Uri kufunga nezvekuwana mhuka dzinovaraidza asi usina nguva yakawanda yekudzichengeta? Ipapo ini ndinokurudzira kutora a yakazara aquarium nedzimwe hove dzomumvura inotonhora. Izvi, zvakasiyana nezvinogara munzvimbo dzinopisa, havadi thermostat; ingoita chokwadi chekuti mvura yakachena uye, chokwadika, kuti vanodyiswa kakawanda pazuva. Mukuwedzera, nekushivirira kudzikama ambient tembiricha, inokubvumira kuti ugadzire aquariums yakapfava uye yakagadzikana nemidziyo yakakosha asi yakakura.
Kunyangwe paine pasina marudzi mazhinji aripo, chokwadi ndechekuti pane zvakakwana kuti ugadzire anonakidza aquarium. Ziva iyo hukuru hunhu hwehove dzemvura inotonhorera uye nechengetedzo ipi yavanoda kurarama kwemakore akati kuti. Kuti uwedzere hutano hwako, zvinokurudzirwa kuwedzera kusefa kwakanaka, oxygenation yakanaka uye nzvimbo yakakwana, kudzivisa kuwandisa uye kuchinja kwekushisa kamwe kamwe.
Chii chinoita hove dzemvura inotonhora?
Hove dzemvura inotonhorera ndidzo idzo kubudirira pasina kudziyisa uye inogona kurarama nekudzika kwakadzika, kumativi 10-24 ºC, chero mvura yakanaka uye paine okisijeni yakanyungudika yakakwana. Muchisikigo, vanogara munzizi, madhamu, madziva, uye nzvimbo dzakadzikama dzemumhenderekedzo yegungwa dzine mvura inotonhorera, ine okisijeni.
Miviri yavo inogona kuva yakatenderedzwa kana stylized Zvichienderana nemhando yemhando, vanogona kunge vaine zvimbi zvimwechete kana kaviri, izvo zvakakura kana kushoma kureba. Mumarudzi akadai sehove dzegoridhe dzinoyevedza, zvimbi zvinogadzirwa zvinoshamisa; mune dzimwe, semabhabhu kana kuti orfes, zvimbi ndizvo zvinonyanya. hydrodynamic mafomu izvo zvinoita kuti kushambira kunoshanda kuve nyore kwavari.
Kana tikataura nezvekuona, kazhinji hazvisi zvakanaka, asi iro harisi dambudziko kwavari, nekuti nekuda kwemhino dzavo nemabarbels izvo zvavanazvo pamiromo yavo zvinogona kuzvitungamirira uye kuona kuvapo kweimwe mhuka iri kusvika. Mamwe marudzi (telescope kana bubble eyes) ane maziso anonzwa zvakanyanya, saka vanoda kushongedza pasina mipendero.
Kazhinji, imhuka dzakadzikama dzinoshambira zvishoma nezvishoma. Neichi chikonzero, Vanogona kukubatsira zvakanyanya kuti uzorore. Zvisinei, pane misiyano: single-tailed goldfish (comet, shubunkin) vari nekukurumidza, nepo mhando dzemhando yepamusoro (oranda, ranchu, ryukin, fantail) dziri more clumsy uye zvinokurudzirwa kuti usavasanganisa nevashahwi vanomhanya zvikuru vanotora chikafu chavo.
Vanoda kuchengetwa kupi?
Kuchengeta hutano hove dzemvura inotonhora, zvakakosha kuti tivape rubatsiro rwekutanga, rwuri:
- Kudyisa: Zvakakosha kuvapa chikafu chemhando yepamusoro, chinogona kuwanikwa muzvitoro zvemhuka. Kudyisa kunofanirwa kuenderana nehukuru hwadzo, saka imbwa diki nepakati dzinofanirwa kupihwa chikafu chine granulated, nepo imbwa hombe dzinofanira kupihwa pellets. Iyo frequency inofanira kuva 2 kusvika 3 kanomwe pazuva, uye nguva dzose huwandu hwavanogona kudya mumasekonzi.
- Kugadziriswa: Izvo zvinokurudzirwa kwazvo kuzvichengeta mumadziva egirazi kana emumvura, ine mvura ine pH iri pakati pe6,5 ne7,5. Nzvimbo yavanowanikwa inofanirwa kucheneswa zvakakwana kamwechete kana kaviri pasvondo, vachiisa hove mundiro kana mubheseni nemvura kudzamara imba yavo yasara isina kubatika.
- Sefa ine simba: Kunyangwe pasina kupisa, iyo aquarium inoda a oversized sefa inokwanisa kufamba kanenge 5-7 nguva yetangi vhoriyamu paawa, ine biological zvinhu (machubhu, matrix) kugadzira ammonium uye nitrites. Mumhando dzakapfava, a kusefa yakapfava pakubuda dzivisa mafambiro akawandisa.
- Oxygenation uye kufamba kwemvura: hove dzemvura inotonhora dzinopedza okisijeni yakawanda. Inovimbisa kunaka kwepamusoro kubvongodzwa (sefa yekubuda yakatarisana nepamusoro) uye, kana zvichidikanwa, inowedzera a aerator kuvandudza gasi kuchinjana.
