Kwemakore, kudya zvimwe zvinhu karpi yemvura yakachena Zvaive zvakaita sechiito chekutenda: nyama yakawanda inonaka, asiwo mapfupa madiki anoomesa kuruma kwese. MuChina, uko crucian carp iri hove huru, dambudziko iri raizivikanwa mudzimba, maresitorendi, uye mumaketani ekugadzira.
Chikwata che Chikoro cheSainzi cheChinese (CAS) Vanoti vakachinja mamiriro ezvinhu aya zvakanyanya nekugadzira hove inoberekwa isina mitsipa yetsandanyama inonetsa. Chirongwa ichi, chave chichigadzirwa kwemakore akati wandei, chakaunzwa muBeijing senzvimbo inogona kuchinja kurimwa kwehove neindasitiri yechikafu muhombe yeAsia.
Hove iri kugadzirwazve kubva muDNA
Hwaro hwekufambira mberi huri mukupindira mune mavambo emajini emisana uye kwete muhove dzakatourayiwa. Boka raitungamirirwa nesainzi Gui Jianfang rakaongorora genome yakaoma yecrucian carp (kana gibel carp), rudzi rune machromosome akawanda, kusvika vawana gene rainzi "mugadziri" chaiye wemitsipa yetsandanyama.
Jini iroro, rinoonekwa mubasa resainzi se runx2bInoshanda semhando yepurani yekuti hove igadzire mitsipa inodarika 80 yakaita seY inopararira mutsandanyama dzayo dzese. CRISPR-Cas9Vachishandisa chinozivikanwa se "molecular scissors," vaongorori vakanyatsoongorora makopi ese akakodzera ejini iroro panguva yekukura kwemwana ari mudumbu.
Mhedzisiro yekuvhiyiwa kwemamorekuru uku inyaya ine mwero: main skeleton Musana nembabvu zvinoumbwa zvakajairika, zvichibvumira hove kushambira, kukura, uye kuita semhuka yemusango; asi nzira yehupenyu inokonzera kukura kwemusana wepakati petsandanyama inoramba yakadzima kubva pakutanga.
Zvichienderana nedata rakaburitswa neCAS, maitiro acho haana kupfupika. Basa rakarongeka rakaenderera mberi kwenguva yakati rebei makore matanhatu ekutsvaga yakarongwa mukati mechirongwa che "Kugadzira neKugadzira (kana Kuvandudza) kweKunyatsonaka", yakatarisana nekushandisa tekinoroji yepamusoro mukugadzira chikafu.
Zhongke 6: hove yemhando yehybrid isina musana
Mhedzisiro yekutengeserana yemutsara uyu wekutsvaga ndeye musanganiswa mutsva wehove dzegoridhe dzinonzi Zhongke 6 (dzimwe nguva inonzi "Zhongke Nhamba 6"). Iyi haisi prototype yerabhoritari chete, asi mhando yakagadzirwa zvakananga "yetafura" uye yechikamu chekurima hove.
Vaongorori vanoti Zhongke 6 Inochengetedza kunaka kwakafanana uye kukosha kwekudya kwakafanana. Zvakasiyana nenyama yemhando yecrucian carp, ine nyama yakapfava, ine mapuroteni akawanda, asi isina njodzi yekudzipwa nemapfupa akapfava. Kubva pamaonero emutengi, kudya kwacho kuri nyore: kushanda kushoma mukicheni, kutya kwemwana kushoma kuti pfupa rinamire pahuro, uye kugadzirira kumba nekukurumidza.
Pamusoro pekusavapo kwemisana iri pakati petsandanyama, hove iyi ine hunhu hwakakosha maererano nenzvimbo yayo: ndiyo isina utachionaMamiriro aya akatangwa nemaune kuderedza migumisiro inogona kuitika pakuchengetedza nharaunda kana chero mhuka dzikabuda mumapurazi dzikasvika kunzizi kana madhamu, zvichidzivirira kuti dzisabereke uye dzisanganiswe nemhuka dzesango.
Panyaya yemaitiro, zvidzidzo zvakataurwa neCAS zvinoratidza kuti carp yakagadziriswa Hapana, chinopa chikafu uye chinokura Kufanana nedzimwe mhando dzese, izvi zvakakosha kuitira kuti varimi vasafanirwe kugadzirisa zvakanyanya nzira dzavo dzekurima.
Dhizaini yakagadzirirwa kurima hove zvakanyanya
Kunze kwekurerutsira kushandiswa, Zhongke 6 yakafungidzirwa senzira yekubatsira chishandiso cheindasitiri chekurima hove Ruzivo rwehunyanzvi rwakaburitswa runoratidza kuvandudzwa kwakawanda panguva imwe chete kunokwezva zvikuru vagadziri.
