Pamhenderekedzo yeSonoran, yakatarisana nemhenderekedzo yeGulf yeCalifornia, A ambitious artificial reef iri kutanga kuita chimiro Izvi zvakashandura zvachose simba repasi pemvura. Pasi pegungwa kusvikira nguva pfupi yapfuura rava kutanga kuzadzwa nesimbi izere nezvinhu zvipenyu uye hove dzakawanda dziri kufamba pakati pengarava dzakanyura, masara endege, uye zvombo zvehondo zvisisashandiswe.
Chirongwa ichi, chinozivikanwa se Sonoran Artificial Reef System (SAAS)Yakave yakaitwa senzvimbo huru yerabhoritari yekuyedza kuti yakabviswa sei zvivakwa zvemugungwa zvinogona kushandurwa kuita pekugara mugungwa uye panguva imwe chete. kusimudzira modhi yezvekushanya ine hunyanzviNezvinopfuura zvikamu zviviri muzvitatu zvepurojekiti yatopera, Sonora yave kutanga kuzviisa pamepu yepasirese ye ecotourism uye diving nzvimbo.
Imwe nzira yekupayona muLatin America
Iyo SaaS inobatwa seiyo Sonora's first comprehensive artificial reef system uye imwe yemapurojekiti akasarudzika erudzi rwayo muLatin America. Haisi ngarava imwechete yakanyura iri yoga, asi seti yakarongwa yezvivakwa izvo, pamwechete, zvinogadzirazve nzvimbo yepasi pemvura izere nemapako, nzvimbo dzepasi, uye nzvimbo iyo hupenyu hwemugungwa hunogona kugadzika.
Chirongwa ichi chakatangwa nehurumende yenyika ichitungamirwa nagavhuna Alfonso Durazo Montañonechinangwa chakataurwa chekugadzira nzvimbo nyowani yezvipuka zvemugungwa nemhuka, asiwo ye kuronga kuvandudzwa kwekushanya kwemahombekombe kune dzimwe nzira dzakasimba munharaunda. Chirongwa ichi chakarongedzerwa neBazi reEconomy and Tourism, iro rakatarisira nhanho imwe neimwe kubva payakatangwa muna Chivabvu 2022.
Chimwe chezvimiro zvinonyanya kusimbiswa chaizvo chimiro chayo "Yakasiyana muLatin America" Nekuda kwechimiro chezvimiro zvakashandiswa, chiyero cheiyo yakaoma, uye musanganiswa webiological, kushanya, uye nesainzi zvinangwa zvekutsvagisa, musanganiswa uyu wamutsa kufarira pakati penyanzvi uye manejimendi mune dzimwe nzvimbo dziri kutsvaga kutevedzera mamodheru akafanana.
Iri mumvura yeGulf yeCalifornia, nzvimbo yakatopfuma mune zvipenyu zvakasiyana-siyana, iyo yakagadzirwa reef system inoshanda semubatsiri iwoyo. inogoverazve kudzvanywa kwezvipenyu zviri pedyokunyanya pamusoro pemakorari uye nzvimbo dzine matombo dzinofarirwa nevakawanda.
Ndezvipi zvimiro zvinoumba Sonora's first artificial reef?
Iyo yakakosha yeSAAS inoumbwa ne 14 dzakarongwa zvemugungwa zvigadzirwaKunyangwe kusvika parizvino gumi chete awo akaiswa pasi pegungwa. Zvivako izvi zvinobva kuzvikepe zvakabviswa uye zvishandiso zvakapfuura kuchenesa nekugadzirira maitiro kuitira kuti dzinyudzwe pasina kuburitsa zvinosvibisa zvakatipoteredza.
Pakati pezvidimbu zvakatoiswa zvikepe zvina zvehukuru hwakasiyanaiyo inoshanda sembiru huru dzezvakagadzirwa reef. Dzimba dzadzo nemakamuri emukati zvinopa hukuru hwakakura hwema microhabitats uko hove dzechidiki, invertebrates nemhando dzinotsvaga dziviriro kubva kune zvikara uye mafungu anopotera.
