuura 120 kg kana yakazara).
- Isa iyo aquarium munzvimbo inooneka uye inosvikika nyore kuitira kuti iwe unakirwe nayo uye nekukurumidza kuona chero matambudziko angangoitika.
Kugadzira iyo aquarium nhanho nhanho
Kugadzirira kwakakodzera kunovimbisa kubudirira kwenguva refu. Pazasi pane matanho akakosha ega ega anofanirwa kutevedzera kana achigadzira yavo yekutanga aquarium:
- Kuchenesa kwekutanga: Usati wamisa aquarium yako, ichenese nemvura chete; usamboshandisa sipo kana mishonga yekugezesa. Ita zvakafanana nemarara uye zvinhu zvekushongedza (matombo, midzi, nezvimwewo) kubvisa chero guruva kana marara.
- Kuisa substrate: Govera 3 kusvika 5 cm yeakakosha aquarium substrate (matombo, jecha, kana kudya kunovaka muviri kana uri kuwedzera mhenyu zvirimwa). Sarudza imwe inoenderana nerudzi rwauri kupfuya.
- Kuiswa kwezvinhu zvinokosha: Usati wazadza aquarium, isa sefa, hita (kana zvichidikanwa), aerator, uye mwenje. Nenzira iyi, haufanirwe kuibata kana yazadzwa nemvura.
- Kuzadza aquarium: Zadza aquarium zvishoma nezvishoma, uchiisa saucer kana bhegi pamusoro pe substrate kuti urege kuikanganisa. Shandisa mvura yemupombi inobatwa neanti-chlorine uye anti-chloramine zvigadzirwa.
- Kushongedza: Wedzera matombo, matanda, uye zvirimwa (zvakasikwa kana zvekugadzira), kuve nechokwadi kuti hazvitadzise kufamba kwemahara kwehove kana kudzivirira kutenderera kwemvura.
- Equipta kutanga: Batidza sefa uye hita kana iri tropical aquarium. Tarisa kuti zvese zviri kushanda nemazvo uye kuti maparamita emvura akakwana.
- Aquarium Maturation: Zvakakosha kumirira mavhiki matatu kana mana (nitrogen cycle) tisati tasuma hove. Munguva iyi, mabhakitiriya anobatsira anotora sefa uye substrate, achishandura zvinhu zvine chepfu senge ammonia kuita zvisingakuvadzi makomisheni.
Iyo nitrogen kutenderera: kiyi kune zvipenyu kuenzanisa
Imwe yeanonyanya kukosha mapoinzi kune chero aquarist, kunyanya pakutanga, ndeye kunzwisisa sei iyo kutenderera kwe nitrogen. Hove dzinobudisa tsvina inova ammonia, chinhu chine muchetura chinogona kuuraya vagari vese vemu aquarium kana chikasaragwa. Nitrifying mabhakitiriya anotanga kushandura ammonia kuita nitrites (zvakare zvine chepfu) uyezve mukati nitrate (zvishoma zvine ngozi), izvo zvinopedzisira zvatorwa nezvirimwa kana kubviswa nemvura inochinja.
- Munguva ye aquarium maturation process, usasuma hove. Iwe unogona kuwedzera zvishoma chikafu chehove kana kushandisa zvigadzirwa zvekutengesa zvinomhanyisa bhakitiriya colonization, asi gara uchitevera mirairo yemugadziri.
- Zvinokurudzirwa kugara uchiyera ammonia, nitrite uye nitrate mazinga nemiedzo chaiyo panguva iyi.
- Kukurumidza kuunza hove kunogona kukonzera maspikes ehuturu hunouraya uye kutadza kweiyo aquarium kubva pakutanga.
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Kusarudzwa de peces uye kugarisana
Kusarudza mhando dzinozogovera aquarium zvine hungwaru kwakakosha kudzivirira hutsinye, kushushikana, kana chirwere. Ramba uchifunga nezvezvinotevera:
- Dzidzai maitiro emhando imwe neimwe: Dzimwe dzine nharaunda, dzimwe dzine runyararo, uye dzimwe dzinofanira kugara mumapoka.
- Tarisa nzvimbo, kudya, tembiricha uye mvura paramita zvinodiwa zverudzi rwega.
- Sanganisira hove dzine saizi yevakuru inokodzera huwandu hweaquarium yako. Hove diki inogona kukura zvakanyanya yopedzisira yadya dzimwe kana kurwara nekuda kwekushaya nzvimbo.