- Kuchinja kwemvura zvishoma: tora muitiro wakagadzikana: inovandudza 25-30% vhiki nevhiki nemvura ine dechlorinated pane imwe tembiricha yakafanana. Izvi zvinochengeta nitrate yakaderera uye kudzivirira kushushikana. Zviri nani pasi siphoning kusvika pakubvisa zvachose kana kutamisa hove kakawanda.
- Parameters uye tembiricha: pH pakati 6,5 uye 7,5 uye kuomarara kwepakati kwakanaka. Controls ammonium uye nitrites pa0 uye chengeta nitrate iri pasi pe40 mg/l. Dzivisa kupisa kwepamusoro uye usarambe uchipfuura 22-23 ºC mumba, sezvo ichimhanyisa metabolism yako.
- Aquarium size: Mumvura diki dzemvura (<40 l) sarudzo dzinogumira. Kubva 40-80 l Zvisikwa zvidiki zvinogona kuchengetwa mumapoka (semuenzaniso, Chinese neon kana medaka). Kune goldfish uye carp, zvakakodzera kupfuura 100 l uye nzvimbo yemahara yekushambira.
- Kushongedza kwakachengeteka: Shandisa zvinomera nematombo pasina mipendero. Dzivisa zvinhu zvakapinza izvo zvinogona kukuvadza maziso akaputika kana miswe mirefu yemhando dzemhando yepamusoro. Kana ukabatanidza zvinomera, ramba uchifunga kuti marudzi akawanda vanonona mashizha manyoro.
- Kubatana: chengeta hove pamwechete saizi yakafanana uye kumhanya. Usasanganise marudzi anononoka-kushambira (bubble-eye, teresikopu) nemacomets anokurumidza kana shubunkin. Dzivisa mukana wemhuka dzinodya nyama dzine fry.
- Madziva ekunze: inopa mumvuri muzhizha, oxygenation yakanaka, uye kudzika kwakakwana kwechando. Mumamiriro ekunze anotonhora, ita shuwa kuti nzvimbo isina ice inoramba iri yekuchinjana gasi.
Mhando de peces mvura inotonhora
Iye zvino zvaunoziva zvavari uye nemabatiro avanozviita, inguva yekuziva kuti chii mhando de peces mvura inotonhora ndiwo akanyanya kuwanda mumakungwa.
Bhabheri repingi
Iyi ndeimwe yehove iyo yatinowanzowana muzvitoro zvezvipfuyo. Zita rayo resainzi ndi puntius conchonius, uye inowanikwa kuAfghanistan, Pakistan, India, Nepal, Bangladesh, neBurma. Zviri inodzivirira kwazvo, kutsungirira tembiricha iri pakati pe17 ne25 madhigirii celsius. Kana vasvika pakukura, vanoyera 14 cm kureba. Mumvura dzepakati nepakati, mumapoka uye nekusefa kwakanaka, vanoratidza mavara akasimba uye kushingaira maitiro.
Goldfish
Iyo Goldfish, ine zita resainzi iri Carassius auratusKunyangwe ichizivikanwa zvakanyanya secarpÃn kana hove dzvuku, ndiyo yekupedzisira inonyanya kufarirwa. Iyo inotangira kuChina, uye nekuda kwehukuru hwayo -inenge 15cm mukukura- inokodzera kwazvo kuve nemumvura yakadzika yemhando dzakasiyana. Kune akawanda marudzi, akadai seBubble Eyes kana Shumba Musoro, asi nechero ipi yawo unogona kunakidzwa neiyi hobby usina kunetseka.
Kusarudza zvakanaka zvakakosha kusiyanisa pakati miswe imwe chete (kaiti, shubunkin, sarasa), nekukurumidza uye zvakanyanya kuramba, uye fantasy marudzi (Oranda, Ryukin, Ranchu, Fantail, Telescope, Pearl Scale, Skygazer) izvo zvinoda zvinyoro zvazvino uye zvakadzikama shamwari. Sefa yakanaka, shanduko yevhiki nevhiki, uye kudya kwakasiyana (kunyura pellets, miriwo yakabikwa, uye dzimwe nguva mapuroteni) chengetedza hutano uye hupenyu hurefu.
Koi carp
Koi Carp, kana cyprinus carpio Mumutauro wesainzi, ndeimwe yehove dzinodiwa kwazvo. Iyo zvakare inowanikwa kuChina, kunyangwe vachigara mumakungwa ese, kunze kweanotonhora ari kumatanda. Iyo ihama yeyakajairika carp, uye iwe unofanirwa kuziva izvo vanogona kukura kusvika 70cm kana iyo aquarium yakakura.
Mukuita, nekuda kwehukuru hwavo uye bioload, ivo vanokurudzirwa madziva akakura uye neokisijeni zvakanaka. Mune dziva, chikafu chaicho chekoi, Nhungamiro yekusimudza hove dzekoi uye yakawandisa kusefa ndiyo kiyi yayo ruvara uye kukura.
