La Muraraungu Rainbow, nesainzi inozivikanwa se Oncorhynchus mykiss, ndeimwe yemhando de peces zvakanyanya kunakidza uye kuongwa munyika nokuda kweruvara rwayo runopenya, kukosha kwayo sechikafu uye basa rayo guru mukuredza kwemitambo. Pakutanga kubva kumadokero kwe North America, trout iyi yakaunzwa munyika dzakawanda, ikava mhando yezvose zviri zviviri zvezvakatipoteredza uye zvekutengesa. Muchinyorwa chino, isu tichaongorora zvakadzama maitiro ese akakodzera emuraraungu trout, kubva kuchimiro chayo kusvika kwaanogara, kudya uye kubereka, zvichibva paruzivo rwakasiyana uye rwakawedzerwa nedata kubva kune akati wandei. zvitubu kuzivikanwa.
General Hunhu hweRainbow Trout
Muraraungu trout ndeyemhuri Salmonidae uye inogovera zvakawanda zvakafanana nesaumoni. Chinhu chayo chinonyanya kusiyanisa ruvara rwayo runoshamisa, rwunosiyana zvichienderana nezvinhu zvakaita sekugara, zera uye mwaka wekubereka. Iyo ine muviri wakareba uye wakamisikidzwa padivi, wakanakira kushambira nekumhanya kukuru munzizi nemumadziva ane mvura yakachena.
Hurefu hwepakati hwemurarabungu trout hunobva pa 50 uye 76 masentimita, kunyange zvazvo mimwe mienzaniso inogona kusvika kusvika mamita 1,20. Huremu hwayo hunenge hwakapoteredza 3,6 kilograms, asi zvienzaniso zvinopfuura XNUMX kilograms zvakare zvakanyorwa. 24 kilos. Nezve hupenyu hwayo hunotarisirwa, mhuka iyi inorarama makore 4 kusvika ku6 mumamiriro ezvinhu echisikigo, kunyange zvazvo vamwe vanhu vanogona kusvika makore gumi nerimwe munzvimbo dzakadzorwa.
Dumbu remuraraungu trout rinowanzo chena, uye chikamu chayo chemushure chinogona kubva pakati pemimvuri yegirinhi yebhuruu, yegirini yero kana yebrown, zvichienderana nenzvimbo yayo. Chinonyanya kukosha ndechepingi kana mutsara mutsvuku unomhanya kureba kumativi ese emuviri wayo, uchiperekedzwa nemadonhwe matema akagoverwa kumusana uye zvimbi.
Kugovera uye pekugara
Murarabungu trout inowanikwa ku nzizi nemadziva eNorth America, kunyanya kubva kuRocky Mountain region. Nekuda kwekugona kwayo kujairana nenzvimbo dzakasiyana dzemumvura, mhuka iyi yakaunzwa zvakabudirira kumakondinendi ese kunze kweAntarctica. Parizvino, inowanikwa mumvura yakachena uye yemunyu yenyika dzakadai seChile, Argentina, Spain neJapan, pakati pevamwe.
Inofarira kugara mukati nzizi, madziva nehova nemvura inotonhora, yakajeka uye ine okisijeni zvakanaka. Mamiriro aya anonyanya kuitika munzvimbo dzine makomo. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, muraraungu trout inotama ichienda kugungwa, uko inova nechimiro cheruvara rwesirivha. Aya marudzi anotama, anozivikanwa se steelhead trout, kudzokera kumvura yakachena kuti ibereke, yakafanana nemaitiro esalmon.
Zvokudya
Kudya kwemuraraungu trout ndiko kunyanya anodya. Inodya zvipembenene, crustaceans, mollusks nehove duku, pamwe chete nemhou nemazai emamwe marudzi. Munguva yechirimo nechirimo, trout inowanzobata zvipembenene zviri kubhururuka pamusoro pemvura. Muchikamu chavo chepwere, idzi trout dzinodyawo zooplankton.
Iyi maitiro ekudyisa anosiyana zvishoma zvichienderana nekwaanogara. Somuenzaniso, mumadziva nenzizi dzine makomo marefu, muraraungu unotsamira pazvisikwa zvomumvura.
Kuberekwa uye Hupenyu Hwendo
Kuberekwa kwerainbow trout chiitiko chegore negore (nenguva) inowanzoitika pakati pemwedzi waMbudzi naKukadzi, zvichienderana nemamiriro ekunze uye tembiricha yemvura. Trout inosvika pakukura kwepabonde pakati pemakore maviri ne2 ezera. Munguva yekuberekesa, vanhurume vanokura zviri pachena pabonde dimorphism, kuva hombe uye kuratidza kuchinja kwavo morphology, akadai zvikuru akakurumbira rezasi rushaya.
Kuberekesa kunoitika mumibhedha yematombo, apo hadzi inochera a dendere vachishandisa zvimbi zvavo kuisa mazai. Mukono unozoberekesa mazai kunze. Mukadzi wega wega anogona kukandira mazai ari pakati pe200 ne8.000. Kukura kwemazai kunoenderana nekupisa kwemvura, kuve kwakaringana pakati pe8 ne12 ºC. Fry yacho inochochonya pakati pemazuva gumi nemapfumbamwe ne19 mushure mekusangana, panguva iyo inodya pajoki sac kwemavhiki mashoma ekutanga.
Kukosha Kwehupfumi uye Ecological
Kufarirwa kwakanyanya murainbow trout kunokonzerwa nekukosha kwayo mukuredza kwemitambo uye nenyama yayo, yakapfuma mu omega-3 uye inokosheswa zvikuru mugastronomy. Nyama yavo inogona kuva chena, pink, orenji kana kunyange rima rakatsvuka, zvichienderana nekudya kwavo uye pekugara. Inotengeswa yakatsva, inopfungaira, yakaomeswa nechando kana mugaba.
Munhandare yemitambo, mhando iyi ndeimwe yevanofarirwa nevabati vehove nekuda kwehunhu hwayo hwekurwa uye kugona kwayo kupa chiitiko chakaoma chekubata hove.
Environmental Impact uye Invasive Species
Nekudaro, murarabungu trout inogona zvakare kuve dambudziko rezvakatipoteredza nekuda kwechimiro chavo se Mhando dzinopenga. Kana yaunzwa kune dzimwe nzvimbo dziri kunze kwenzvimbo yainogara, inogona kukwikwidzana nemarudzi eko, kuchinja magariro ezvipenyu uye kutapurira zvirwere. Mune mamwe matunhu, akadai seSpain, iyi trout inosanganisirwa mune Spanish Catalog yeInvasive Alien Mhando, ichirambidza kuiswa kwayo munzvimbo yakasikwa.
Zvisinei neizvi, kurimwa kwayo kunodzorwa munzvimbo dzemumvura kunoita kuti zvikwanise kudzikisira zvinokanganisa uku uchitora mukana wehupfumi hwayo.
Rainbow trout, pasina kupokana, mhuka inonakidza inosanganisa inoyevedza yekuona kukwezva neinocherekedza hupfumi uye ecological kukosha. Kutarisira kwayo kunofanirwa kuitwa zvine hungwaru kudzivirira kukanganisa kwakaipa pane ecosystem yenzvimbo.