- Usawandisa aquarium: Mutemo mukuru wegunwe isentimita imwe yehove dzevakuru parita, kunyange zvazvo mutemo uyu une zvakawanda zvakasiyana.
- Dzivisa kubatanidza zvisikwa zvisingaenderane (nekuda kwehukuru, hukasha, kana zvido zvezvipenyu) uye gara uchitarisa kune akavimbika masosi usati waita chero kutenga pasina kufunga.
Chaiyo acclimatization yehove kune aquarium
Kana yasvika nguva yekusuma hove, zvakakosha kuzviita zvishoma nezvishoma kudzivirira thermal uye parameter shocks:
- Dzima mwenje we aquarium uye uyangarara bhegi rakavharwa nehove kweanenge 15-20 maminetsi kuenzanisa tembiricha.
- Zvishoma nezvishoma wedzera madiki emvura ye aquarium mubhegi maminetsi ega ega kweinenge hafu yeawa, kuitira kuti hove dzijaire kuumbwa kwemvura (pH, kuoma, nezvimwewo).
- Usambofa wakadurura mvura kubva mubhegi kupinda mu aquarium: inogona kunge iine zvirwere kana zvinhu zvinokuvadza. Shandisa mambure kuendesa hove chete.
- Pese pazvinogoneka, chengeta hove itsva mutangi rekuvharirwa kwemavhiki maviri kana matatu usati wadzisuma kutangi guru.
Basic Aquarium Maintenance: Mabasa uye Routines
A aquarium ine hutano inoda mabasa ekugadzirisa nguva dzose ayo, kana angoziva, haadi kushanda nesimba. Kuzvipira kwako kunoshandura kuita hove dzine hutano uye inoshamisa aquarium. Zviito zvakakosha zvinosanganisira:
- Kudyisa: Ipa chete huwandu hwechikafu chavanogona kushandisa mumaminitsi 2-3, kamwe kana kaviri pazuva. Dzivisa kudyisa, sezvo izvi zvinogadzira tsvina uye zvinosvibisa mvura.
- Kuchinja kwemvura zvishoma: Dzorera 15-25% yemvura vhiki imwe neimwe kana maviri, uchishandisa mvura yakagadzika yakagadziriswa kubvisa chlorine nezvimwe zvinowedzera. Izvi zvinobatsira kudzora nitrate uye kuzadzazve zvicherwa zvakakosha.
- Sefa yekuchenesa: Tarisa sefa mwedzi wega wega uye chenesa zvinhu zvayo mumvura kubva mu aquarium pachayo kudzivirira kubvisa mabhakitiriya anobatsira. Usamboshandisa mvura yemupombi isina kucheneswa.
- Kubvisa algae uye kuchenesa girazi: Shandisa maturusi chaiwo kubvisa algae kubva mugirazi uye kushongedza kana zvichidikanwa.
- Kuchekerera miti: Kana uine zvinomera zvechisikigo, cheka mashizha akafa uye madzinde kudzivirira kuunganidzwa kweorganic matter.
- Kutariswa kwezuva nezuva: Pedza maminetsi mashoma uchitarisa hove dzako zuva rega rega. Kuchinja kwemaitiro, mavara, kana chido chekudya kazhinji zviratidzo zvekutanga zvematambudziko emvura.
Yakakosha midziyo ye aquarium
Kuve nemidziyo yakakodzera kwakakosha pakubudirira mukuchengetedza aquarium. Zvinhu zvakakosha izvo aquarium yega yega inofanirwa kuve nayo ndeiyi:
- Sefa: Inochengetedza mvura yakachena uye ine oxygen, kubvisa tsvina uye kukurudzira kukura kwebhakitiriya inobatsira. Kune mafirita emukati, emubhegi, ekunze, nechiponji; sarudza yakanyatsokodzera zvichienderana nehukuru uye mhando ye aquarium.
- Hita: Yakakosha munzvimbo dzinopisa dzemvura, inochengetedza tembiricha yakagadzikana zvichienderana nezvinodiwa nehove dzako. Zvimwe zvinosanganisira thermostat inogadziriswa.
- Taa: Zvakakosha kune zvinomera zvakasikwa uye hutano hwehove. Mwenje dze LED dzinoshanda uye dzinoburitsa kupisa kushoma.
- Aerator (kusarudza): Inosimudzira oxygenation yemvura, kunyanya inobatsira mu aquariums ine vanhu vakawanda kana panguva yekupisa kwakanyanya.
