Chiitiko ichi chakajairika zvekuti hachionekwi: tinobatidza muchina wekuwachisa, todurura mvura mudhiramu, uye mvura inobva yanyangarika mudhiraivha. Asi mukufamba ikoko kwemvura... zviuru zvemachira madiki epurasitiki inosunungurwa kubva muzvipfeko zvekugadzira, izvo zvinopedzisira zvapfuura nemumiti yekurapa, kusvika kunzizi, ivhu rekurima uye kunyange chikafu chedu.
Chikwata che Yunivhesiti yeBonn yakagadzira sefa yakafuridzirwa nehurongwa hwekudyisa de peces semasadhini, ayo anokwanisa kubata anopfuura 99% emapurasitiki madiki Chiripo mumvura yekugeza. Chishandiso chiri nyore, chisina michina yakaoma, chinogona kubatanidzwa mumichina yekuwachisa yeramangwana kuderedza chimwe chezvinhu zvisinganyanyi kusvibisa zuva nezuva.
Dambudziko risingaonekwe mune zvese zvinhu zvekuwacha
Pakutanga kuona, mvura inobva mumuchina wekuwachisa wepamba inoita seyakachena, asi ine zvidimbu zvepurasitiki zvidiki-diki Mashinda aya anobva muzvipfeko zvakaita semajaketi emvere dzemakwai, maT-shirt ehunyanzvi, kana zvipfeko zvemitambo. Kugeza kwega kwega kunoburitsa mashinda madiki, ayo, nekuda kwehukuru hwawo, akaoma kuchengetedza mumasisitimu ekurapa mvura yakasviba.
Ongororo dzakaitwa nechikwata cheGerman dzinofungidzira kuti imba yevanhu vana anogona kusunungura kumativi ose hafu yekirogiramu yemapurasitiki madiki pagore kubva pakuwacha mbatya chete. Zvimwe zvezvidimbu izvi zvinobatwa mumiti yekuchenesa mvura yakasviba, asi zvakawanda zvinopinda mu tsvina yetsvinaiyo inoshandiswa sefetereza muminda yekurima, uko shinda dzinozopararira zvakare.
MuEurope, dambudziko iri riri kutanga kuoneka munyaya dzezvematongerwo enyika nesainzi. mapurasitiki madiki muvhu, pasi pevhu uye cheni dzezvekudya Izvi zvinonetsa vakuru vezvekuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza, avo vanoona kushambidza dzimba senzvimbo huru inokonzera kusvibiswa kwemhepo iyo ichiri kudzorwa zvisina kunaka.
Kusvika pari zvino, mafirita emuchina wekuwachisa emakambani ave achipa mhinduro dzisina kukwana: dzimwe dziripo Zvinokurumidza kuvharikaVamwe havachengete machira akakwana kana kuti vanodhura zvakanyanya. Dambudziko riri pakutsvaga nzira inoshanda, yekuzvichenesa, uye inodhura zvishoma kune mushandisi wemuEurope.
Chimiro chezvisikwa: masadhini nedzimwe hove dzinodyisa sefa
Kuti vawane imwe nzira inoshanda, vaongorori vekuBonn vakatsvaga hove dziri pasi pemvura. masadhini, anchovies kana mackerel Dzinodya nekusefa mvura yakawanda yegungwa, dzichibata plankton uku dzichibvumira mvura yakachena kuti ipfuure nemumagaro adzo.
Chakavanzika chiri mu magadzirirwo emaberere ayo emapaziizvo zvinoumba rudzi rwefunnel ine maburi. Maburi aya akafukidzwa nezvikamu zvakanaka, zvakaita semazino kana kuti zvakaita semusana zvinoumba sefa yechisikigo. Mvura inopinda nemuromo, inopfuura nepamadziro anopindika e "funnel," uye inobuda nepamagill, ukuwo zvinovaka muviri zvichichengetwa uye zvichitsvedza zvichidzika kusvika pahuro.
Kubatsira kukuru kwegadziriro iyi ndiko haiputsiPanzvimbo pekuroverana zvakananga negrid, zvidimbu izvi zvinokweverwa pamusoro penzvimbo yakakotama, zvichidzivirira kuungana kunogona kuputsa kuyerera kwemvura. kuzvichenesa nguva dzose Izvi ndizvo chaizvo zvaisave nemafirita akawanda akagadzirirwa michina yekuwachisa kusvika pari zvino.
Chikwata ichi, chine mhedzisiro yakabudiswa mujenari Zvinosvibisa zviri kubuda zve npjVakaongorora zvakadzama maitiro emugero wegill funnel: kona yekuvhura, kurongeka kwemusana, uye maburi echivako. Zvichibva paruzivo urwu, vakagadzira modhi yekugadzira iyo inotevedzera mafungiro ekusefa ehove idzi, asi yakachinjika kuhukuru uye maitiro eshinda dzepurasitiki.
