El Salmon yekuChile Yave imwe yemapuroteni emhuka anowanikwa zvakanyanya mumasherufu ezvitoro muSpain nedzimwe nzvimbo dzeEurope, uko inowanikwa zvakanyanya muchimiro chezvimedu zvitsva kana zvakaomeswa nechando zvakagadzirira kudyiwa. Zvisinei, shure kwechigadzirwa ichi chinoonekwa, kune network yakaoma ye Kuvandudzwa kwehunyanzvi hwezvinhu zvipenyu, huwandu hwakawanda hwezvinhu zvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika, uye gakava guru rezvakatipoteredza nerevashandi izvo zviri kutanga kunetseka zvakanyanya nevatengi, vatongi, nemasangano akazvimirira.
Ndiri mumisika yakaita se European Union Kunyange hazvo kuchine kudiwa kukuru kwehove dzine hutano uye dzinodhura zvishoma, zvidzidzo zvakasiyana-siyana neuchapupu kubva kuChile zvakatarisa kune rimwe divi rehove: mamiriro ekugadzirwa kwesalmon yekuChile, kukanganisa kwekushandiswa zvakanyanya kwezviwanikwa zvemugungwa zvakaitirwa chikafu chavo uye mari inoshandiswa nevanhu munharaunda dziri kumahombekombe nedzemuno dziri kumaodzanyemba kwekondinendi yeAmerica.
Chile, muzinda une simba wesalmon: zvinhu zvakawanda zvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika kuEurope
Mumakore makumi matatu chete, Chile yabva pakuva nyika isina simba rakawanda kusvika pakuva nyika yechipiri pakukura kwekurima salmon pasi rose.yechipiri kubva kuNorway. Kubva kuma1990, kukura kwacho kwave kusingamisiki: kugadzirwa kwakawedzera neinenge 3.000%, nekukohwa kwakawanda. de peces iyo, kubva muna Mbudzi 2025, yakadarika mamiriyoni ematani, zvichienderana neruzivo rwepamutemo kubva kubazi rekubata hove rekuChile.
Pavhoriyamu iyoyo, salmon yeAtlantic inonyanya kutarisisa ruzhinji: kutenderedza 740.000 toni yakaunganidzwa kwemwedzi gumi nerimwe, yakaenzana nehafu yehuwandu hwese hwekurima hove munyika. Izvi zvinoteverwa ne Salmon yePacific (coho)ine matani anopfuura 235.000 uye kukura kwegore negore kunodarika 26%, ukuwo murarabungu trout Yakaderedzwa uye nhasi uno inomiririra chikamu chidiki chehuwandu hwese.
Yakawanda yesalmon iyi yekuChile inotengeswa nemakambani ane simba guru. United States ndiyo imwe yevatengi vakuruAsi Europe inoramba iine vanhu vakawanda, ichienda kunyika dzakadai se Spain, France, Germany kana Italyuko salmon yava chinhu chikuru mubhasikiti rekutenga. Kune vatengi vekuEurope, kwayakabva kuChile kazhinji hakuonekwi kunze kwekunge yataurwa zvishoma pane label.
Nzvimbo dzeChile dze Los Lagos neAysén Vanoisa goho guru muPatagonia, vachiisa Patagonia senzvimbo inobereka goho guru uye vachiratidza kuti Kurima sarimoni muPuerto MonttKunyatsosarudza nzvimbo uku kunoita kuti indasitiri iyi izviratidze senzira yekusimudzira nharaunda, asi zvinorevawo kuti mari yezvakatipoteredza neyemagariro evanhu nyanya munzvimbo dzisina simba rezvematongerwo enyika richipesana nemakambani makuru anotumira zvinhu kunze kwenyika.
Mamiriro ekushanda nenjodzi muChilean Patagonia
Nyaya yekubudirira kwekutengesera kunze kwenyika Salmon yekuChile Izvi zvinopesana zvakanyanya nenyaya dzinobva kumafjords ekumaodzanyemba uye mumigwagwa. Munharaunda dzakadai se MaullÃn kana kuti Puerto NatalesKuwana mabasa mumapurazi ehove nemafekitori ekugadzirisa hove kwave kuri iko kwega nzira yekushandira, asi pasi pemamiriro ezvinhu akatsanangurwa nemasangano evashandi vehove se ine njodzi huru.
