Mvura inobuda mupombi inoita seyakachena, asi shure kwayo kune dambudziko riri kukura rekusvibiswa kwemumba nemumaindasitiri izvo zvinova zvakaoma kudzora gore rega rega. Pakati pemvura inoyerera mumaguta, migodhi, kurima zvakanyanya, makemikari epetrochemical, uye kugadzirwa kwechikafu, mvura yakasviba inotakura musanganiswa usingadiwi wesimbi dzinorema, zvinovaka muviri zvakawandisa, mishonga ine chepfu, uye zvinhu zvinosvibisa zvakaita semishonga nemishonga yezvipembenene.
Musanganiswa uyu unoshandura nzizi dzakawanda, madhamu, uye matsime emvura kuita zvinwiwa zvemakemikari zvechokwadi uko mvura Inorega kunwa mvura, haina kukodzera kudiridza zvakachengeteka, uye inokuvadza zvakanyanya nharaunda dzemumvura.Mumamiriro ezvinhu aya, boka revatsigiri vadiki vari kuwana mukurumbira mumarabhoritari uye, zviri kuwedzera, mumapurojekiti chaiwo ekuedza: ma microalgae, zvinodya tsvina uye zvinogadzira zviwanikwa zvakakosha.
Chii chinonzi microalgae uye nei ichinyanya kukosha pakuchenesa mvura?
Madhaka madiki ari zvisikwa zvephotosynthetic zvine sero rimwe chete zvinogara munzvimbo dzemvuraDzinowanikwa mumvura yakachena neine munyu, uye kunyange mumvura ine tsvina ine mamiriro akaoma. Kufanana nemiti, dzinoshandisa chiedza neCO2.2 kukura, asi vanoita izvi nekukurumidza uye nekushanda zvakanaka kwazvo kwekugadzira photosynthesis.
Kubva pakuona kwekurapa mvura, chinoita kuti dzive dzakakosha zvikuru kugona kwadzo inobata zvinovaka muviri zvakaita senitrogen nephosphorus, inonwisa simbi dzinorema uye inochengetedza makemikari ane chepfu.Zvizhinji zvezvinosvibisa izvi zvinova chikamu chebiomass yazvo kana kuti zvinogara pamusoro pemasero azvo, zvichizvibvumira kubviswa mumvura kuburikidza nenzira dziri nyore dzekukohwa.
Uyezve, sezvo microalgae ichikura Vanodya kabhoni dhayiokisijeni uye vanoburitsa okisijeniIzvi zvinobatsira zvikuru mukuchenesa nekuti zvinosimudzira oxidation yezvinhu zvipenyu uye zvinobatsira kudzivirira episodes ye eutrophication munzizi, matangi emvura, uye madhamu.
Kukura kwavo nekukurumidza uye kugona kwavo kubudirira mumamiriro ezvinhu akaoma zvinoreva kuti, kana vakatarisirwa zvakanaka, vanogona kubatanidzwa muzvirongwa zve kugadzirisa zvinhu zvipenyu uye kugadzira zvinhu zvipenyu uko chinangwa hachisi chekubvisa tsvina chete, asiwo kushandura dambudziko iri kuita mukana wehupfumi.
Simbi dzinorema dzinobva mumigodhi: dambudziko riri kusangana nevaongorori
Imwe yenzvimbo dzakaoma zvikuru dzekusvibisa ndeye mvura yakasviba inobva mumigodhi nemamwe maindasitiri esimbiNzizi idzi dzinowanzo kuve nehuwandu hunotyisa hwe cadmium, copper, lead, nedzimwe simbi dzinorema dzinonyungudika mumvura dzofamba nemunzizi nemumatsime emvura.
Munzvimbo dzine tsika yakasimba yekuchera migodhi, dzakadai senzvimbo dzakapoteredza Rwizi rwaTinto mudunhu reHuelvaDambudziko guru rezvakatipoteredza rave richiungana kwemakumi emakore: mvura ine simbi yakawanda isingakwanise kushandiswazve pakudiridza uye iyo, kana ikasagadziriswa zvakanaka, inozopedzisira yakanganisa ivhu, mhuka dzesango, uye hutano hwevanhu. Mamiriro akafanana ari kubuda mu northern sweden, uko kwakawanikwa nzvimbo yakakura kwazvo yevhu risingawanzoonekwi muEurope, zvichikonzera kuwedzera kwenjodzi yekudururwa kwemvura inokonzerwa nekubviswa kwevhu.
