Kuonekwazve kwe Sturgeon muRwizi rweEbro Zvishoma nezvishoma zviri kupera kuva chishuwo chesainzi uye zviri kutoonekwa. Chitatu chino, kumwe kuburitswa kwezviyero kwakaitika muchikamu chezasi cherwizi, chimwe chiitiko chikuru muchirongwa chekudzoserwa kwemvura icho, maererano nevari kutungamira, chichada mwoyo murefu, makore akati wandei ebasa rinoenderera mberi, uye kutarisisa zvakanyanya.
Muchikamu chitsva ichi cheprojekiti, zvinotevera zvakatora chikamu chinoshanda: Sangano reKuvandudza Matunhu eEbro (IDECE) uye Nzvimbo yeZvidzidzo zveRwizi rweMediterranean (CERM), iyo yagara ichishandira pamwe nemasangano ekuFrance kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti sturgeon, iyo yakanyangarika kubva kuEbro kubvira kuma1970, yava chikamu chakagadzikana chehupenyu hwerwizi nenzvimbo yedelta zvakare.
Kuburitswa kwechitatu kwesturgeon muchikamu chezasi cheRwizi rweEbro
Zuva iri rakacherechedzwa ne kusunungurwa kwechitatu kwesturgeon muRwizi rweEbro, chiito chave chichidzokororwa panguva ino kubvira muna 2023. Panguva ino vasunungurwa Makopi matsva makumi mana nemana, uyo akanga ambopedza mazuva mashoma achijaira nzvimbo yekuchengetera mhuka dzemugungwa ye IRTA yeLa RÃ pita, pamhenderekedzo yeTarragona.
Sturgeon idzi dzinobva Chirongwa chekubereka vana vakatapwa cheINRAE, iyo Institut National de Recherche en Sciences et Technologies pour l'Environment et l'Agriculture, iri muSaint Seurin-sur-l'Isle, mudunhu reFrance reNew Aquitaine, pedyo neBordeaux. Nekuda kwechibvumirano chekushandira pamwe pakati penyika mbiri idzi, gore rega rega vanosvika kuEbro mhando gumi nembiri dzakaberekerwa muFrance, izvo zvinova hwaro hwekuwanda kwevanhu.
Nekuburitswa kweChitatu, huwandu hwevanhu vakadzorerwa patsva hwasvika 138 sturgeon muEbro, zvose zvakasunungurwa munzvimbo ye Tivenys (Baix Ebre)Chikamu ichi cherwizi chakakodzera zvikuru nekuda kwehunhu hwacho hwemvura uye kuva pedyo kwacho neDelta. Ndiwo maguta akafanana uko, makumi emakore apfuura, kubata hove dzemhuka dzinotama kwaiitwa zuva nezuva nemhuri dzinoverengeka dzemuno.
Matekiniki anosimbisa kuti sarudzo yenguva yegore Hazvisi zvetsaona: vanotsvaga nguva apo tembiricha yemvura yerwizi yakanaka kwazvo kuderedza kushushikana muhove uye kukurudzira kujairana kwadzo. Dzisati dzaburitswa kekupedzisira, hove dzeSturgeon dzinopedza nguva pfupi dzichichinja-chinja munzvimbo dzeIRTA, uko hutano hwadzo nemaitiro adzo zvinotariswa.
Kudzoserwa kwechirongwa ichi hakuzoenderera mberi gore rega rega. Vatungamiriri vechirongwa vakaratidza kuti Hapana kuburitswa kutsva kuchaitwa muna 2026Sezvo kubereka mhuka dzakavharirwa kuri nzira yakaoma uye huwandu hunodiwa hwemachira ekubata mhuka hwakanga husina kuiswa muFrance gore rino, kuburitswa kunotevera kwakarongerwa [zuva haripo]. 2027chero bedzi kuburitswa kwemari kuINRAE ​​kuchigutsa mugore remari rinotevera.