Mukuwedzera kune zvikepe, hurongwa hunosanganisira a helikopta uye fuselage yendegeNdege idzi, dzinopa mavhoriyamu akasiyana uye maumbirwo ekugadzirisa zvipenyu zvemugungwa, dzave nzvimbo dzinonakidza dzevanofamba-famba vari kuongorora nzvimbo iyi, dzakambobviswa zvinhu zvine njodzi.
Iyo seti inopedzwa ne amphibious mota uye matatu artillery zvidimbuZvishandiso izvi, zvakabatanidzwa munzvimbo yepasi pemvura sezvinhu zvidiki, zvinobatsira kwazvo kune zvipenyu zvinotsvaga mitswe uye zvimwe zvakavharirwa zvimiro. Mimwe michina mina, inoonekwa yakakosha pakupedza network yakarongwa, yakamirira kuiswa.
Kurongeka kwezvinhu zvese izvi hakuna kungoerekana kwaitika: ivo vakagadzirwa corridors uye aggregation nzvimbo iyo inofambisa kufamba kwemhuka uye kugadzira chaiwo mapoinzi ekukwezva kune ese ari maviri ehupenyu hwemugungwa uye yekuvaraidza uye yehunyanzvi yekudhivha nzira.
Nzvimbo itsva yekugara yezviuru de peces uye invertebrates
Kubva pakatanga kunyura muna 2022, maitiro ehupenyu hwemugungwa akakurumidza kusimbisa zvakafanotaurwa. Kuongorora kunoitwa nevakuru uye zvikwata zvehunyanzvi zvinoratidza kuti artificial reef Inotova nehove dzinoda kusvika 9 000, mufananidzo unopa pfungwa yekuti nharaunda dzemugungwa dzinokurumidza sei kutora zvimiro zverudzi urwu.
Pamwe chete nehove, hurongwa hwakabvumira kuiswa kweinenge 10 mhando dzakasiyana dzemakungwa invertebrateszvinosvika zviuru zviviri zvipenyu zvakanyoreswa. Mollusks akaonekwa, crustaceans nemamwe mapoka iyo inoshandisa nzvimbo dzesimbi nedzimba senzvimbo dzekubatisa kana pekugara kwenguva pfupi.
Pakati pezvipenyu zvinoonekwa, zvinotevera zvinonyanya kukosha: sardine, oyster, cochito, roncador, octopussiyana butterflyfish yakabatana nemakorari nharaunda, starfish uye yellow snapperKusiyana-siyana kwezvimiro uye hukuru hwezvivakwa zvinoita kuti zvive nyore kune pelagic mhuka dzinofamba muzvikoro kuti dzigare pamwe nemamwe marudzi ane maitiro e-benthic uye territorial.
Ngarava dzakanyura nendege zvishoma nezvishoma zvinova zvakafukidzwa nealgae, sponges, uye zvipenyu zvakanyunguduka zvinogadzira yekutanga kapeti yebhayoloji, pairi zvimwe zvipenyu zvinokwanisa kuzvimisa. makorari uye mamwe marudzi anononoka kukuraIyi nzira yekutevedzana kwezvakatipoteredza ndiyo kiyi yekuti iyo yose pakupedzisira iite zvakafanana kune reef rechisikigo.
Kune hutongi hweSonora, hunhu hwemhuka dzesango chiratidzo chekuti hurongwa hwave kutanga. Hurumende yehurumende pachayo yakasimbisa kuti nzvimbo yacho yatove inzvimbo yekufarira kune vanotsvaga, vakasiyana uye vanopa masevhisi ekushanya, iyo inosimbisa maitiro akawanda epurojekiti.
Sustainable tourism uye budiriro yenzvimbo yakatenderedza SAAS
Iyo yekushanya yeprojekiti ndeimwe yembiru dzayo dzakakosha. Kubva pakutanga, zvakasimbiswa kuti artificial reef haisi chirongwa chezvakatipoteredza chete, asiwo. chishandiso chekutungamira kushanya kune mamwe maitiro akasimba, nebetsero dzakananga kunzanga dzomumhenderekedzo yegungwa.