Kuti vapindure dambudziko iri, zvikwata kubva University of Huelva and of the Yunivhesiti yeUmeå (Sweden) Vakagadzira masisitimu akavakirwa pa microalgae anokwanisa kubata nekuchengetedza simbi idzi dzinorema, kunyangwe dzichiita sedzakasanganiswa, izvo zvinoitika muhupenyu chaihwo kwete mukuyedza mabhuku.
Miedzo yekutanga yakaratidza kuti mamwe marudzi e microalgae, kunyanya erudzi rwe ChlorellaVaigona kubvisa cadmium kana mhangura zvinobudirira zvikuru kana vakaiswa munzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana. Asi dambudziko raive rekuita rimwe danho uye kuita kuti maitiro aya ashande. nemusanganiswa wakaoma wesimbi, kutevedzera mamiriro ezvinhu akafanana neaya anowanikwa mumatsvina chaiwo emumigodhi.
Mafirimu e microalgae nema polymers: sefa yechisikigo inoshandisa marara
Chinhu chikuru chekufambira mberi kwezvikwata zvevatsvagurudzi ava chave chiri mukubatanidza microalgae ine zvinhu zvepolymeric zvinowanikwa kubva mumarara emaindasitiriPane kushandisa zvinhu zvinodhura kana mishonga inoshandiswa kamwe chete, vakasarudza kugadzira chinhu chakagadzirwa nesarufa yakasara nemafuta ekubikisa akamboshandiswa, zvinhu zviviri zvinowanzoraswa.
Kana microalgae ikasangana nechinhu ichi chepolymeric, biofilm umo masero anonamatira zvakasimba pamusoro pechitsigiroFirimu iri rinogadzira sefa yechisikigo inobata cadmium, mhangura, uye lead, zvichiwedzera zvakanyanya kubatana kwemvura yakasviba, microalgae, uye polymer.
Mhedzisiro yakaburitswa mumagazini yakasarudzika Green Chemistry Zvinoratidza kuti, mushure memaawa masere ekurapwa, sisitimu inokwanisa bvisai inenge 95% ye cadmium nemhangura, uye inopfuura hafu ye lead dziri mumvura, dzichitoshanda nehuwandu hwakanyanya (hunosvika 8-10 milligrams pa litre).
Miedzo iyi yakatarisana zvakanyanya ne microalgae Chlorella sorokinianaInozivikanwa nekudzivirira kwayo masero, kugona kwayo kushivirira nharaunda dzine chepfu iri pakati nepakati kusvika pakakwirira, uye kukura kwayo kwakanyanya, zvichipedzisa kukura kwayo mumazuva mashoma. Nemamwe mashoko, imhando yemhuka. yakanyatsogadziriswa mumamiriro ezvinhu akaipisisa uye inoshanda zvikuru pakuchenesa.
Chimwe chinhu chinonakidza ndechekuti sisitimu iyi inobvumira, nekugadzirwa kwakakodzera, dzorera simbi dzakabatwa kubva papolymer ne microalgae kuti zvishandiswezve mumaindasitiri. Izvi zvinochinja chinangwa kubva pakungotamisa dambudziko (mvura yakachena asi ine tsvina) kuenda kune nzira inovhara denderedzwa nekudzoreredza nekushandisa simbi idzi.
Mashandiro anoita microalgae kune simbi dzinorema
Boka rekutsvagisa paYunivhesiti yeHuelva, rakatarisa pane Kuvandudzwa kwemajini kwezvisikwa zvinogadzira photosynthesis, yakadzidza zvakadzama zvinoitika mukati nekunze kwemasero e microalgae kana akasangana nemvura yakazara nesimbi dzinorema.
Vakaona izvozvo, zvakatenderedza 90% yesimbi inoramba yakabatana pamusoro peseroyakasungirirwa pamadziro e microalga. 10% yasara inopinda musero, uko maitiro e oxidation nekuderedza anoitwa kuti aderedze chepfu yezvinhu izvi.
Dzimwe dzesimbi idzodzo dzinozoguma dzaungana mu vacuoles, ma organelles emasero madiki izvo zvinoshanda senzvimbo dzekuchengetera zvinhu. Izvi zvinoitika, kupfuura zvose, ne cadmium, zvichiratidza kuti microalgae ine nzira dzakananga dzekubata tsvina ine chepfu yakawanda.