Mushure mekuenzanisa uye bvunzo dzinoverengeka, vakagadzirisa zvese zviri zviviri kupfava kwemesh zvakaita sekutsveyamisa madziro emugero kuitira kuti mvura nepurasitiki zviite zvakafanana nemaitiro anoita mvura yegungwa neplankton mumagill ehove.
Sefa ye biomimetic yemuchina wekuwachisa: mashandiro ayo
Mugumisiro webasa iri ifirita inoita se fani inopindikaMvura yekuwachisa inopinda nepanzvimbo yakakura, inofamba nepachivakwa ichi uye inopfuura nepamadziro ane maburi kuti idzokere kudunhu remuchina wekuwachisa kana kuenda kudhireni yatochena zvachose.
Pane kuti ivharwe netambo yepamberi, machira epurasitiki anotevera kuyerera kunotungamirirwa nepamusoro pe funnelKufamba uku kwekukweva, kunoonekwa muhove dzinodyisa hove nefirita, kunoita kuti zvidimbu zvisaungane panzvimbo imwe chete, asi kuti zvifambe zvichienda kunzvimbo yakagadzirirwa kuunganidzwa pasina kukanganisa kuyerera kwemvura.
Kuongororwa kwemurabhoritari uchishandisa mvura yekugeza yakaedzwa kwakaratidza kuti nzira iyi inobvumira chengetedza zvinopfuura 99% zvemapurasitikiKushanda uku kunopfuura zvakanyanya kwemaitiro mazhinji aripo parizvino. Sekureva kwevaongorori, chinhu chikuru hachisi pahukuru hwemambure chete, asiwo mukubatanidzwa kwejometri, kutsveyama, uye kuyerera.
Imwe mukana wayo ndewekuti nyore kwemuchinaMudziyo uyu haudi zvikamu zvakaoma zvinofamba: chimiro chesefa ndicho chinotungamira mvura nemarara. Zviri nyore izvi zvinoratidza kuti mutengo wekugadzira wakaderera uye mukana wakaderera wekukuvara, chimwe chinhu chakakosha nekuti chinoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumidziyo yemumba.
Dhizaini yacho inosanganisira nzira iyo mapurasitiki madiki anoungana. Nguva nenguva, nzira yekukweva Inoburitsa chinhu ichi yochichengeta muchikamu chidiki kwachinogona kuvharwa.
Kubva pafibers dzakapararira kusvika papellet yemarara
Chimwe chezvinhu zvinoshanda zvehurongwa uhwu ndechekuti marara akabatwa haasiyiwi akasununguka mukati memuchina. Mvura ine fiber dzakachengetedzwa inounganidzwa munzvimbo chaiyo uko, kuburikidza nekushanda, [shoko risipo - pamwe "matope" kana "firita"] rinoumbwa. piritsi diki rakasimba kana kuti pellet.
Piritsi iri rinogadzirwa panguva dzakasiyana-siyana dzekusuka, saka mushandisi haafanire kupindira mushure mekuiswa kwega kwega. Zvichienderana nekuverenga kwakaitwa nechikwata cheBonn, huwandu hwekubuda kwemvura hunogona kunge hwakafanana. kuwacha gumi nemaviri ega ega, zvichienderana nekushandiswa kwemuchina wekuwachisa uye rudzi rwembatya.
Pfungwa yacho ndeyekuti kugadziriswa kwevashandisi kuchave zvishoma uye zviri nyoreZvaizokwana kuvhura chivharo, kubvisa purasitiki woikanda mumarara epamba, pasina chikonzero chekubata mafirita azere nemvura yakasviba kana kupatsanura zvikamu zvemukati.
Nekuisa dambudziko panzvimbo imwe chete, shinda dzinodzivirirwa kuti dzisapararire nemumapaipi, nzvimbo dzekuchenesa mvura yakasviba, kana minda yekurima. Kunyange zvazvo zvasara zvekupedzisira zvichiri zvepurasitiki, zviri inodzorwa uye inowanikwa, iyo inobatsira kutarisirwa kwayo mukati mehurongwa hwemarara emumaguta huripo.
Vatungamiriri vepurojekiti vanosimbisa kuti nzira iyi haina chinangwa chekugadzirisa dambudziko re microplastics yoga, asi inopa chishandiso chaicho chekubatsira kuderedza tsime guru rekusvibiswa kwezuva nezuva pasina kuda shanduko huru mutsika dzevanhu.