Chirongwa chenguva refu chinoda mwoyo murefu
Murongi wepurojekiti uye mukuru weCERM, Marc OrdeixAnoti kudzoserwa kwesturgeon muEbro, maererano netsanangudzo, ndiko kuti, maitiro anononoka zvikuruRudzi urwu rune hupenyu hwakareba uye harusviki pakukura pabonde kusvika papera makore akawanda, izvo zvinoda kufunga nezvekupora kwarwo. chiyero chemakumi emakore kwete kubva mumakwikwi chaiwo.
Maverengero echikwata chesainzi anoratidza kuti tichafanira kumirira kusvika Makumi maviri emakore kupinda muchikamu chechipiri cheprojekiti, panguva iyo zvinotarisirwa kuti Hove yeSturgeon yakadzorerwa inoshambira ichikwira rwizi kuti ibereke.Hono dzinowanzo svika pazera remakore ari pakati pe13 ne15, nepo hadzi dzichizosvika padanho rekupedzisira, dziri pakati pemakore 18 ne20. Ndipo chete pazvichakwanisika kuziva kana Rwizi rweEbro ruine zvinodiwa kuti rupedzise kutenderera kwese kwehupenyu.
Kusvika panguva iyoyo yasvika, kuedza kwacho kwakatarisana wedzera nhamba yemienzaniso yakaburitswakuona kuti nzvimbo dzavo dzekugara dzakanaka uye kuongorora zvakakwana maitiro avo muchikamu chimwe nechimwe cherwizi. Ordeix anosimbisa kuti zvichave zvakakosha kuburitswa kwakawanda uye makore mazhinji ekuteveraPamusoro pekuchengetedza mari uye kubatana kwenyika dzese, kuitira kuti chirongwa ichi chive nemukana chaiwo wekubudirira.
Sturgeon, pane imwe nguva, yaive rudzi rwe kukosha kukuru kwezvakatipoteredza nehupfumi muEbro nedzimwe nzizi huru dzeMediterranean neEurope. Kunyangarika kwayo muma1970 kwakabatana nekusanganiswa kwezvinhu zvinotevera: kubata hove zvakanyanya, mvura isina kunaka, uye zvipingamupinyi zvemuviri izvo zvakadzivirira kufamba kwakasununguka kwehove dzinotama dzichienda kumusoro kwerwizi. Nhasi, chinangwa chikuru ndechekuona kuti zvikonzero izvozvo hazvichaonekwi.
Zvichienderana neCERM, mamiriro ezvinhu aripo parizvino akasiyana: kumanikidzwa kwekubata hove pamhando iyi hakupo, Hunhu hwemvura yeEbro hwavandudzika zvichienzaniswa nemakore makumi mashanu apfuura. Uye mabasa nezvivakwa zvakaiswa kuti zvive nyore kubatanidza rwizi. Pakati peizvi, zviito zvekukunda zvipingamupinyi zvakaita se Nzvimbo yeXerta neTvenysizvo panguva iyoyo zvaive chipingamupinyi chikuru pakutama kwevanhu.
Kutarisa kwesainzi uye kugadzirisa zvakanaka mamiriro eDelta
Ruzivo rwekutanga rwekutevera runoratidza kuti Sturgeon yakaburitswa muna 2023 na2024 yachinja zvakanaka kusvika kuchikamu chekupedzisira cheRwizi rweEbro uye kusvika kunzvimbo dzegungwa dzeDelta. Nekuongororwa nguva dzose, zvakaonekwa kuti vanhu vazhinji vanofamba kuenda kuchikamu chezasi cherwizi mushure mekuburitswa, sezvakafanotaurwa mumhando dzemaitiro.
Mimwe mienzaniso yakawanikwa mu mvura iri pedyo neEbro Deltavamwe vachiripo mu estuary kana «aiguabarreig»Nzvimbo iyi, uko mvura yerwizi negungwa zvinosangana, inopa chikafu chakakwana uye pekugara. Kupararira uku kunoenderana nezvinotarisirwa kuma sturgeon madiki ari pakati pemakore rimwe nehafu nematatu, makore anofungidzirwa ehove akadzorerwa kusvika pari zvino.