Kunyangwe kuunganidzwa kwemukati kuchibatsira kuderedza chepfu yezvakatipoteredza, zvinopawo dambudziko: kana biomass yese iyoyo ikazara nesimbi dzinorema, kushandiswa kwayo zvakananga kune biofuels kana zvinhu zvinowedzera kukosha kushoma, kunze kwekunge nzira inoshanda yakagadzirwa kuti tanga wabvisa simbi idzodzo kubva mubiomass.
Saka, rimwe remabasa ari kuitwa pari zvino rinoongorora kuti tingakurudzira sei kukura kwe microalgae. inonyanya kunyudza simbi pamusoro padzo uye kuita kuti simbi dzisatsvedzere kushandiswazve, kuitira kuti zvese simbi pamwe chete nehurongwa hwekuchenesa pachahwo zvigone kushandiswazve, nokudaro zvichibatanidza nzira yakajeka yehupfumi hwedenderedzwa.
Kupfuura simbi: makemikari epetroleum uye kusvibiswa kwemakemikari epetrochemical
Simbi dzinorema hadzisidzo dzega dzinokonzera matambudziko mumvura yakasviba; kunewo makemikari emuchadenga anobva mupetroleum neindasitiri yepetrochemicalmazhinji acho anogara kwenguva refu uye ane chepfu yakanyanya kuhove, shiri nevanhu.
Tsvagiridzo ichangobva kuitwa, yakabudiswa mumagazini Toxics, zvakaratidza kuti mamwe ma microalgae anogona kushandisa mahydrocarbon anonhuhwirira epolycyclic nemamwe makemikari anobva mupetroleum senzvimbo yekabhoniNemamwe mashoko, vanokwanisa "kudya" chikamu chezvinosvibisa izvi, vachizvideredza kana kuzvishandura kuita mamorekuru asingakuvadzi zvakanyanya.
KuYunivhesiti yeHuelva vari kutoshanda pamapurojekiti akadai se AlgaPol, uko kushandiswa kwemapolymers adsorbent uye microalgae zvinosanganiswa kugadzirisa tsvina yakaoma inobva muindasitiri yepetrochemical: kubva kuzvinhu zvinogadzirwa nephenolic kusvika kumakemikari ane njodzi zvikuru epolycyclic aromatic.
Rudzi urwu rwekutsvaga rwunotsvaga kugadzirisa pfungwa yema biofilms nema microalgae-polymer hybrid systems kuitira kuti ashande kwete chete nemusanganiswa wesimbi, asiwo ne zvakadururwa zvakazara nemahydrocarbon nezvinhu zvinogara zviripo, izvo zvisati zvanyatsogadzirwa nemaindasitiri.
Kufambira mberi kunoratidza kuti, nesarudzo yakanaka yemarudzi uye dhizaini yakagadziridzwa yezvinhu zvinotsigira, microalgae inogona kuva chikamu chikuru chehunyanzvi hwekubvisa tsvina zvinyoro, nekushandiswa kwesimba shoma uye kushandiswa kushoma kwemakemikari akasimba.
Ma microalgae mumvura yakasviba inobva mumigodhi yemuorivhi: kubvisa tsvina uye kugadzira zvigadzirwa zvebio
Imwe nzvimbo inonyanya kufarirwa ndeyekutarisira kwe Mari inobuda mumigodhi yemafuta emuorivhi uye muchikamu chemafuta emuorivhiMvura idzi dzine zvinhu zvakasanganiswa zvakanyanya uye makemikari ane chepfu anonzi phenolic, izvo zvinotadzisa zvikuru kubudiswa kwadzo zvakananga kana kushandiswa mukudiridza pasina kurapwa kwakasimba kwekutanga.
Chikwata chinobva kuDhipatimendi reMakemikari, Zvezvakatipoteredza uye Uinjiniya hweZvinhu zve Jaén University akadzidza nezvekushandiswa kwe microalga Neochloris oleoabundans kurapa mvura iyi kubva mumigodhi yemuorivhi nemazvo, zvichiwana mhedzisiro inoshamisa mukubvisa tsvina uye mukugadzira biomass nemashandisirwo emaindasitiri.