Mumakore achangopfuura, mishumo yakasiyana-siyana yakaratidza kuti Indasitiri yesalmon yekuChile ine huwandu hwakanyanya hwetsaona dzebasa mubazi rezvekurima gungwa pasi rose.Pakati pa2013 na2025, vanhu vanodarika makumi masere vakafa nekuda kwemabasa ehove dzesalmon, nhamba iyi yakasiyana nedata rekuNorway, uko kwave nerufu rushoma kwazvo rwakashumwa kwemakumi emakore.
ari nyanzvi yekushambira mumvuraIzvo zvakakosha pakugadzirisa pasi pemvura ndezvimwe zvezvikwata zvinonyanya kuomerwa. Uchapupu hwakaunganidzwa muPatagonia hunotsanangura mabasa marefu, nzira dzekuchengetedza dzisingatevedzwe nguva dzose, uye kumanikidzwa kuchengetedza kugadzirwa kunyangwe mumamiriro ekunze asina kunaka. Hama dzevashandi vakafa dzinoti, dzimwe nguva, Injini dzezvikepe dzakaramba dzichishanda. pazvinofanira kumiswa semutemo wekuchengetedza.
Kuwedzera kune izvi ndiko kuoma kwekutarisa zvinobudirira network yenzvimbo dzekurima dzakapararira munzvimbo dziri dzoga. Vaongorori vevashandi vekuChile vakabvuma kuti zvikwata zvidiki zvisina nzira dzavo dzekufambisa mugungwa kana mundegeIzvi zvinoshandura mafambiro ekushanyira nzvimbo dziri kure nguva nenguva. Kune vatengi vekuEurope, kusaenzana uku mukutarisa kunoita kuti pave nemubvunzo wekuti salmon yakachengeteka uye ine mutoro inoratidzwa mukushambadzira.
Kukanganiswa kwezvakatipoteredza: mishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya, marara uye nzizi dzakasvibiswa
Kunze kwemamiriro ekushanda, kuchengetedza nharaunda Salmon yekuChile Yave ichiongororwa nevasayendisiti nemasangano ezvakatipoteredza mukati nekunze kwenyika. Chimwe chezvinhu zvinokakavadzana zvikuru ndechekuti kushandiswa kwakanyanya kwemishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya kudzora zvirwere munzvimbo dzekudyira zvipfuwo.
Muna 2024 chete, mabasa ekurima salmon ekuChile akashandisa zvinopfuura 350 matani emishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriyahuwandu hwakanyanya kupfuura hunoshandiswa neNorway nevamwe vagadziri muNorthern Hemisphere. Ongororo dzakataurwa nenyanzvi dzinofungidzira kuti pakati pe70% ne80% yezvigadzirwa izvi zvinogona kuguma zvapinda mugungwa, zvichigadzira kuramba utachiona uye kuchinja kwehutachiona hwezvinhu zvipenyuMamiriro ezvinhu aya anotariswa nekutya kubva kuEurope, uko kuderedza mishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya muzvipfuyo nekupfuya maruva kwave chinhu chinonyanya kukosheswa nemutemo.
Kusvibiswa hakungogumiri pakushandiswa kwemishonga chete. Kuburitswa kwemakeji epurazi tsvina, zvimedu zvekudya, uye makemikari dzinogara pasi pegungwa kana kuti dzinoparadzirwa nemvura. Vabati vehove vekumaodzanyemba kweChile vanotsanangura kuti mhando dzemhuka dzechinyakare dzakadai sehove dzemugungwa kana kuti hove dzemugungwa dzave kushomeka sei pedyo nenzvimbo dzinoshandiswa pakurima salmon, zvichiwedzera kurasikirwa nehupenyu hwevanhu veko.
Mhedzisiro yacho inosvikawo ku freshwater ecosystemsuko kune mapurazi ehove nenzvimbo dzekuberekesa hove. Nharaunda dzeMapuche munzvimbo dzakadai seLa AraucanÃa neLos RÃos dziri kushora shanduko huru munzizi dzakachena kare, nezvikamu zviri kuva yakatsvuka uye yakakora uye zviitiko zvekufa kwezvipfuyo zvinokonzerwa nekushandiswa kwezvinhu zvakaita se formalin, chigadzirwa chinoshandiswa kudzora tupukanana mukurima de peces.
Vamwe vagari vanotaura kuti, mushure mekuvharwa kwenguva pfupi kwemapurazi esalmon nedare kana nemutemo wehurumende, Mhuka dzemusango dzemurwizi neshiri zvakatanga kudzoka kunzira dzemvura dzakakanganiswa. Uchapupu uhwu hunosimbisa pfungwa yekuti chiitiko ichi, sezvachakarongwa parizvino, chinopa kumanikidzwa kukuru panharaunda dzinoonekwa sedzine kukosha kwakakwirira kwezvakatipoteredza netsika, zvakaita sePatagonia nenzvimbo dzemuno.