Kune vaongorori, maitiro aya ekufamba anoreva maitiro akakodzera uye anotarisirwa, zvakafanana zvikuru nezvinoonekwa mune mamwe mapurojekiti ekudzoreredza sturgeon munzizi dzakadai se Garonne kana kuti Dordognezvakare muFrance. Kuenzanisa nemadziva aya kunobatsira zvikuru, sezvo kuchishanda sechiratidzo chekuongorora kumhanya kwekuchinja muEbro.
Kuedza kwekutarisa hakungogumiri pakutevera nzvimbo yehove chete, asiwo kunosanganisira kuongororwa kwemamiriro emuviri, mwero wekurarama, uye mhinduro kukuchinja kwezvakatipoteredzazvakaita sekuchinja kwemvura kana tembiricha. Ruzivo urwu rwese runova chinhu chakakosha pakugadzirisa, kana zvichidikanwa, huwandu hwesampuro dzinofanira kuburitswa uye nguva yakanakisisa yegore yekuita izvozvo.
Chikwata ichi chinoti zvichiri kutanga kusvika padanho rekuti zviite mhedziso dzakasimba nezvekugona kwerudzi urwu kuzvigadzira muEbro, asi mhedzisiro yemakore mashoma ekutanga aya iri kutariswa, kusvika pari zvino, zvinokurudzira zviri pachena maererano nekuchinja-chinja uye maitiro.
Nzvimbo dzehove dzinofamba-famba uye mhedzisiro yadzo pane dzimwe mhando dzinotama
Kudzoserwazve kwesturgeon muEbro hakugoni kunzwisiswa pasina mamiriro ezvinhu Chirongwa cheLife MigratoEbre, chirongwa chekuEurope chine chinangwa dzorera rudzi rwacho de peces vatorwa muchikamu chezasi cherwizi. Chimwe chezviito zvinoonekwa zvakanyanya kwave kuri kuvaka ramp de peces munzvimbo dzeXerta neAscó, pamusoro pekupindira mumakiyi nezvimwe zvivakwa.
Mabasa aya anobvumira mhando dzakasiyana dzezvinhu enda kumusoro kwerwizi usvike kunzvimbo dzekuberekesa iyo yavakamboshandisa kare, chimwe chinhu chakanga chave kudziviswa zvikuru nekuvapo kwezvipingamupinyi zvemuviri. IDECE yakaita basa guru mukusimudzira nekugadzirisa mhinduro idzi dzekubatanidza rwizi.
Mhedzisiro yacho haisi yesturgeon chete. Sekureva kwaMarc Ordeix, nzira dzakagadziriswa dzekufambisa nekuvhara dzakanyatsobatsira kupora kwemumvurihove dzinotama dzaive dzechinyakare muEbro yepasi. Muguta reTvenys, zvinorangarirwa kuti Mhuri dzinosvika nhatu dzairarama nekubata hove dzerudzi urwuiyo yakazopedzisira yanyangarika munzvimbo iyi.
Mumakore achangopfuura, a kuwedzera kunoonekwa pakuvapo kwemumvuri murwizi uye mienzaniso yakawanikwa kumusoro kwerwizi, zvichiratidza kuti vakakwanisa kushandisa zvivakwa zvitsva kukunda zvipingamupinyi. Uyezve, vakawanikwa vechidiki mienzaniso, chiratidzo chakajeka chekuti mhando iyi iri kukwanisa kuberekana kumusoro kwerwizi uye kupedzisa kutenderera kwayo kwehupenyu.
Gore rino rimwe chete, matekiniki akasimbisa kuwanikwa kwe mumvuriHove inotama yakafanana nesalmon, iyo yakanga yakawandawo munzvimbo dzakaderera dzeRwizi rweEbro uye yakazonyangarika. Kuonekwa kwayo zvakare munzvimbo dzakasiyana dzerwizi, pamwe chete nekuvapo kweshiri diki, zvinoratidza kuti Nzvimbo yerwizi iri kutanga kupindura kune matanho ekugadzirisa.
