Sarudzo yemazuva ano ye Dare Repamusoro rePunta Arenas Dare ratora danho guru munyaya inozivikanwa zvikuru yakatarisana nekambani yekurima salmon yeNova Austral, richichinja mhosva dzekusvibiswa kwemvura dzakapomerwa vamwe vevaimbove vatungamiriri vayo. Mutongo uyu unovhurazve gakava pamusoro pekuti mhosva dzezvakatipoteredza dzine chekuita nekuchengetwa kwemvura dzinoshandiswa sei uye kuti humbowo hwekukuvadzwa kwekongiri kunharaunda yegungwa hunodiwa kusvika papi.
Vatongi veDare Rokutanga vakagumisa kuti, kunyangwe paive maitiro ebhizinesi asina chokwadi —sekuwanda kwesalmon kuti pave nekubereka zvakawanda—, mutongo wekutanga hauna kuratidza zvakakwana kukuvadza chaiko kwezviwanikwa zvemumvura zvinodiwa nemutemo wemhosva. Kushaikwa kwehumbowo uku kwakapedzisira kwawedzera mukana wekuti vakuru vekare vatore chikamu.
Muenzaniso weindasitiri yesalmon muMagallanes
Matanho emutemo anobva pazviitiko zvakaitika pakati pe 2017 na2019 munzvimbo dzekurima mudunhu rePorvenirMudunhu reMagallanes, Hofisi yePublic Prosecutor neState Defense Council vakapomera vakuru vakuru veNova Austral mhosva yekutyora mitemo yezvakatipoteredza yakatenderwa nekuchengeta hove dzakawanda kupfuura dzinobvumirwa muchisarudzo chekuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza.
Zvinoenderana nenhoroondo yakagamuchirwa seyakaratidzwa panguva iyoyo neDare reOral Criminal Court rePunta Arenas, uyo aive maneja mukuru panguva iyoyo, Nicos Nicolaides Busseniusuye maneja wedunhu, Drago Covacich McKayVakatora nzira yekugadzira yaivavarira kuwana biomass yakawanda sezvinobvira. Kuti vaite izvi, vakaraira kuti pave nehuwandu hwakawanda hwesalmon kupfuura hwaibvumidzwa, vachivimba kuti, pasinei nekufa kuripo mukugadzirwa, vaizosvika pamuganhu wepamusoro unobvumirwa.
Kudyara zvakanyanya uku kwaizokonzera kuwedzera kukuru kwemarara eorganic panzvimbo dzekurima: tsvina yehove nechikafu chisina kudyiwaDzose dzakaungana pasi pegungwa. Muchuchisi akataura kuti kuwedzera uku kwemarara kwakachinja mamiriro ekunze enzvimbo dzaishanda kambani uye kungadai kwakakanganisa hutano hwehove dzemagill.
Muchikamu chekutanga, dare rakatsanangura maitiro aya semhosva yekupinza zvinosvibisa mumvura, sezvakataurwa muChikamu 136 cheMutemo Mukuru weHove neKurima Kwemvura. Zvichibva pane izvi, rakapa Nicolaides naCovacich mhosva yekusvibisa mvura, pamwe nevatungamiriri venzvimbo mbiri. Isaac Aaron Ollivet-Besson y Rigoberto Antonio Garrido Arriagada, sezvinhu zvinowedzerwa, tichifunga kuti zvakabatsira pakuvanza migumisiro yekugadzirwa kwakawandisa.
Kukwidzwa kwenyaya yekudzimwa kwemutemo uye kuongororwazve kwemutongo
Vachipindura kupomerwa mhosva uku, magweta evaimbova vatungamiriri vedare akaendesa nyaya kudare. kukwidza nyaya yekuramba chibvumirano pamberi peDare Repamusoro rePunta Arenas. Vakati, nekuisa zviitiko izvi muchikamu semhosva yekusvibiswa kwemvura, dare remuromo rakashandisa mutemo zvisirizvo, sezvo chinhu chikuru cherudzi rwemhosva chisina kuratidzwa: kukuvara kwezviwanikwa zvemvura kana njodzi yekongiri kunharaunda yemvura.
Dare rekutanga redare repamusoro - rinoumbwa nemakurukota Marcos Kusanovic Antinopai y Roxana Salgado Salamé, pamwe chete negweta Sintia Orellana Yévenes– vakaongorora nyaya yacho uye, musarudzo yakaitwa nevose, vakagumisa kuti mutongo wakwidzwa waisanganisira kushandiswa kwemutemo zvisirizvo. Dambudziko rakanga risiri pakuongororwa kweuchapupu, asi munzira iyo chokwadi chakatsigirwa chakadudzirwa nayo pamutemo.
Dare rakajekesa kuti Chikamu 136 cheMutemo we Mutemo Mukuru weHove neKurima kweMvura Zvinoda zvinopfuura kungovapo kwezvinosvibisa. Kuti mhosva ivepo, zvakakosha kuratidza kuvapo kwekukuvara chaiko kana njodzi chaiyo kuzvinhu zvinorarama mumvura, kureva kuti, zvipenyu zvemugungwa zvinokanganiswa nebasa rekurima.