- Kuchenesa zvinhu: Algae scrapers, gravel siphon, migomo nemambure ekubata hove uye kuchenesa pasi.
- Analysis kits: pH, nitrite, nitrate, uye kuoma mita kwakakosha pakutarisa hutano hwe ecosystem.
- Thermometer: Kutarisa tembiricha zuva nezuva.
- Substrate uye zvekushongedza: Pamusoro pebasa ravo rekunakisa, vanopa pekugara uye nzvimbo dzekuvanda dzehove.
Kemikari yemvura: pH, kuoma uye mamwe ma parameter
Hunhu hwemvura hwakakosha pakurarama kwehove uye kugara zvakanaka. Iyo inonyanya kukosha parameter yekutarisa ndeiyi:
- pH: Inoyera dhigirii yeasidhi kana alkalinity yemvura. Hove zhinji dzemumvura yakachena dzinogara pakati pe6.5 ne7.5.
- Kuoma (GH uye KH): Inoratidza kuwanda kwemaminerari. Mamwe marudzi anofarira mvura yakapfava (yakaderera kuoma), asi mamwe anofarira mvura yakaoma.
- Ammonia, nitrite uye nitrate mazinga: Ammonia uye nitrites inofanira kugara iri zero. Nitrates inofanira kuva pasi pe40 mg/litre.
- Kupisa: Kazhinji pakati pe22 ne26°C kumarudzi akawanda anopisa, kunyange zvazvo inogona kusiyana zvichienderana nehove.
Dzivisa kuchinja kwechimbichimbi kune aya ma parameter. Kuchinja zvishoma nezvishoma hakunyanyi kunetseka kune vagari vemu aquarium. Kana iwe uchida kuzvishandura, ita zvishoma nezvishoma uye simbisa mhedzisiro nemhando yebvunzo.
Kudzivirira Zvirwere uye Matambudziko muAquarium
Nzira yakanakisa yekudzivirira zvirwere muhove uye vamwe vagari ndeyekuvachengeta mu kushushikana-isina nzvimbo ine kunaka kwemvuraZvinhu zvakakosha zvekufunga nezvazvo:
- Dzivisa kudyisa, sezvo zvisaririra zvacho zvichibudisa zvokudya zvinovaka muviri zvakawandisa uye kuwanda kwemabhakitiriya anokuvadza.
- Ita nguva dzose kuchinja kwemvura kunyungudutsa zvinogona kusvibisa.
- Kuvharirwa kwehove itsva: Izvi zvinokutadzisa kuunza zvipembenene kana zvirwere kune hove dzako dzakasimbiswa.
- Gara uchiongorora hove dziri muchitoro, uchinzvenga dzipi nedzipi dzinoratidza zviratidzo zvechirwere, kushambira kusinganzwisisike, kana kukuvara kwechipere.
- Chengetedza utsanana uye udzivise zvigadzirwa zvemakemikari zvisingakoshi. Bata iyo aquarium chete kana zvichidikanwa uye pasi pekurudziro.
- Mhoteredzo inochengetedzwa zvakanaka, ine pokugara, nzvimbo dzine mimvuri, uye mhepo yakapfava, inobatsira kuchengeta hove dzakasununguka uye dzine utano.
Mazano ekupedzisira ekutanga kunobudirira mune aquaistics
La kushivirira and the kuenderera mberi nekudzidziswa Ndivo vabatsiri vepamusoro kune chero hobbyist. Tora nguva yekuverenga, bvunza zvinyorwa zvinovimbika, uye bvunza mibvunzo pamaforamu akasarudzika usati waita sarudzo dzakakosha (sekuunza mhando nyowani, kugadzirisa maparamita, kana kushandisa marapirwo).
Tenga hove dzako nemidziyo kubva kuzvitoro zvinovimbwa uye, kana uine mukana, shanyira akati wandei kuenzanisa mhando nemazano. Usaite zvekumhanya-mhanya: zvikanganiso zvinowanzoitika kune vanotanga kazhinji zvinokonzerwa nesarudzo dzechimbichimbi kana kushaikwa kweruzivo.
Matambudziko mu aquarium anogona kuva kudzivirira Zviri nyore nehwaro hweruzivo hwakasimba uye maitiro ekugadzirisa anowirirana. Iwe uchanakidzwa ne aquarium yako zvakanyanya kana iwe uchipedza maminetsi mashoma zuva rega rega uchiicherechedza nekuichengeta.