Chidzidzo, chakaburitswa mumagazini Uinjiniya muSainzi yeHupenyuIzvi zvinoratidza kuti mafuta anogona kudonha kubva mumafuta sosi yezvinovaka muviri yekukura kwakadzorwa kwe microalga iyiPasinei nekuti tsvina yacho ine chepfu pakutanga, mhando dzakasarudzwa dzinokwanisa kukura zvakanaka uye kushandisa mishonga iri mumvura senzira yekukura kwayo.
Mumiedzo, kuderedzwa kwepakati peimwe 66% uye 94% yezvinosvibisa zvikuru yemvura idzi, kusvika pamvura yekupedzisira yakakodzera kushandiswazve. Panguva imwe chete, microalga yakaunganidza biomass ine zvinhu zvinonakidza zvikuru: zvakatenderedza 56% makabhohaidhiretsi, 51% mafuta, uye 49,5% mapuroteni.
Nehuwandu uhu, biomass iyoyo inogona kushandiswa kugadzira biodiesel, bioethanol, biofertilizers, zvinoshandiswa pakushongedza kana chikafu chemhukanokudaro zvichigadzira nzira itsva dzebhizinesi dzakafanana nekugadzirwa kwemafuta emuorivhi uye kusimbisa muenzaniso wehupfumi hwakatenderera wemunda wemuorivhi.
Musanganiswa wemvura yakasviba: kugadzirisa zvinovaka muviri uye kuderedza chepfu
Vaongorori vepaYunivhesiti yeJaén havana kungodzidza nezvemvura imwe chete inobva mumigodhi yemuorivhi. Vakaongorora mhando nhatu dzakasiyana dzetsvina: mvura inoshandiswa kugeza maorivhi isati yagayiwa, mvura inoshandiswa kugeza mafuta mushure mekutenderera, uye kuyerera kubva mvura yakasviba yemumaguta kubva kuWWTP.
Rukova rumwe nerumwe rune "hunhu" hwarwo: rwunobva mumigodhi yemuorivhi rune zvinhu zvakawanda zve organic uye phenolic compounds, nepo chikamu chemaguta chinonyanya kubatsira. Nitrogen nephosphorus zvakakosha pakukura kwe microalgaePfungwa yacho yaive yekubatanidza zvinhu izvi muzvikamu zvakakodzera kuti pave nekudzikamisa chepfu ukuwo zvichipawo zvinovaka muviri zvinodiwa.
Nekugadzirisa musanganiswa, maitiro akagadzikana zvikuru akawanikwa, umo microalga yaigona kukura isina kudonha nekuda kwechepfu, uye zvinotevera zvakawanikwa: kudzikira kwe94% munitrates ne nitrites, 93% mukuda kwemakemikari eokisijeni uye 66% mu phenolic compoundsNemamwe mashoko, nzira yekuchenesa yakadzama uchishandisa marara ayo, kusvika nguva pfupi yadarika, aive dambudziko guru kumaindasitiri emafuta emuorivhi.
Izvi zvinokonzerwa nehupenyu, hwakapfuma mumafuta, mapuroteni, uye makabhohaidhiretsi, zvinoita kuti chinhu chine zvigadzirwa zvakawanda zvemaindasitiriKubva kumafuta anogadzirwa nemiti kusvika kufetereza yeorganic nezvimwe zvinowedzera zvekuzora kana chikafu chemhuka, zvinoenderana zvakakwana nemisimboti yehupfumi hwakatenderera.
Danho rinotevera riri kufungwa nechikwata nderekuti yakawedzerwa kusvika pamamiriro chaiwo emugodhi wemuorivhikugadzira masisitimu anogona kushanda nehuwandu hwakawanda mumwaka wese wemafuta emuorivhi uye anokwanisa kutsungirira kusiyana kwehuwandu hwemvura yakasviba mumwaka wese.
Microalgae inoshandiswa pakurapa mvura yakasviba yemumaguta nemaindasitiri
Kurapa mvura yakasviba mumaguta kunoenderana nemaitiro emuviri, makemikari uye ehupenyu, ayo, kunyangwe achishanda, anogona kubatsira. inodhura musimba uye ma reagentsuye dzimwe nguva zvinogadzira tsvina yakaoma kugadzirisa. Munyaya iyi, kushandiswa kwe microalgae kuri kuonekwa senzira inokwezva zvikuru kana kuti yekuwedzera.
Mvura yakasviba yemumaguta nemaindasitiri inowanzova nemusanganiswa we zvinovaka muviri (nitrogen nephosphorus), simbi dzinorema, uye zvinhu zvinosvibisa zviri kubudaIzvi zvinosanganisira mishonga, mishonga yekuchenesa muviri, nemishonga yezvipembenene. Mishonga iyi yakawanda inogara kwenguva refu uye yakaoma kubvisa nekurapa kwakajairika.