Pakuongorora mutongo wekare, vatongi vakaona kuti wakangotsanangura kuwanda kwesalmon uye kuwedzera kwemarara ezvisikwa, asi hauna kutsanangura kana kutsigira rudzi rwekukuvadzwa kwezvakatipoteredza kwakakonzerwa nezviito izvi. Mumashoko emutongo wacho pachawo, chinhu chakakosha chemhando yematsotsi chakanga chisipo, izvo zvakaita kuti zvinhu zvinodiwa kuti munhu apihwe mhosva yekusvibiswa kwemvura zvisakwane.
Kushaikwa kwehumbowo hwekukuvadzwa kwezvakatipoteredza uye kusakwana kwezvinoitika
Chisarudzo chekutsiva chakapihwa neDare reKukwidza Nyaya dzeDare Chinokwidza Nyaya dzeDare Chinokwidza Nyaya dzeDare Chinotsinhira pfungwa iyi: dare rakataura rakasimbisa chokwadi uye rakaongorora humbowo maererano nekushanda kweNova Austral, asi kubva pamashoko iwayo ekupedzisira. Pakanga pasina kukuvara kwakajeka kana njodzi chaiyo zvezviwanikwa zvemvura sezvinodiwa nerudzi rwemhosva chaiyo.
Mutongo wacho unoti mutongo wapfuura wakangosimbisa chete kuunzwa kwezvinosvibisa -tsvina inobva muchikafu netsvina-, pasina kutsanangura kukanganisa kwakananga kwakaita mamiriro ezvinhu aya panharaunda yegungwa. Mukutaura kwehunyanzvi, izvo mutemo usingaone semhosva zvingadai zvakaiswa muchikamu chakadaro, nekuda kwekushaikwa kwechimwe chezvinodiwa zvakatarwa nemutemo.
Mumamiriro ezvinhu aya, Dare rakaona kuti raibata nechimwe chezviitiko zvakafanotaurwa mu Chinyorwa 385 cheMutemo weMaitiro Emhosvaiyo inofunga nezve mukana wekupidigura mutongo kana chiito chikaiswa muchikamu chemhosva, pamutemo, chisingasvike pazvinhu zvese zvemhosva. Iyi yakanga isiri nyaya yehumbowo chete, asi kutsanangura zvisirizvo kwehukuru hwemhosva yezvakatipoteredza.
Dare repamusoro rakasimbisawo kuti chinodiwa chekukuvadza nharaunda hachifanirwe kufungidzirwa, asi chinofanira kuratidzwa neumboo hwakasimba. Munyaya iyi, kunyangwe paive nenhoroondo yetsika dzakadai se kudyara kupfuura huwandu hwakabvumidzwa Uye kushandiswa kwejecha kufukidza pasi pegungwa pasi pemamodule ekurima - izvo zvingadai zvakachinja mamiriro eokisijeni ne sedimentation - hazvina kukonzera kuongororwa kwakadzama kwemhedzisiro chaiyo pamarudzi akasiyana-siyana emvura kana zviwanikwa zvemvura.
Sezvo pfungwa iyoyo yakanga isina kuratidzwa nemazvo, Dare rakagumisa kuti mhosva yekusvibisa mvura yakanga isati yasimbiswa zvizere. Saka, rakasarudza kubvisa mutongo wacho zvishoma chete maererano nemhosva iyi, zvichisiya zvimwe zvisarudzo zvakatorwa pakutanga maererano nedzimwe mhosva dzakasiyana.
Kusunungurwa kwevaimbova vatungamiriri uye migumisiro kune vamwe vapomerwi
Nekuda kweongororo iyi, Dare Repamusoro rakasarudza kugamuchira chikumbiro chekuramba nyaya yacho Kukwidza nyaya iyi kwakaendeswa kumagweta ekudzivirira Nicos Nicolaides Bussenius naDrago Covacich McKay, asi chete maererano nemhosva yekusvibiswa kwemvura inotongwa muChikamu 136 cheMutemo weFisheries. Saka, dare rakadzima mitongo yavakapihwa nekuda kwemhosva iyoyo.
Sarudzo iyi yaireva kuti kusunungurwa kwaNicolaides naCovacich sevanhu vakapara mhosva iyi, saka havachatongwa nejeri nekuda kwekupinza zvinosvibisa mumvura. Dare rakasimbisa kuti kubviswa kwemutemo uyu kwakaderera uye kunogumira chete pamhosva yezvakatipoteredza, pasina kuenderera mberi otomatiki kune zvese zvakataurwa mukutonga kwekutanga.
Zvisinei, chisarudzo chacho chaive ne kukanganisa kukuru pavanhu vaviri vari kupomerwa mhosva pamwe chete avo vakatongerwa mhosva yekubatsira pamhosva imwe chete yekusvibisa mvura. Kunyange hazvo Isaac Aaron Ollivet-Besson naRigoberto Antonio Garrido Arriagada vasina kukwidza nyaya yacho pamhosva yekutanga, Dare rakaona kuti, nekuda kwechikamu 360 cheMutemo weMaitiro Emhosva, vaigona kubatsirwa nemigumisiro yakanaka yemutongo wechipiri wekubvisa mhosva.
