Iyo basin yeAmazon iri kusangana nechiitiko chisina kumboitika: madziva akati wandei akanyoresa tembiricha kusvika 41°C panguva yekusanaya kwemvura nekupisa kusinganzwisisike, kuine kukanganisa kwakanyanya pamhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzezvipenyu uye pamhepo nzanga dziri pedyo nerwizi dzakakanganiswa.
Humbowo, hwakaunganidzwa neboka kubva kuMamirauá Institute ndokuburitswa mujenari sainzi, inonongedzera kukudziya kwakawedzera kweidzi gadziriro dzomumvura dzinopisa, idzo Izvi zvakaitika zvakare mumakore achangopfuura. uye zvinoda kusimbaradza kuongorora nekutungamira kwesainzi.
Chiitiko chakanyanyisa: kubva mumvura inodziya kusvika kune kupisa kunopisa
Zviyero mu madziva gumi epakati peAmazon Munguva yekusanaya kwemvura kukuru, vakaratidza kusvetuka kusati kwamboitika: shanu dzakapfuura 37°C uye Lake Tefé yakasvika. 41°C mukati membiru yayo yese yemvura, kudzika kwemamita maviri.
Mumamiriro ezvinhu akajairwa, mvura muTefé iri pakati pe28 ne31 ºC, saka kuverenga uku kunomiririra shanduko yakangoerekana yavapo. inodarika chikumbaridzo chekupisa yechikamu chikuru chezvipenyu zvemumvura zvemuno.
Kudonha kwenhoroondo kwemvura kwakawedzera mamiriro ezvinhu, zvichisiya nharaunda dzemurwizi dziri dzoga uye kutadzisa kufamba, kubata hove, uye kuwana mvura yakakodzera kudyiwa.
Zvikonzero zvenyama: mwaranzi, kudzika kudzika, uye mhepo yakadzikama
Chikwata chakaratidza kupindirana kwezvinhu zvina zvakaita sea dutu rakakwana: mazinga akakwirira emagetsi ezuva mushure mekutevedzana kwenguva refu kwemazuva akajeka, madziva asina kudzika kwazvo Munguva yekusanaya kwemvura, mhepo isina simba zvakanyanya uye turbidity yakakwira nekuda kwekumira kwesediment.
La low wind speed Yaive yakasimba nekuti yaideredza kurasikirwa nekupisa kuburikidza nekuputika uye kutonhora kwehusiku; nemvura ine mhirizhonga uye isina kudzika, kupisa kwakaungana nekukurumidza pasi pezuva kunyanya zvakanyanya.
Mhedzisiro yacho yakanga iri kupisa kwakanyanya kusina kungokanganisa pamusoro chete, asiwo Yakapinda mushongwe yose yemvurakubvisa hutiziro hunogona kupisa hwehove nemhuka dzemumvura.
Ecology uye magariro zvinokanganisa
Vakanyoresa kufa kwevanhu vakawanda de peces uye anopfuura 200 rwizi dolphins muLake Tefé, chimiro chinoenderana nekurasikirwa kwenzvimbo yekugara inopisa uye kusakwanisa kutamira kumvura inotonhorera panguva yekuzviparadzanisa nevamwe.
Chiitiko chacho chaiperekedzwa ne phytoplankton blooms, kusanganisira Euglena sanguinea, inokwanisa kugadzira muchetura unowedzera kufa kwehove uko vagari veko vanotsamira pakudya kwavo.
Kuderedzwa kwenzvimbo yemvura kwakanyanyisa: dhamu Tefé yakarasika yakatenderedza 75% yenzvimbo yayo uye dziva reBadajós neinosvika makumi mapfumbamwe muzana, zvine chekuita nemararamiro, kupa uye kubatana kwenzizi.
Vatsvakurudzi vanosimbisa kuti, kunze kwechiitiko chaicho, the kuparara kweecosystem services Zvinokanganisa kuchengetedzwa kwechikafu uye kusimba kwevanhu munharaunda ino iyo yakakosha kune kuenzana kwemamiriro ekunze pasi rose.
Chimiro chinonetsa Europe
Yenguva refu data inoratidza kuti masisitimu aya ari kupisa pamwero we 0,3–0,8 °C pamakore gumipamusoro peavhareji yepasi rose. Nyanzvi muSpain uye EU dzinokoshesa basa sekudanwa kwekusimbisa kuongorora zvirongwa mumadziva anopisa, munhoroondo zvishoma zvakaonekwa.
Vatsvagiri kubva kumayunivhesiti eSpanish uye CSIC inosimbisa kusanganiswa kwe-in-situ yekutarisa, setiraiti sensors uye. hydrodynamic modhi inotsigira mhedziso dzakasimba pamusoro pezvinokonzeresa kudziya uye zvazvinokonzeresa.
IEuropean Commission's Joint Research Center yakanyorawo mwaka we moto unoshamisa MuAmazon, ne CO2 emissions iyo muna 2024 yakapfuura iyo kubva mukutemwa kwemasango, mamiriro ayo anowedzera kudzikisira kugona kwedunhu kuchengetedza shanduko yemamiriro ekunze.
Zvese zvinonongedza kuti zvikamu izvi zviwedzere uye nekupisa kwemafungu uye kusanaya kwemvura kwakanyanya. zvichava kazhinji uye zvakanyanyaNaizvozvo, anochinjika manejimendi matanho uye kudyidzana kwesainzi kwepasirese kunove kwekutanga.
Kudziya kusati kwamboitika kwemadziva eAmazonian, nepamusoro pe kusvika ku41 ºCInoratidza kuti musanganiswa we hydrological uye meteorological zvinhu zvinogona kukanganisa zvisikwa zvese; kusimbisa kutarisa, kuchengetedza kusiyana-siyana kwezvipenyu uye kutsigira nharaunda zvinova zvakakosha zvakare kubva kuSpain neEurope, iyo ine basa rakakosha mukupa mari, kutsvagisa uye kutaurirana kwemamiriro ekunze.