Mutengo wakavanzika wekudya kwemhuka: de peces kubva kumhuka dzesango kusvika kune nyama dzemhando yepamusoro dzinotengeswa kunze kwenyika
Chimwe chinhu chakakosha pakunzwisisa gakava pamusoro pe Salmon yekuChile Zvine chekuita nezvausingaone mumakeji: mavambo ezvinoshandiswa muchikafu chinopihwa hove. Kusiyana nedzimwe nzira dzekurima hove dzakavakirwa pahove dzemugungwa kana algae, salmon imhuka inodya hove. mhando dzinodya nyama izvo zvinoda kudya kwakapfuma mumapuroteni emhando yepamusoro uye mafuta.
Masayendisiti ezvegungwa anonyanya kugadzira hove diki dzemugungwa dzinonzi pelagic anotsanangura kuti, kunyangwe kugadzirwa kwechikafu kwakabatanidza zvimwe zvikamu zvemiti, paavhareji, kuchine, paavhareji, inenge 10% kusvika 12% yehupfu hwehove uye inenge 10% yemafuta ehoveIzvi zvinowanikwa kubva de peces mhuka dzesango dzakabatwa munzvimbo dzakasiyana dzepasi.
Kuverengera kubva muzvidzidzo zvinoverengeka zvapfuura kunoratidza kuti Kugadzira kilogiramu imwe chete yesalmon inorimwa kunoda makirogiramu mana. de peces musango zvinogadzirwa kuita hupfu hwehove nemafuta ehove. Kuti uwane kilogiramu imwe chete yehupfu hwehove, panodiwa makirogiramu mana kusvika matanhatu ehove, uye kana iri mafuta ehove, nhamba dzacho dzinogona kunge dzakatokura, zvichienderana nemamiriro ekunze uye zvipenyu.
Muenzaniso uyu une zvazvinoreva zvinopfuura mahombekombe eChile. Mhando zhinji dzinoshandiswa mukugadzira hupfu hwehove nemafuta ehove—dzakadai se anchovy, sardine kana mamwe mackerel emabhiza— ndiwo hwaro hwekuwanikwa kwechikafu uye hupfumi munyika dzekumadokero kweAfrica nedzimwe nzvimbo dzisina kusimba. Masangano akaita seOceana anoyambira kuti kutsaudzira zviwanikwa izvi kuenda kukurima hove kwakasimba kunoitirwa misika yakapfuma Zvinowedzera kuwedzera kwekusagadzikana kwechikafu munharaunda umo hove dziri sosi inokosha yemapuroteni anodhura.
Kubva pamaonero ezvakatipoteredza, zvimwe zvidzidzo zvinoratidza kuti kana mapoka ese ehove diki dzemugungwa dzaitarisirwa nenzira inochengetedza uye mhedzisiro yekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze padziri ikatariswa, Kugadzirwa kwesalmon pasi rose kunofanira kuderedzwa pachinzvimbo chekuramba ichikura kuitira kudzivirira kuramba ichinetsa nharaunda dzegungwa. Ongororo iyi inopesana nefungidziro dzeindasitiri, idzo dzinoramba dzichitsigira kuwedzera kuri kuramba kuchienderera mberi kuti zvigutse kudiwa muEurope, North America, neAsia.
Kugadzira zvinhu zvitsva: kubva kumarara esalmon ekuChile kuenda kukamuri rekuvhiyira
Pakati penyaya iyi ine gakava, mapurojekiti ari kubudawo kubva kuChile anoedza kuwedzera kukosha kune zvigadzirwa zvesalmon ine nzira yehupfumi hwakatenderera uye ine zvekushandisa tekinoroji yakakwira. Chimwe chezviitiko zvinonyanya kushamisa ndechekuti Salmoss Biotech, kambani itsva yakagadzira zvigadziko zvemapfupa nemazino zvakagadzirwa nemapfupa esalmon, kunyanya kubva kumusana wehove.
Hwaro hwekuvandudzwa uku huri mu hydroxyapatitechicherwa chinoumba chikamu chikuru chechimiro chemapfupa nemazino evanhu. Chikwata chaSalmoss chakakwanisa kupatsanura nekugadzirisa chikamu ichi kubva mumasara emapfupa esalmon yeChile kuti chiwane zvinhu zvipenyu zvakasanganiswa necollagen ine chiyero cheinenge 70% calcium uye 30% collagen, yakafanana neyemapfupa emunhu.