Matambudziko ari mberi kune sturgeon muEbro
Pasinei nekufambira mberi, sturgeon inoramba iri mhando dzinonyanya kuda yeseti de peces Vatorwa vari muchirongwa ichi. Rudzi urwu runoda kudzika kukuru uye mamiriro chaiwo chaiwo mwero wekuyerera kwemvura, substrate uye hunhu hwemvura zvinodiwa kuti ipedzise zvikamu zvese zvehupenyu hwayo, izvo zvinoita kuti ikwanise kupora kana tichienzanisa nedzimwe mhando.
Chimwe chezvinhu zvisingazivikanwe izvo vaongorori vanoda kujekesa mumakore anotevera ndechekuti sei Sturgeon ichashandisa nzvimbo dzekuredza hove yakavakwa muRwizi rweEbro. Zvivakwa izvi zvakagadzirwa pakadzika pakati pe 50 uye 80 masentimitakuedza kugadzirisa zvinodiwa nerudzi urwu, asi zvichiri kuda kuonekwa kana mhando dzakadzorerwa dzichinzwa zvakanaka kudzisanganisa nadzo.
Nyanzvi hadzirambi kuti sturgeon inogona kuzviratidza kusada kana "kutya" kushandisa zvimwe zvivakwa, saka zvichave zvakakosha kuongorora maitiro avo kuburikidza nekutarisa, kumaka, uye kuteedzera masisitimu. Zvichienderana nemhedzisiro, zvinotevera zvinogona kufungwa nezvazvo: kugadziriswa kwekugadzirwa kwematanho ekufamba kana matanho matsva ekuwedzera kuti zvive nyore kuti vanhu vakuru vafambe kana nguva yekubereka yasvika.
Rimwe dambudziko guru richava kuchengetedza kuvandudzwa kwehunhu hwemvura uye kutarisirwa kwemvura inoyerera mumamiriro ekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze, pamwe nenguva dzakawanda dzekusanaya kwemvura uye zviitiko zvakanyanya zvinogona kuchinja nzvimbo yekugara. Kugadzikana kweprojekiti kuchaenderana zvakanyanya nekuenderera mberi kweEbro kupa mamiriro ekunze akakodzera mukureba
Zvichakadaro, avo vari kutungamira chirongwa ichi vanosimbisa kukosha kwe kuziva kwevanhuKudzorerwa kwehove dzemugungwa hakungogumiri pakuchengetedza nharaunda chete, asiwo kune chekuita netsika, uye, zvingangoita, hupfumi, nekusimbisa kuzivikanwa kwakabatana nerwizi uye kuvhura musuwo wezviitiko zvemangwana zvekusvika kune dzimwe nyika pamwe nekushanya kwakasimba kwakabatana nemhuka dzemurwizi.
Mamiriro ezvinhu e sturgeon muEbro Zvinoratidza chirongwa chakasimba asi chichiri kutanga: zvakatotangwazve 138 makopi Nekuda kwekushandira pamwe pakati pemasangano eSpain neFrance, zvakaonekwa pakutanga zvinoratidza kuti pane shanduko yakanaka munzvimbo dzakaderera dzegungwa neDelta, uye zvivakwa zvinokurudzirwa nechirongwa cheLife MigratoEbre zviri kudzorera mukurumbira kumarudzi akawanda anotama. Nzira refu iri mberi, nemakumi emakore ekutarisa uye kuburitswa kutsva kwakarongwa, asi humbowo hwakaunganidzwa kusvika pari zvino hunoratidza kuti Ebro iri kudzoka zvishoma nezvishoma kuti ipe nzvimbo yekugara inokodzera [marudzi akasiyana-siyana]. hove dzinonyanya kuratidzwa zvemvura dzayo.