Chekutanga, mhando iyi inosvika saizi yekutengeserana munguva pfupi kupfuura mhuka dzesango, izvo zvinoita kuti kugadzirwa kuwedzere uye zvinoita kuti madziva ekurera kana madziva akwanise kutenderera nekukurumidza. Pamusoro pezvo, ane simba rakakura rekutsungirira nzvimbo dzine vanhu vakawandanharaunda yekurima hove zvakanyanya, uko zvirwere zvinogona kupararira zviri nyore.
Chimwe chinhu chakasimbiswa nechikwata chaGui Jianfang ndechekugona kudya zvakanaka: karpi isina musana ingangoda kudya kushoma kuti uwane huwandu hwakaenzana hweproteinkuderedza mari yezvikafu, imwe yemitengo inorema pane chero basa rekurima hove, uye panguva imwe chete kuderedza kukanganiswa kwenzvimbo yezvikafu.
Kubatanidzwa kwekukura nekukurumidza, kusabatwa nezvirwere, uye kushandurwa kwekudya kwakanaka kunofanirwa kushandurwa kuita kugadzirwa kwakasimba kwemapuroteni emhando yepamusoro pahuwandu hwakakura. Kune indasitiri yehove dzakagadziriswa, kusavapo kwemapfupa kunowedzera mukana wekuwedzera nekuderedza mitengo uye kurerutsa kucheka, kuisa zvidimbu, uye kugadzira zvigadzirwa zvakagadzirira kudyiwa.
Pakati pezvinhu zvinoshandiswa pakurapa, zvinotevera zvinonyanya kukosha: mabhora ehove, hove dzemumagaba, mafillets akatonhorera uye mamwe magadzirirwo apo nhasi mapfupa anoda matanho ekuchenesa akawedzerwa kana michina yakaoma kuti aparadzanise nyama nemapfupa akapfava.
Mhedzisiro yehupfumi uye nguva yekutanga kumusika
Chinese Academy of Sciences inoratidza mikana yakakura yehupfumi. Gui Jianfang akataura kuti kuunzwa kwecrucian carp isina mapfupa kunogona chinja maitiro ekudya hove muChina uye kuvhura musika unokosheswa nemazana emamiriyoni eyuan weindasitiri yekugadzira zvinhu zvakadzama.
Chirongwa ichi, sekureva kwevaya vari kutungamira, chiri mu chikamu chekupedzisira chisati chatanga maindasitiriMashoko nezvinyorwa zvakaburitswa zvese zvinoratidza kuti 2026 sezuva rakatarwa rekuti zvikamu zvitanhatu zveZhongke zvisvike kumisika yeChina, kana matanho ekutonga apera uye modhi yekugadzira yakakura yagadziriswa zvakanaka.
Kubudirira uku chikamu chemamiriro ezvinhu akakura ayo China iri kutsvaga kuve nechokwadi chekuwanikwa kwemapuroteni emhuka Vachitarisana nekuwanda kwezvinodiwa zvekudya, ukuwo vachiedza kuvandudza mashandiro ehurongwa hwavo hwezvekudya, chirongwa cheCAS che "Design and Precision Improvement", icho Zhongke 6 iri chikamu chacho, chinonangana neizvozvo chaizvo: kushandisa biotechnology yemazuva ano kugadzirisa hunhu hwezvirimwa nemhuka dzinofanirwa kudyiwa.
Kubudirira kwekuzivisa uku kwave kunoshamisa munharaunda. Pasocial network WeiboKune mashoko akawanda anoenzanisa kufambira mberi uku nezvimwe zvekudya zvakagadziriswa, zvakaita semichero isina mhodzi, uye zvinosetsa kutaura kuti sainzi ichasvika papi kuti hupenyu huve nyore mukicheni.
Nhaurirano dzesainzi netsika uye migumisiro inogona kuitika muEurope
Kubudirira kwehunyanzvi hwepurojekiti iyi kunoenderana nehurukuro huru pamusoro pe miganhu yekuchinja majini mumhuka dzinorerwa kuti dzive chikafu. CAS pachayo inobvuma kuti basa iri rinomiririra "kukunda" kwesainzi inoshandiswa padambudziko rezuva nezuva, asi rinomutsawo mibvunzo yekuti tinoda kugadzira patsva zvakasikwa kuti zvienderane nezvatinoda.