Maitiro acho anosanganisira matanho ekuchenesa, kuomesa, kupwanya, uye calcin musana, usati wasanganisa ne collagen uye woisa chigadzirwa chekupedzisira paganda. kucheneswa kwegamma rayMugumisiro wacho unotengeswa muchimiro chegranulated icho, kana chanyoroveswa, chinowana glue inokwanisika yekuvhiyiwa kwemapfupa, kunyanya mumunda wemazino.
Kuedzwa kwe in vitro ne in vivo, kusanganisira zvidzidzo zvakaitwa kumayunivhesiti eChile, zvinoratidza kuti pane zvakanaka. kugona kuenderana kwezvinhu zvipenyu uye kubatanidza yechinhu ichi, zvichiratidza kuti zvidimbu zvacho zvaizotorwa zvachose mushure memwedzi mishoma. Kunyangwe humbowo hwekiriniki huchiri kukura, mhedzisiro yekutanga yakabvumira kuti zvinhu zvipenyu zvishandiswe mu kupindira kwakawanda uye kuti kambani inotanga kugadzirira magwaro evatongi vepasi rose.
Kune Europe neSpain, uko kune mukana wekuwana magirafu emapfupa akachengeteka uye anoteverwa Chinhu chinonyanya kukosha mukuvhiyiwa kwemazino nemaziso, uye rudzi urwu rwemushonga runovhura mukana, munguva pfupi iri kutevera, wezvigadzirwa zvehutano zvinobva muzvigadzirwa zvesalmon zvekuChile. Salmoss Biotech iri kutoshanda pakuwedzera huwandu hwayo hwezvigadzirwa ne mafomati emvura, mabhonzo emapfupa, masiponji ehemostatic, uye kunyange inki dzebio dzekudhinda mu3D yezvikamu zvakagadzirwa, uye iri kugadzirira kuiswa kwayo mumisika mitsva muAmerica uye, gare gare, muUnited States nedzimwe nzvimbo dzinotongwa.
Hupfumi hwakatenderera uye mushonga wekuvandudza: kushandiswa kutsva kwesalmon yekuChile
Nyaya yeSalmoss Biotech inoratidza kuti indasitiri inowanzobatanidzwa nekutengesa chikafu kunze kwenyika inogona sei kuva pokutangira mhinduro dzakawedzerwa kukosha mukurapa kwekuvandudzaKusiyana nemombe, nguruve kana vanhu, kushandiswa kwemapfupa esalmon kunotibvumira kukunda zvimwe zvezvipingamupinyi zvetsika, zvechitendero uye zvemitemo zviripo munyika dzakasiyana.
Chirongwa ichi chakatsigirwa nemasangano ehurumende ekuChile uye chakapfuura nezvirongwa zvekukurumidzisa zvepasi rose, zvakaita sezviya zvakabatana ne Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)Izvi zvakavabvumira kubatana nemakambani ekutsvagisa pamwe nevanogona kushanda pamwe chete mumaindasitiri kunze kweLatin America. Chimwe chezvinangwa zvavo kuwana zvitupa nemapatendi zvinovabatsira kupinda mu [misika isina kutaurwa]. misika inoda mari yakawanda yakaita seEU kana United States, uko michina yekurapa inoongororwa zvakasimba.
Kubva pamaonero ehupfumi hwakatenderera, tekinoroji iyi yebhayoloji inoshandura marara kubva muchikamu chekutengesa. Salmon yekuChile —mapfupa ehove anowanzo rasirwa— mune imwe zvinhu zvekurapa zvehupenyu inokwanisa kubatsira mukuvandudza mapfupa evanhu. Mumamiriro ezvinhu apo nzira yekurima salmon iri kupokana nekuenderera mberi kwehupenyu, zvirongwa zvakaita seizvi zvine chinangwa chekuratidza kuti zvinogoneka. bvisa kukosha kwakawanda kubva pahove imwe neimwe uye kuderedza huwandu hwemarara, chero bedzi maitiro acho achienderana nezvinodiwa nezvakatipoteredza uye hutano.
Kuzvipatara nemakiriniki ekuEurope, kunyanya mukurapa mazino nekurapa vanhu vane dambudziko repfungwa, kuwanikwa kwemishonga yesalmon-based bone grafts mune ramangwana kunomutsa mibvunzo nemikana: kune rumwe rutivi, zvinogona wedzera huwandu hwedzimwe nzira dzinoenderana nehupenyuKune rumwe rutivi, zvinotimanikidza kufunga nezvekuteverwa uye kwakabva zviwanikwa zvemugungwa zvinozopedzisira zvashandurwa kuita zvigadzirwa zvehutano.