Microalgae, kune rumwe rutivi, inokwanisa kubata huwandu hwakawanda hwezvinovaka muviri, kugadzirisa simbi dzakati wandei, uye, pamwe chete nemabhakitiriya anobatanidzwa, kuputsa makemikari akaomarara eorganicMunguva ye photosynthesis vanoburitsa okisijeni, izvo zvinoderedza kudiwa kwemhepo inofefetera muma reactors, chimwe chezvinhu zvinoshandisa simba rakawanda pakugadzira fekitari yekuchenesa mvura yakasviba.
Zvichienderana nemabhuku esainzi achangoburwa, masisitimu ekurapa akavakirwa pa microalgae anogona kubatanidza nzira ye kugadziriswa kwakazara kwe bioremediationVanochenesa mvura, vanogadzira okisijeni, uye vanobata COâ‚‚.2 uye inopa biomass inoshandiswa mumafuta emhuka, mafetiraiza emhuka nezvimwe zvigadzirwa zvinokosha.
Zvisinei, hazvisi zvese zvakakwana: nzira dzechinyakare dzekukohwa nekuomesa microalgal biomass dzinowanzo kuve inodhura uye inoda simba rakawandaIzvi zvinoderedza kushandiswa kwayo kukuru kana maitiro ekuparadzanisa uye ekusimbisa kukosha asina kuvandudzwa.
Purojekiti yeEurope WWTBP-by-Microalgae: spirulina uye pigments dzakakosha
European Union ine network yakakura yetsvina, inodarika Makiromita mamiriyoni 3,2 emapombiizvo zvinozopedzisira zvaiswa mumafekitori ekurapa. Ndipo panopinda chirongwa chekuEurope. Mvura Inoraswa Kusvika Pakupenya Kwebhuruu-ne-Microalgae (WWTBP-ne-Microalgae), yakatarisana nekushandisa mukana wemamwe ma microalgae, akadai se spirulina, kuchenesa mvura yakasviba uku ichigadzira zvigadzirwa zvinokosha.
Muchirongwa ichi, spirulina inoshandiswa kubata zvinovaka muviri zvakaita senitrates nephosphates, pamwe nekubvisa tsvina, kusanganisira dzimwe simbi dzinoremaPainochenesa mvura, inogadzira phycocyanin, ruvara rwebhuruu runokosheswa zvikuru muindasitiri yezvekudya, zvekuzora uye zvekudya.
Chimwe chezvinhu zvikuru zvainetsa kwaive kudhura kwekuunganidza nekuomesa biomass, saka timu yakatarisa pa gadzira nzira dzekukohwa dzinoshanda zviri nani uchishandisa simba shomaMaitiro ekurapa ane zvikamu zviviri akatangwa uye nzira itsva yekuvhara mabhakitiriya e photosynthetic yakaedzwa. Synechococcus, inowanikwa zvakanyanya munzvimbo dzegungwa.
Pamusoro pezvo, hurongwa hutsva hwakagadzirwa kuti kusefa ne electrocoagulation yekukohwa spirulina, zvichideredza simba rinodiwa zvakanyanya zvichienzaniswa nenzira dzechinyakare dzekuparadzanisa. Izvi zvinoita kuti masisitimu aya ave padanho repamusoro rekubudirira mune zveupfumi mumashandisirwo chaiwo.
Ongororo dzakaitwa kubva muchirongwa ichi dzakaratidzawo kuti, pasi pemamwe mamiriro ezvinhu, Kuvhenekerwa kwechiedza chitsvuku kunowedzera kugadzirwa kwebiomass uye kugadzirwa kwepigmentZvikurukuru, mhedzisiro yakanaka yakawanikwa mukurapa mvura yakasviba inobva kumabhizinesi ekugadzira doro, uko kutora CO2 kunosanganiswa nemamwe maitiro.2, kugadziriswa kwemvura uye kugadzirwa kwemavara epigment ne biomass zvine mutengo wekutengesa.