Pakati pemashoko akanyanya kungwarira, zvinosimbiswa kuti chinhu chekutanga chinofanira kuramba chiri Kushandiswa kwevanhu zvakachengeteka uye kugadzirwa kwenguva refukwete kusunungurwa kwehove idzi munzvimbo dzezvisikwa. Kusabereka kweZhongke 6 inzira inokosha, asi hazvibvisi kudiwa kwemitemo yakasimba uye kugara uchitarisa kana modhi yacho ikatambanudzirwa kune dzimwe mhando.
MuEurope, uko mitemo pamusoro pe zvipenyu zvine genetically modified Mitemo yeEU inodzvinyirira kupfuura muChina; hove yakaita seZhongke 6 inofanira kuongororwa zvakanyanya isati yatombofungidzirwa nezvekupinzwa kwayo kana kurimwa. Mutemo weEU unosiyanisa pakati pezvisikwa zvakagadziriswa majini zvekare uye maitiro ekugadzirisa majini akadai seCRISPR, asi gakava rezvematongerwo enyika neremagariro evanhu richiripo.
Zvinotarisirwa kuti, kana karpi isina mapfupa ikasimbiswa mumusika weChina, gakava richamuka muEuropean Union maererano ne zvingangoitika kuti zvigadzirwa zvinobva kune zvimwe (semuenzaniso, zvigadzirwa zvemumagaba kana kuti zvakachengetwa muchando) uye pakunyorwa kwemazita, kurongeka kwekutevera uye maonero emutengi wekuEurope nezvehove dzakagadziriswa muDNA yadzo.
Kune nyika dzine tsika yakasimba yekubata hove, dzakadai seSpain, mhando idzi dzebudiriro dzinoteverwa nekufarira uye nekungwarira: kune rumwe rutivi, dzinoratidza mukana we biotechnology wekuita izvi. kunatsiridza kushandiswa kwezviwanikwa zvemugungwa nekurima gungwaKune rumwe rutivi, vanoratidza kushushikana pamusoro pekuchinjana kwemarudzi emhuka, kuvimba nehunyanzvi uye kukanganisa kungangoitika pabasa rekubata hove rechinyakare.
Uyu muenzaniso unogona kutengeswa kune dzimwe mhando uye kushandiswa?
Ruzivo neZhongke 6 runoratidza kuti, kubva pakuona kwehunyanzvi, zvinogoneka bvisa minzwa kana zvinhu zvisingadiwe muhove uchishandisa kugadzirisa majini nemazvo. Izvi zvinovhura mukana wekutsvaga mashandisirwo akafanana mune dzimwe mhando dzemvura yakachena kana kunyange dzemugungwa idzo pari zvino dzisingadyiwi zvakanyanya nekuda kwekusagadzikana kwemapfupa adzo matete.
Zvisinei, nzanga yesainzi inosimbisa kuti mhando yega yega ine "Matambudziko ezvemajini" Uye kutevedzera kubudirira kwehove yegoridhe hakusi nyore sekukopa nekunamira protocol. Zvinhu zvakaita se ploidy (nhamba yema chromosome sets), biology yekubereka, uye basa rezvakatipoteredza rehove yega yega zvinoreva kuti chero chirongwa cherudzi urwu chinofanira kudzidzwa zvichienderana nemamiriro ezvinhu.
Kubatana kungangoitika kwerudzi urwu kwakataurwawo. de peces yakagadziriswa ne nzvimbo dzakadzorwa dzisingafanirwe kupihwa zvekudyazvakaita semadziva ekugadzira kana nzvimbo dzepachivande. Ikoko, sampuli dzisina utachiona dzinogona kushandiswa kuona kuti dzinobatwa dzakawanda kana kuti sezvishandiso zvekutarisira, nguva dzose pasi pemitemo yakajeka inodzivirira kuti dzisapinde muzvisikwa.
Panguva imwe chete, nyaya yeChinese inoshanda semuenzaniso kuratidza kuti muganhu uripo pakati pezvisikwa nefekitori Musiyano uri kuderera. Kana kushandiswa kwemhuka nemiti zvakagadzirwa kuti zvikure nekukurumidza, zvive zvakasimba, uye kubvisa zvatinoti "zvirema" zvikapararira, nyanzvi dzakawanda dzinonyevera nezvekudiwa kwekusimbisa pachena kune vatengi uye kuchengetedza gakava reveruzhinji rine ruzivo.
NeZhongke 6, China inopa hove inogadzirisa dambudziko rezuva nezuva kamwe chete—mapfupa anokuvadza ndiro—uye inovhura mikana yakasiyana-siyana yeindasitiri, asi zvinotimanikidzawo kufunga nezverudzi rwehove. muenzaniso wezvekudya Tinoda mumakumi emakore anotevera, muAsia nemuEurope.