Marble coridora
Iyo coridora marble kana coridora mhiripiri, nesainzi inozivikanwa nezita rekuti Corydoras paleatus, ndeimwe yeinonyanya kukurudzirwa kune vanotanga, kubvira inoshivirira hunhu hwakasiyana hwemvura. Inowanikwa munzvimbo dzinopisa dzeSouth America, dzinogara munzizi dzeArgentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay, neUruguay. Inokura kusvika 14 cm. Mumapoka angangoita 5-6 vanhu, pane yakanaka substrates, vanoratidza magariro evanhu zvinonakidza zvikuru.
gambusia
Ihove iyi, yemhando yeGambusia, inoshingirira, zvekuti inogona kurarama mumvura inodziya uye inotonhora. Ivo vanozvarwa kunzizi dzenyika zhinji, kusanganisira Europe, Asia ne Africa. Inogona kuchengetwa munzvimbo diki kana dzepakati dzemvura, sezvo dzichikura kusvika gumi nemasere, asi tinofanirwa kuziva kuti hove iyi inodya nyama, uye unogona kudya fry yemamwe marudzi de peces. Naizvozvo, hazvikurudzirwe nemhando dzinobereka mu aquarium kana uchida kuchengeta mazai.
Zuva perch
Iyi ndeimwe yehove dzinomira nekuda kwemavara ayo akanaka, asiwo nekugadzirisa, kutsigira kubva pa4ºC kusvika 22ºC. Zita rayo resainzi ndi Lepomis gibbosus, uye inotangira kuNorth America, kunyange hazvo nhasi, tichitenda zvikuru nerubatsiro rwevanhu, inowanikwawo muAfrica neEurope. Imhuka inodya, saka Hazvikurudzirwi kuisa pamwe nemamwe marudzi de peces, uye haifaniri kudzorerwa kumugariro wayo womusango. Varume vakuru vanogona kukura kusvika 20cm. Zviri nani kuichengeta mukati single-species aquariums kana madziva anodzorwa.
Chinese neon (Tanichthys albonubes)
Idiki, ine rugare uye inoshamisira kwazvo, inoshivirira mvura yakachena uye yakanakira zvepakati-saizi aquariums mukati mabhangi e8 kana kupfuuraInofamba zvakanaka nemamwe marudzi akadzikama uye inokoshesa zvinomera uye kunyorova kwemhepo.
Medaka kana hove yemupunga (Oryzias latipes)
Yakasimba uye inochinjika, inotsigira yakafara tembiricha siyana. Yakakwana kune akareruka aquariums kana madiki madziva. Mumapoka inoratidza maitiro anofadza uye kubereka kuri nyore nedzimba dzezvirimwa.
Bhuruu negoridhe orfe (Leuciscus idus)
Vashambiri vanokurumidza uye vanoshingaira. Best in madziva makuru, nemvura ine okisijeni zvakanaka. Munzvimbo dzakakodzera vanogarisana nekoi uye carp, vachipa dynamism kune zvese.
Tench yegoridhe (Tinca tinca)
Yegoridhe yakasiyana-siyana ye common tench. Kunonoka-kukura asi kwehukuru hwekupedzisira; zvinoda madziva akadzika uye substrate yakapfava. Haina kukodzera kudzimba dzemu aquariums.
Uswa hunodya uswa carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella)
Voracious herbivore inobatsira kudzora kuwandisa kwezvirimwa mumadziva makuru kwazvo. Inoda nzvimbo yakawanda, mvura ine oxygen yakawanda uye hazvikurudzirwe kune aquariums.
Baeri sturgeon (Acipenser baerii)
Kunge kuramba uchituhwina, inoda mvura inotonhora, yakachena zvikuru, uye ine okisijeni zvakanaka. Exclusive kumadziva makuru ane high-performance filtration.
Chinese highfin shark (Myxociprinus asiaticus)
Inoshamisa kune yayo yechidiki dorsal fin uye pateni. Kunyange zvazvo inoshivirira mvura yakachena, inosvika pakukura kukuru uye zvinoda hombe aquariums kana madziva ane ikozvino uye yakakwirira oxygenation. Haina kukodzera kumvura diki.
Kuti uvhare denderedzwa, yeuka kuti hove dzemvura inotonhora dzinobatanidza runako, zvakasiyana-siyana uye kuramba chero bedzi vane zvakakwana filtration, oxygen uye nzvimbo. Sarudza mhando dzinoenderana, tungamira iyo Kudzivirira Kuchengetedza uye kuronga saizi ye aquarium yako ichakubvumidza kuti unakirwe yakagadzikana uye inogara kwenguva refu setup pasina matambudziko.
Izvi zvinopedzisa kukosha kwedu pahove dzemvura inotonhora. Tinovimba kuti yakakubatsira. sarudza maroja ako matsvaUnoziva here dzimwe hove dzemvura inotonhora uye diki saizi?
Izvozvo nakidzwa nokushamwaridzana kwavo :).