Kufambira mberi kwetekinoroji iyi kunomutsawo gakava guru pamusoro pekuti Kugadzirisa indasitiri yesalmon yekuChile kuenderera mberi nekutarisa kune zvakakosha zvisingatsamiri pahuwandu hwezvinhu asi zvakanyanya kutarisa pakugadzira zvinhu zvitsva uye kushandiswa kwakazara kwechiwanikwa, chimwe chinhu, munguva yepakati, chinogona kukanganisa maonero anoita vatengi vekuEurope nezvechigadzirwa ichi.
Salmon yekuChile inotarisana nevatengi vakawanda vekuEurope
MuSpain nekune dzimwe nyika dzeEurope Salmon inobva kuChile Inokwikwidzana nedoro rekuNorway uye, zvishoma, nezvinogadzirwa zvemuno nekunze kwenyika. Mutengo uchiri chinhu chakakosha kumhuri zhinji, asi pane mafambiro ari kukura ekuita kuti doro riwedzere. mazita ekwakabva, zvitupa zvezvakatipoteredza uye kugara zvakanaka kwemhuka sezvinhu zvinopesvedzera chisarudzo chekutenga.
Kuburitswa kwetsvagurudzo pamusoro petsaona dzebasa, kushandiswa kwakanyanya kwemishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya, kana kushandiswa de peces Kurima salmon yemusango kuti ipe chikafu chemhuka kunoita kuti pave nemibvunzo pamusoro penyaya yekutengeserana iyo salmon yave ichishandiswa seshiri. sarudzo ine hutano uye inoendereraMasangano eNGO nemasayendisiti vanokurudzira kuti zvinhu izvi zvibatanidzwe muhurukuro pamusoro pe mitemo yekupinza zvinhu munyika uye masisitimu ekunyora mazita muEuropean Union, kuitira kuti veruzhinji vagone kuongorora kwete chete mamiriro ezvekudya, asiwo kukanganisa magariro evanhu nezvakatipoteredza kwezvavanoisa mundiro yavo.
Kune indasitiri yeChile, kuchengetedza kana kuwedzera kuvapo kwayo muEurope zvinoenderana nekusimbiswa pachena, kurongeka kwekutevera uye mitemo yezvakatipoteredzazvinoenderana nezvinodiwa nemutemo weEU. Izvi zvinosanganisira nyaya dzakadai sekuderedza kushandiswa kwemishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya, kuchengetedza nzvimbo dzegungwa dzine njodzi, uye kutarisira marara nezvinobuda. de peces, uye vimbiso yemamiriro ekushanda akachengeteka mukati meketani yese yekugovera.
Panguva imwe chete, mapurojekiti ane kukosha kwakanyanya akadai se mapfupa akaiswa kubva kumapfupa esalmon Zvitsva izvi zvinogona kubatsira pakugadzirisa mufananidzo wesalmon yekuChile, chero bedzi zvichiperekedzwa nekuchinja kwemaumbirwo emhando yekugadzira. Zvikasadaro, pane njodzi yekuti hunyanzvi hwezvekurapa huchashanda pamwe chete tsika dzekurima hove dzinopokana zvikuru, chimwe chinhu icho vatengi vekuEurope vari kuramba vachichishivirira.
Muchiitiko ichi, ramangwana re Salmon yekuChile muSpain neEurope Zvichaenderana nekuti kusawirirana uku pakati pekukwikwidzana kwemitengo, kuchengetedzeka kwechikafu, mutoro wevanhu uye zvitupa zvezvakatipoteredza zvinogadziriswa sei, mumamiriro ezvinhu epasi rose apo kudiwa kwehove kuri kuramba kuchikura panguva imwe chete apo zviwanikwa zvemugungwa zvichiratidza zviratidzo zvakajeka zvekushomeka.
Rwendo rwesalmon yekuChile kubva kumafjord ePatagonian kuenda kumatafura ekuEurope runoratidza chikamu chinosanganisa huwandu hwezvigadzirwa zvakawandisa, mipiro yakakosha kuhupfumi, uye kufambira mberi kunoshamisa mu biotechnology yekurapa nemhedzisiro yemagariro evanhu uye yezvakatipoteredza isingachaonekwi. Pakati pezvinhu zvitsva zvakaita sekushandiswa kwemapfupa uye zviziviso nezvemishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya, hove dzekudya, uye njodzi dzebasa, dambudziko remakore gumi anotevera richava rekuona kana indasitiri iyi ichikwanisa gadzirisa zvinodiwa kuti zvinhu zvirambe zviripo uye zvive pachena izvo zvinounganidzwa nevatongi nevatengi muSpain, Europe nedzimwe nyika.