Hurumende yeSonora yakapa SAAS sechikamu chakakosha chezano rayo kushanya kwakasimbaIchi chirongwa chine chinangwa chekuisa nyika senge chiyereso chepasi rose, chakafanana nedzimwe nzvimbo dzakatarwa dzekudhivha nemasikirwo. Iyo San Carlos beach nharaunda, semuenzaniso, yakasimbiswa zvakanyanya senzvimbo yekutanga yekunakidzwa dive yakatenderedza reef system.
Pazviitiko zvakakosha, senge Tianguis TurÃstico 2025, chirongwa ichi chakasimbiswa se Muenzaniso wechirongwa chinosanganisa ecology nekusimudzira hupfumiRudzi urwu rwekuzivikanwa rwunotsvaga kukwezva vese vashanyi vemunyika nevekunze vanofarira ruzivo rwekuita diving uye kuona mhuka dzemugungwa.
Inotungamirwa diving, diving courses, transportation logistics, uye pekugara neresitorendi masevhisi akabatana neakareruka reef anounza mikana yemabasa uye kusiyanisa kwehupfumi mudunhu. Panguva imwecheteyo, kusimbiswa kunoiswa pakukosha kwe remekedza kugona kutakura kwezvakatipoteredza kudzivirira kudzokorora kukanganisa kwekushanya kwakawanda kwakaitika kune dzimwe nzvimbo dzemahombekombe eMexico.
Rondedzero yepamutemo yakatenderedza SAAS inosimbirira kuti kushanya kwakabatana nepurojekiti kunofanirwa kufambidzana nedzidzo yezvakatipoteredza, kune vashanyi nevagari, ichisimbisa pfungwa yekuti. Kuchengetedzwa kwemamiriro ekunze emugungwa chinhu chehupfumi chenguva refu.
Kuzvipira kwesangano, sainzi uye maonero eramangwana
Hurumende yenyika yakapa Sonoran Artificial Reef System sechirongwa chenguva refu. Gavhuna Alfonso Durazo pachake akadzokorora kuti rudzi urwu rwekutanga rwakakosha. Vanosimbisa kuzvipira kweHurumende yeSonora kune yekushanya modhi inosanganisa hupfumi uye tsvagiridzo, pasina kurasikirwa nechiono chekudzivirirwa kwemhoteredzo yegungwa.
Coordination kuburikidza neBazi reEconomy and Tourism yakabvumira kubatanidzwa kwehunyanzvi hwezvinhu zvekuputsikirwa kwechikepe nekusimudzirwa kwekuenda uye kubatana nenzvimbo dzekutsvagisa. Simbiso yakaiswa pakuona kuti SAAS inoshandawo se zvesainzi kuongorora mamirirouko kudzidza colonization maitiro, dynamics de peces uye mhinduro yezvakagadzirwa ecosystems muGulf yeCalifornia.
Nezvishoma kudarika 70% yeprojekti yakatoperaZvikamu zvinotevera zvinotarisa pakuisa zvimiro zvina zvasara nekutarisa ecology uye socioeconomic evolution yehurongwa. Mwero wekoroni wakacherechedzwa kusvika parizvino unopisa zvinotarisirwa kuti iyo yakaoma ichasvika kuwedzera kukura kwezvisikwa mumakore anotevera.
Mukufanana, kubatanidzwa kweartificial reef semucherechedzo wepasi rose mukushanya kwakasimba kunounza matambudziko ekutarisira: zvichave zvakakosha kuchengetedza. kudzorwa kwakasimba kwezviitwa zvemugungwa uye divingSimbisai kudzora kwezvakatipoteredza uye kuona kuti zvikomborero zvehupfumi zvinogoverwa zvakaenzana pakati penharaunda dzenharaunda.
Nezvimedu zvese izvi zviri patafura, dombo rekutanga reSonora rekugadzira riri kuumbwa kuve kuyedza kwakakura umo. Kudzokororwa kwezvivakwa zvemugungwa, biodiversity, tourism nesainzi Zvinofambirana, uye kusimukira kwavo kuchacherechedzwa zvakanyanya nedzimwe nzvimbo dzichitsvaga nzira dzadzo dzekuchengetedza gungwa pasina kusiya kugona kwavo kwehupfumi.