Matambudziko ekuita basa: mamiriro ekunze, mitemo, uye kugamuchirwa kwevanhu
Kunyangwe mhedzisiro yehunyanzvi ichivimbisa zvikuru, kushandiswa kwakawanda kwemasisitimu akavakirwa pamicroalgae kuchiri kutarisana matambudziko akasiyana-siyana anoshandaChimwe chazvo mamiriro ekunze: mhando zhinji dzema microalgal dzinowedzera kuipa kana tembiricha yakaderera uye mwaranzi yezuva shoma, chimwe chinhu chinowanzoitika munguva yechando muEurope.
Kuti vakunde chipingamupinyi ichi, mapoka evatsvagurudzi ari kuyedza mhando dzemhando dzakajairwa nemamiriro ekunze anotonhora uye asina chiedza chakawanda, seaya anowanikwa kuchamhembe kweEurope. Aya ma microalgae anogona kuramba achicheneswa kunyangwe mamiriro ekunze asina kunaka.
Uyezve, kukura kwemasisitimu ekurima kunomutsa mibvunzo yehunyanzvi uye yezvehupfumi: ma reactors nema photobioreactors anofanirwa kugadzirwa kuti chengetedza zvirimwa zvakagadzikana zvakawandainobvumira chiedza chakanaka, inobatsira kukohwa, uye inodhura zvishoma kana tichienzanisa netekinoroji dzemazuva ano.
Imwe pfungwa inokosha ndeyemitemo nemaonero evanhu: kushandiswa kwe microalgae biomass kubva mvura yakasviba muzvikamu zvakaita sezvekudya, zvekuzora kana zvemishonga Inotevedzwa nemitemo yakaoma uye kusavimba nevatengi, kunyangwe zvigadzirwa zvekupedzisira zvakacheneswa uye zvichidzorwa.
Saka, mapurojekiti akaita seWWTBP-by-Microalgae anosanganisirawo kuvandudzwa kwe zvirongwa zvebhizinesi, tsvakurudzo yemusika, ongororo yemutemo, uye nzira dzekutaurirana, nechinangwa chekuwana nzvimbo dzinoshanda dzekushandisa uye kuona kuti maitiro acho anotevedzera mitemo yese iripo.
Kuenda kuhupfumi hwakatenderera hwakavakirwa pa microalgae
Zvizhinji zvezvirongwa zvakatsanangurwa zvakafanana nenzira imwe chete: kushandura marara aimbova nematambudziko kuita chinhu chinokosha. mafuta ekubikisa akashandiswa, sarufa yakasara, tsvina yemafuta emuorivhi kana mvura yakasviba yemubiki sezvinhu zvinotsigira kurimwa kwemicroalgae zvinokwana zvakakwana mukufunga kwehupfumi hwedenderedzwa.
Pane kushandisa simba nemari kuti tibvise tsvina, pfungwa yacho ndeyekubatanidza maitiro ayo microalgae Vanobvisa kusvibiswa mumvura, vanobata COâ‚‚2 uye kugadzira biomass yakagadzirirwa biofuels, biofertilizers, pigments dzechisikigo kana zvimwe zvigadzirwa zveindasitiri.
Mhando idzi dzemasystem dzinogonawo kuderedza kumanikidzwa kwemvura, kuderedza njodzi yekufa kwemvura yakawanda, kuvandudza kunaka kwenzvimbo dzenzizi nemadziva, uye kubatsira mukupararira kwe kuderedza kukanganiswa kwecarbon mumabasa mazhinji emaindasitiriZvese izvi pasina kugara uchitsvaga mishonga yemakemikari ine hasha kana inodhura zvakanyanya.
Pachine basa rinofanira kuitwa: kune matambudziko mukuwedzera, kugadzirisa kukohwa, kudzoreredza simbi, uye kugadzirisa mhando dzakasiyana dzetsvina. Asi zvakaitika muHuelva, Umeå, Jaén, Ghent, nedzimwe nzvimbo zvinoratidza kuti ma microalgae aripo. zvinopfuura kungoshandisa biofuelsVanobatsirana zvikuru mukufunga patsva kuti tinochenesa sei mvura uye zvatinoita nemarara.
Mumamiriro ezvinhu anoratidzwa nedambudziko remvura, shanduko yemamiriro ekunze uye kudiwa kwemaindasitiri ane mutoro, ma microalgae ari kubatanidza nzvimbo yawo se mhinduro yechisikigo, inochinjika uye inoshanduka-shanduka zvinoshamisa, inokwanisa kubatanidza biotechnology, kuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza nemikana mitsva yehupfumi muhurongwa humwe chete.