Kushandira pamwe uye kugona kushandiswa muEurope
Tekinoroji iyi iri mukuita patent uye timu inobva kuYunivhesiti yeBonn yatove kushanda nesangano iri Fraunhofer UMSICHT kutamisa muenzaniso kubva murabhoritari kuenda kumidziyo inogona kubatanidzwa muindasitiri.
Chinangwa chacho chine zvinhu zviviri: kune rumwe rutivi, kuti vagadziri vemichina yekuwachisa batanidza rudzi urwu rwesefa mumamodeli matsva; kune rumwe rutivi, gadzira mhinduro dzinogona kuiswa se zvishongedzo zvemidziyo iripoIzvi zvinonyanya kukosha munyika dzekuEurope uko michina yekuwachisa ichiri kushanda kwenguva refu.
Munyaya yeEurope, chirongwa ichi chinoenderana nemitemo yakanangana nekuderedza mapurasitiki nekusimudzira hupfumi hwakatenderera. Nyika dzakadai se France Vakatotora matanho ekuda mafirita ekudzivirira kusvibiswa mumichina mitsva yekuwachisa, izvo zvinovhura mukana wekuti matekinoroji ebiomimetic akadai seaya ave mwero wekutonga mumakore anotevera.
Kana European Union ikazopedzisira yasimudzira mitemo yakafananaVagadziri vanoshanda mumusika weSpain nedzimwe nyika vanogona kumanikidzwa kugadzirisa magadzirirwo avo. Sefa inoshanda zvakanaka, isingadhuri, uye iri nyore kugadzirisa ine mukana wakasimba wekuva sarudzo inofarirwa muchikamu ichi.
Kupfuura mitemo, kugamuchirwa kwevanhu kuchave chinhu chakakosha. Chokwadi chekuti hurongwa uhwu hwakavharirwa uye hahukanganisi kushanda kwekugeza uye kungoda kupindira kuri nyore uye kunopa mukana wekuti zviitwe nevatengi vari kuratidza kunetseka zvishoma nezvishoma nezvekuvapo kwepurasitiki diki munharaunda.
Kukanganiswa kwezvakatipoteredza nebasa remutengi
Kana rudzi urwu rwesefa rukapararira, mhedzisiro yacho inogona kuve yakakosha. Nekubata mafiber zvakananga mumudziyo, mutoro uri pamafiber unoderedza. nzvimbo dzekuchenesa mvura yakasviba mumagutaizvo kazhinji hazvigadzirwe kubata huwandu hwakawanda hwezvimedu zvidiki zvakadaro.
Kuderedza microplastics mumvura yakasviba kunoreva kuti fibers shoma dziri mumvura yakasviba dongo rinoshandiswa semupfudzeKusvibiswa kushoma muvhu rekurima uye, munguva yepakati, kuvapo kushoma kwemapurasitiki munzizi, matsime emvura uye nharaunda dzegungwa, uko zvidimbu zvakatoonekwa mumadhaka nezvisikwa.
Maitiro aya anogona kushanda senzira yekuchinja ukuwo indasitiri yemachira ichifambira mberi machira haanyanyi kutsamira papurasitiki kana kuti inodzivirira kukweshwa panguva yekuwacha. Parizvino, chokwadi ndechekuti mbatya dzakawanda dzemitambo, mbatya dzekunze, uye zvigadzirwa zvakachipa zvichiri kugadzirwa neshinda dzekugadzira.
Saka, sefa yebiomimetic inobatanidzwa nedzimwe nzira: mapurogiramu e eco-dhizaini yemidziyo yemumbaMishandirapamwe yekuwacha mbatya nezvirongwa zvakapfava, mambure ekuwacha chaiwo, kana kukwidziridzwa kwemachira asina kudzima faibha yakawanda.
Kubva pamaonero evanhu, kuva nemhinduro yakabatanidzwa mumuchina wekuwachisa pachako kunoderedza kudiwa kwekuti mushandisi achinje zvakanyanya maitiro ake ezuva nezuva. Kunyangwe zvakadaro, kutevera nhungamiro dzakadai se Dzivisa kushambidza zvisina kufanira, shandisa zvinhu zvinotonhora uye zvinhu zvakawanda zvinorema Inogona kuwedzera kushanda kwefirita uye kuderedza kuburitswa kwe microplastics.
Chikumbiro chakabva kuYunivhesiti yeBonn chinoratidza kuti dhizaini yakafuridzirwa zvakananga nezvisikwa inogona sei kubatsira mhinduro iri nyore kudambudziko rakaomaChikamu chidiki, chakavakirwa pamaitiro ehove dzesardine, chinogona kuva chinhu chakakosha mukuedza kweEurope kuderedza kusvibiswa kwepurasitiki uye kuita kuti chimwe chinhu chive chinhu chezuva nezuva sekusuka mbatya kunokanganisa nharaunda zvishoma.