Saka, nekunyangarika kwehwaro hwepamutemo hwaitsigira kupomerwa kukuru kwekusvibiswa kwemvura, mitsara yekuwedzera yekuvigaSezvo mhosva dzese dziri mbiri dzaive pasi pechikamu chimwe chete chemhosva, vakuru vakuru vana ava vakasunungurwa pamhosva iyi chaiyo yezvakatipoteredza ine chekuita nekudyara zvakanyanya uye kusvibiswa kwemvura.
Zvisinei, Dare rakanyatsojekesa kuti Haasi mitongo yese yakadzoserwa shureZvikuru sei, panyaya yaDrago Covacich, mutongo une chekuita nekutaura manyepo, wakanyorwa muchikamu 212 chePenal Code pamusoro penhema dzepfungwa, wakaramba uripo, sezvo uchienderana nechokwadi chakasiyana uye chakazvimirira kubva kune icho chakaongororwa pasi peMutemo Mukuru weKubata Hove neKurima Mugungwa.
Zvinorehwa nemutemo uye gakava pamusoro pemutemo wezvakatipoteredza weuchapupu
Kupfuura kukanganisa zvakananga kune avo vanobatanidzwa, mutongo wePunta Arenas Court une chikamu chakajeka chemutemo nezvematongerwo enyika munyaya ye mutemo wemhosva dzezvakatipoteredzaNekuda humbowo hwakajeka hwekukuvara kana njodzi chaiyo kuti pave nemhosva yekusvibiswa kwemvura, dare rinoisa humbowo hwakasimba hwenyaya dzakafanana mune ramangwana.
Mukutaura zvazviri, izvi zvinoreva kuti hazvizokwani kuratidza kuvapo kwetsika dzinogona kukuvadza—dzakadai sehuwandu hwezvinhu zviri mudura pamusoro pehuwandu hwemvumo kana kuvapo kwemarara ezvisikwa pasi pegungwa—asi zvichave zvakakosha kuratidza nyora zvakanaka kuti zviito izvi zvinoshandura sei kuora kwezvakatipoteredza zvemumvura.
Dudziro iyi, kune rumwe rutivi, inosimbisa vimbiso dzemhosva yevanopomerwa mhosva, nekudzivirira kupomerwa mhosva zvichibva panjodzi dzisiri dzechokwadi kana tsananguro dzakajairika dzekusvibiswa. Kune rumwe rutivi, zvinopa matambudziko kune vane masimba vane basa rekutarisa nekupomera mhosva, avo vachazofanira kuisa mari muongororo dzakadzama dzehunyanzvi kuti varatidze zvakajeka hukama huripo pakati pemaitiro emakambani nekukuvadzwa kwezvakatipoteredza.
Panyaya yeNova Austral, mutongo wekutanga wakaramba uchiti kambani iyi yakatosvika pakuita fukidza pasi pegungwa nejecha rakawanda pasi pemamodule ekurima, zvichichinja oxygenation yepasi uye kupararira kwe mhuka huru dzemugungwaZvisinei, dare repamusoro rakati ruzivo urwu haruna kupihwa zvakakwana sehumbowo hwekukuvadzwa kwezvakatipoteredza, asi setsananguro yekushanda kwacho uye mhedzisiro yaro.
Nyaya iyi haisi diki kana indasitiri yesalmon, muChile nemune dzimwe nyika dzine kurimwa kwehove zvakanyanya, ikatarisana nedambudziko guru. kuwedzera kuongororwa kwevanhu nekuda kwekukanganisa kwayo panharaunda dzegungwa. Mitongo yedare yakaita seiyi inogona kugadza mwero wehumbowo huchadiwa mune ramangwana kuti pave nekupomerwa mhosva yekusvibisa, muLatin America nemuEurope, uko zviitiko izvi munzvimbo yekuchengetedzwa kwemvura nemarudzi akasiyana-siyana zvichitariswa zvakanyanya.
Muchidimbu, mutongo weDare rePunta Arenas haurambi kuti zvakaitwa neNova Austral zvakakonzera migumisiro yakaipa kune nharaunda, asi unosimbisa kuti, kuitira kuti mhinduro yemhosva ishande nenzira yakaipisisa, Kufungira kana kuongororwa kwakajairika hazvina kukwanaKuongororwa kwakasimba kwekukuvara kunotsanangurwa nemutemo semhosva kunodiwa. Hunhu uhwu hwehunyanzvi, kunyange hungaita sehusina kujeka, hwave hwakakosha mukubvisa vakuru vekare munyaya iyi.
Nemutongo uyu, nyaya yakakurumbira yaipomerwa vaimbove vakuru veNova Austral yekusvibisa mvura yapinda muchikamu chitsva, ichisimbisa pfungwa yekuti mhosva yemhosva munyaya dzezvakatipoteredza inoda humbowo hwakasimba hwemhedzisiro chaiyo pazviwanikwa zvemvura, nepo mimwe mitongo yezviito zvakasiyana, zvakaita sezviya zvine chekuita ne nhema mumashoko pamberi pevane masimba.